Fluid Mechanics of Environmental Interfaces (Balkema: Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences)

An environmental interface is defined as a surface between two abiotic or biotic systems, in relative motion and exchanging mass, heat and momentum through biophysical and/or chemical processes. These processes fluctuate temporally and spatially. The book first treats exchange processes occurring at the interfaces between atmosphere and the surface of the sea, and atmosphere and land surface. These exchanges include the effect of vegetation, transport of dust and dispersion of passive substances within the atmosphere. Processes at the environmental interfaces of freshwater, such as gas-transfer at free-surfaces of rivers, advective diffusion of air bubbles in turbulent water flows and boundary-layers phenomena in vegetated open channels are also described. Finally, the book deals with the phenomena that affect transport of material to and from the surface of an organism, including molecular and turbulent diffusion. The relevant issues related to mass transfer to and from benthic plants and animals are further considered in detail. The book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in environmental sciences, civil engineering and environmental engineering, (geo)physics and applied mathematics. Book Cover......Page 1 Title......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Table of contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 8 Biographies of the authors......Page 12 CHAPTER ONE Environmental fluid mechanics: Current issues and future outlook......Page 18 Part one: Processes at atmospheric interfaces......Page 32 CHAPTER TWO Point source atmospheric diffusion......Page 34 CHAPTER THREE Air–sea interaction......Page 66 CHAPTER FOUR Modelling of flux exchanges between heterogeneous surface and atmosphere......Page 88 CHAPTER FIVE Desert dust uptake-transport and deposition mechanisms—impacts of dust on radiation, clouds and precipitation......Page 114 Part two: Processes at water interfaces......Page 146 CHAPTER SIX Gas-transfer at unsheared free-surfaces......Page 148 CHAPTER SEVEN Advective diffusion of air bubbles in turbulent water flows......Page 180 Part three: Processes at interfaces of biotic systems......Page 214 CHAPTER EIGHT Transport processes in the soil-vegetation-lower atmosphere system......Page 216 CHAPTER NINE Turbulence and wind above and within the forest canopy......Page 238 CHAPTER TEN Boundary layer development over rigid submerged vegetation......Page 258 CHAPTER ELEVEN Mass transport in aquatic environments......Page 316 Author Index......Page 344 Subject Index......Page 346 Treats exchange processes occurring at the interfaces between atmosphere and the sea surface, and atmosphere and land surface - including the effect of vegetation, transport of dust and dispersion of passive substances in the atmosphere. This book deals with the phenomena that affect transport of material to and from the surface of an organism.