Flexible automation and intelligent manufacturing : the human-data-technology nexus : proceedings of FAIM 2022, June 19-23, 2022, Detroit, Michigan, USA. Volume 2

This book gathers the second volume of the proceedings of the 31 st edition of the International Conference on Flexible Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing, FAIM 2022, held on June 19 – 23, 2022, in Detroit, Michigan, USA. Covering four thematic areas including Manufacturing Processes, Machine Tools, Manufacturing Systems, and Enabling Technologies, it highlights advances in micro- and nanoscales processes, additive manufacturing, artificial intelligence and robotic applications, human-robot collaboration, as well as quality control, supply chain, industrial monitoring and management strategies. It also discusses important issues related to sustainability, waste management and remanufacturing. All in all, this book provides academicians, engineers and professionals with extensive information on both scientific and industrial advances in the converging fields of manufacturing, production, and automation. Preface FAIM 2022 Organization Contents Manufacturing Processes Electric Pulse Aided Draw-Bending of Ti-6Al-4V 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Details 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Investigation of Multi-material Composite Parts Manufactured by Multi-extrusion FDM Printer 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Equipment 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Enhancing Mechanical Property of Multi-material Printed Object Through Machine-Learning 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Set-Up and Tensile Test 3 Results 3.1 Tensile Test Results 3.2 Machine Learning Programming 4 Conclusion References Study of the Influence of Laser Welding Parameters on the Weld Quality and Microstructure of S355JR Structural Steel 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Thinner Profile Analysis – 8 mm 3.2 Thicker Profile Analysis – 25 mm 4 Conclusion References Optimizing the Ag Filler Metal Content on Brazing of Cu-Stainless Steel Pipes Joints for Carbon Dioxide Refrigeration Plants 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 AISI 304/K65 Brazed Joints 3.2 AISI 316L/K65 Brazed Joints 4 Conclusion References Reflow Thermal Recipe Segment Optimization Model Based on Artificial Neural Network Approach 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Model Construction 3.3 Reflow Recipe Optimization 4 Experiment and Results 4.1 Experimental Environment 4.2 Results Analysis 5 Conclusion and Future Works References Experimental Verification of Knowledge-Based Welding Distortion Estimation Method 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Analysis 4 Conclusions References Use of Fused Filament Fabrication and Stereolithography Methods for the Additive Manufacturing of Horn Antennas 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 2.1 Fused Filament Fabrication Applications 2.2 Stereolithography Applications 2.3 Jetting and Powder Bed Fusion Applications 2.4 Other Applications and Effects of Fabrication Parameters 3 Implementation Approach 4 Conclusion References A Scale-Free Classification Model for Defect Diagnosis in the Pick and Place Machine 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology and Results 3.1 Scale-Free MCDD Model 3.2 Data Pre-processing 3.3 Model Output Analysis 4 Conclusion and Future Work References Effect of Post Weld Heat Treatment on Donor Material Assisted Friction Stir Welding of AA6061-T6 Alloy on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Procedure 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Microstructure 3.2 Micro-hardness 3.3 Tensile test 3.4 Fractography 4 Conclusions References Understanding the Microwire Casting Process Through Convolutional Neural Networks 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Experimentation 2.1 Experimental Setup 2.2 Feature Extraction and Exploratory Data Analysis 3 Convolutional Neural Network Modeling for Microwire Casting 3.1 Defining the Four Fabrication Stages 3.2 Selection of a Pretrained CNN Model 3.3 Results of CNN Image Classification 4 Conclusion References Ontological Knowledge Graph Framework for 4D Printed Product Design: Elongated Homogenous Rod Case 1 Introduction 2 Ontological Graph Representation 2.1 Primitives and Engineering Mechanics 2.2 Knowledge Graphs and Ontological Formalism 3 Demonstration with an Elongated Homogenous Rod Case 4 Conclusion References Development, Microstructural and Mechanical Analysis of Cu-Zn Alloy Produced by Sand Casting Process 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 RSM and CCD Design and Analysis 2.2 The Physical Experimentation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Results from the Numerical Experimentation 3.2 Effect of Temperature Variation on Hardness 3.3 Effect of Zinc Content Variation on Hardness 4 Conclusion References Machine Tools Voronoi Tessellation Application for Controlling Frequency Domain of a Titanium Plate 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Use of Auxetic Infill Structures for the Compensation of Shrinkage in Fused Filament Fabrication Process 1 Introduction 1.1 Dimensional Accuracy of Additively Manufactured Parts 1.2 Use of Auxetic Structures in Additive Manufacturing 2 Proposed Approach and Results 3 Conclusions and Future Works References Graph-Based Analysis of Tool Life Parameters of the Turning Process in Small-Lot Production 1 Introduction 2 Research Method 3 Research 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Milling a Titanium Alloy Using Different