Flowering Plants. Monocots: Poaceae (The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Book 13)

This volume is the outcome of a modern phylogenetic analysis of the grass family based on multiple sources of data, in particular molecular systematic studies resulting from a concerted effort by researchers worldwide, including the author. In the classification given here grasses are subdivided into 12 subfamilies with 29 tribes and over 700 genera. The keys and descriptions for the taxa above the rank of genus are hierarchical, i.e. they concentrate upon characters which are deemed to be synapomorphic for the lineages and may be applicable only to their early-diverging taxa. Beyond the treatment of phylogeny and formal taxonomy, the author presents a wide range of information on topics such as the structural characters of grasses, their related functional aspects and particularly corresponding findings from the field of developmental genetics with inclusion of genes and gene products instrumental in the shaping of morphological traits (in which this volume appears unique within this book series); further topics addressed include the contentious time of origin of the family, the emigration of the originally shade-loving grasses out of the forest to form vast grasslands accompanied by the switch of many members to C 4 photosynthesis, the impact of herbivores on the silica cycle housed in the grass phytoliths, the reproductive biology of grasses, the domestication of major cereal crops and the affinities of grasses within the newly circumscribed order Poales. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of existing knowledge on the Poaceae (Gramineae), with major implications in terms of key scientific challenges awaiting future research. It certainly will be of interest both for the grass specialist and also the generalist seeking state-of-the-art information on the diversity of grasses, the most ecologically and economically important of the families of flowering plants. This Volume Is The Outcome Of A Modern Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Grass Family Based On Multiple Sources Of Data, In Particular Molecular Systematic Studies Resulting From A Concerted Effort By Researchers Worldwide, Including The Author. In The Classification Given Here Grasses Are Subdivided Into 12 Subfamilies With 29 Tribes And Over 700 Genera. The Keys And Descriptions For The Taxa Above The Rank Of Genus Are Hierarchical, I.e. They Concentrate Upon Characters Which Are Deemed To Be Synapomorphic For The Lineages And May Be Applicable Only To Their Early-diverging Taxa. Beyond The Treatment Of Phylogeny And Formal Taxonomy, The Author Presents A Wide Range Of Information On Topics Such As The Structural Characters Of Grasses, Their Related Functional Aspects And Particularly Corresponding Findings From The Field Of Developmental Genetics With Inclusion Of Genes And Gene Products Instrumental In The Shaping Of Morphological Traits (in Which This Volume Appears Unique Within This Book Series); Further Topics Addressed Include The Contentious Time Of Origin Of The Family, The Emigration Of The Originally Shade-loving Grasses Out Of The Forest To Form Vast Grasslands Accompanied By The Switch Of Many Members To C4 Photosynthesis, The Impact Of Herbivores On The Silica Cycle Housed In The Grass Phytoliths, The Reproductive Biology Of Grasses, The Domestication Of Major Cereal Crops And The Affinities Of Grasses Within The Newly Circumscribed Order Poales. This Volume Provides A Comprehensive Overview Of Existing Knowledge On The Poaceae (gramineae), With Major Implications In Terms Of Key Scientific Challenges Awaiting Future Research. It Certainly Will Be Of Interest Both For The Grass Specialist And Also The Generalist Seeking State-of-the-art Information On The Diversity Of Grasses, The Most Ecologically And Economically Important Of The Families Of Flowering Plants. Poaceae - General Information: Description Of The Family -- Vegetative Morphology And Anatomy -- Inflorescence Structure -- Flower Structure -- Embryology -- Karyology And Genome Structure -- Pollen -- Fruit And Seed -- Phytochemistry -- Distribution, Habitats And Conservation -- Reproductive Systems -- Fossil Record And Dates Of Diversification -- Domestication -- Affinities -- Classification Of The Poaceae: Subdivision Of The Family -- I. Subfamily Anomochlooideae -- Ii. Subfamily Pharoideae -- Iii. Subfamily Puelioideae -- Iv. Subfamily Ehrhartoideae -- V. Subfamily Bambusoideae -- Vi. Subfamily Pooideae -- Pacmad Clade Vii. Subfamily Aristidoideae -- Viii. Subfamily Panicoideae -- Ix. Subfamily Danthonioideae -- X. Subfamily Chloridoideae -- Xi. Subfamily Micrairoideae -- Xii. Subfamily Arundinoideae. Elizabeth A. Kellogg ; [series] Edited By K. Kubitzki.. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Front Matter....Pages i-xv Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Description of the Family, Vegetative Morphology and Anatomy....Pages 3-23 Inflorescence Structure....Pages 25-38 Flower Structure....Pages 39-43 Embryology....Pages 45-53 Karyology and Genome Structure....Pages 55-61 Pollen....Pages 63-67 Fruit and Seed....Pages 69-76 Phytochemistry....Pages 77-85 Distribution, Habitats and Conservation....Pages 87-91 Reproductive Systems....Pages 93-101 Fossil Record and Dates of Diversification....Pages 103-107 Domestication....Pages 109-119 Affinities....Pages 121-123 Front Matter....Pages 125-125 Subdivision of the Family....Pages 127-130 I. Subfamily Anomochlooideae Pilg. ex Potztal (1957)....Pages 131-133 II. Subfamily Pharoideae L.G. Clark & Judz. (1996)....Pages 135-137 III. Subfamily Puelioideae L.G. Clark et al. (2000)....Pages 139-142 IV. Subfamily Ehrhartoideae Link (1827)....Pages 143-150 V. Subfamily Bambusoideae Luerss. (1893)....Pages 151-198 VI. Subfamily Pooideae Benth. (1861)....Pages 199-265 Front Matter....Pages 125-125 PACMAD Clade....Pages 267-269 VIII. Subfamily Panicoideae Link (1827)....Pages 271-345 IX. Subfamily Danthonioideae N.P. Barker & H.P. Linder (2001)....Pages 347-352 X. Subfamily Chloridoideae Kunth ex Beilschm. (1833)....Pages 353-397 XI. Subfamily Micrairoideae Pilg. (1956)....Pages 399-402 XII. Subfamily Arundinoideae Burmeist. (1837)....Pages 403-408 Back Matter....Pages 409-416 Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; Poaceae - General Information; Description of the Family, Vegetative Morphology and Anatomy; Vegetative Morphology and Anatomy; Roots; Stems; Leaves; Morphology and development; Leaf epidermis; Internal anatomy of leaves; References; Inflorescence Structure; Transition to Flowering; Bract Formation and Inflorescence Phyllotaxis; Numbers of Orders of Branching; Numbers of Branches or Spikelets at Each Order of Branching; Branch Angle; Axis Elongation; Spikelets; Disarticulation; References; Flower Structure; References; Embryology; Ovule; Megagametophyte Chemicals Produced by Symbionts or PathogensPhytosiderophores; References; Distribution, Habitats and Conservation; Distribution and Maintenance of Grasslands; Distribution of Major Clades; Species Diversity; Conservation and Response to Climate Change; References; Reproductive Systems; Unisexual vs. Bisexual Flowers; Self-pollination and Self-incompatibility Systems; Cleistogamy; Barriers to Interspecific Crossing; Asexual Reproduction; References; Fossil Record and Dates of Diversification; References; Domestication; Origins of Major Cereal Crops; Morphological Changes in Domestication Genetic and Genomic Changes in DomesticationReferences; Affinities; References; Classification of the Poaceae; Subdivision of the Family; Key to the Subfamilies; References; I. Subfamily Anomochlooideae Pilg. ex Potztal (1957); Key to the Genera of Anomochlooideae; Spikelet Clade; References; II. Subfamily Pharoideae L.G. Clark and Judz. (1996); Key to the Genera of Pharoideae; Genera of Pharoideae; Bistigmatic Clade; References; III. Subfamily Puelioideae L.G. Clark et al. (2000); Key to the Genera; BEP Plus PACMAD Clades; BEP Clade; References; IV. Subfamily Ehrhartoideae Link (1827) EmbryoEndosperm; References; Karyology and Genome Structure; Chromosome Number; Polyploidy; Genome Size; Genome Mapping, Sequencing and Conservation of Gene Order; GC Content; References; Pollen; Morphology and Anther Structure; Pollination; Pollen transfer; Pollen germination and pollen tube growth; References; Fruit and Seed; Dispersal; Unassisted or wind dispersal; Dispersal in time: seed dormancy; Dispersal by animals; Role of the awn; Forcible dispersal; References; Phytochemistry; Phenolics; Derivatives of Amino Acids (Tryptophan, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine); Terpenoids Key to the GeneraEhrhartoideae Incertae Sedis; I. Tribe Phyllorachideae C.E. Hubbard (1939); II. Tribe Ehrharteae Nevski (1937); III. Tribe Oryzeae Dumort. (1824); III. 1. Subtribe Oryzinae Griseb. (1853); III. 2. Subtribe Zizaniinae Benth. (1881); References; V. Subfamily Bambusoideae Luerss. (1893); Tribes and Subtribes of Bambusoideae; Key to the Genera of Bambusoideae; Group I - Herbaceous bamboos; Group II - Branch complement of two or more subequal branches; Group III - Branch complement with one branch only or one dominant branch and two to many smaller laterals