Machining Parameters: A Comparative Study on Tool Wear, Tool Life and Performance 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Proposal for a Double-Casing Prototype of a Pedometer for Dairy Cows, Made to Be Interchangeable, Through Numerical Investigation and 3D Modeling of Geometry 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 The Hardware of the Stand-Alone Smart Pedometer (SASP) 2.2 Development Steps of the Casing Design 2.3 The Final Design of the Prototype 2.4 Materials for the Prototype 3 Numerical Analyses 4 Outcomes from FDM Adoption 5 Conclusions References A Regression Model for Tool Wear and Breakage Diagnosis 1 Introduction 2 Machining History Data 3 Regression Model for Machining Load Analysis 4 Concluding Remarks References An Adaptive Control for NC Machining Using Reference Control Load Curves 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Adaptive Control 2.1 Reference Load Control Curve 2.2 Proposed Adaptive Control 3 Experimental Results 3.1 Pilot Test Machining Without Adaptive Control 3.2 Results Using the Proposed Adaptive Control 4 Concluding Remarks References Manufacturing Systems Learned Manufacturing Inspection Inferences from Image Recognition Capabilities 1 Introduction 2 Rationale and Method to Generate Learned Manufacturing Inspection Inferences from Image Recognition Capabilities (LeMIIIRC) 2.1 Schema Design for Assembly Inspection Data 3 Case Study: Assembly of Cable Harnesses 4 Discussion of Results 5 Summary References A Scalable Cloud-Based UAV Fleet Management System 1 Introduction 2 Architecture 2.1 The Drones 2.2 The Central Control System 2.3 Cloud Database 3 Software Demonstration 4 Conclusion References New Recycling Procedure of SMD Components for Reuse in E-Textiles in Accordance to the Green Deal Policy 1 Introduction 2 State of Art 3 Methodology 4 Remanufacturing Method 5 Verification Experiment and Results 6 Conclusion References Wastes Identification Through Kaizen Events: A Case Study in the Automotive Sector 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Continuous Improvement 3 Case Study 3.1 Phase 1: Characterization of the PW 3.2 Phase 2: Overview of the PW Main Outcomes 4 Conclusions References Compact Test Machine for Secondary Packaging 1 Introduction 2 Research Goal 3 Concept 3.1 Test Object 3.2 Mechanical Concept of the Testing Machine 3.3 Creating an Alternating Horizontal Force 3.4 Testing Method 4 Motion Control on a Physical Machine 4.1 Configuration of the Testing Machine 4.2 Control of the Motion of the Testing Machine 5 Implementation and Evaluation 5.1 Setup 5.2 Initial Parameters According to Ziegler–Nichols 5.3 Selection of Optimal Parameters 6 Conclusion References Implementation of Circular Economy in ETO Organisation: Use of Digital Lean and Risk-Based Thinking Perspective 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Literature Overview - Lean, Digitalisation, and CE 4 Risk-Based Approach and Implementation of CE Strategy 5 Case Study 6 Framework 7 Discussions, Conclusions and Future Research References A Lean Digital Approach to After-Delivery Services: A Case Study from the Multi-supplier Retail Industry 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 3 Methodology 4 Case Study 5 Conclusion References Participatory Modelling of Information Technology Equipment Vulnerability Using Causal Loop Analysis 1 Introduction 2 TEMPEST Vulnerabilities 3 Research Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 TEMPEST Vulnerability Factors 4.2 Causal Loop Analysis 4.3 Discussion 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Re-purposing a Welding Frame for a Tube Cutting Machine 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Process Characterization 2.2 Objectives and Requirements 2.3 Work Approach 3 Results 3.1 Final Design 3.2 Analysis Groups 3.3 Manufacturing Processes 3.4 Costs 3.5 Return on Investment 4 Conclusions References Researching Sensors for Dynamic Forces on Cobots 1 Introduction 2 A Multicomponent Dynamometer 2.1 Device 2.2 Measurements 3 Torque Sensing in Robot Joints 3.1 Device Parameters 3.2 Static Measurements 3.3 Dynamic Measurements 4 Results 4.1 Dynamometer 4.2 Torque Sensing in Robot Joints 5 Conclusion References A Methodological Framework to Assess Mental Fatigue in Assembly Lines with a Collaborative Robot 1 Introduction 2 Literature Background 2.1 Cognitive Load and Mental Fatigue 2.2 Task Complexity in Collaborative Scenarios 3 Assessment of Mental Fatigue and Cognitive Load Framework 3.1 Measurement Methods 4 Framework Evaluation Based on Complexity and Cognitive Load Measurements 5 Conclusions References Development of an Affordable Cost Estimation Tool for Machined Parts 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Implementation Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Communication in Decentralized Production Systems – An Analytical Approach 1 Decentralization in Production Processes 2 Decentrality in Production Processes Based on Communication Structures 3 Actor's Autonomy 4 Decentrality of Process Step and Decentrality of Process 5 Simulation Study 6 Conclusion References Improvements in the Warehouse of a Danish Transport and Logistics Company Through a WMS Implementation 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results 5 Discussion and Conclusions References Improving the Layout of the Supply Warehouse to the Land Cruiser 70 Series Assembly Line 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Problem Structuring 3.1 The Company’s Approach 3.2 Problems Detected 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Circular Waste Management by Start-Up Companies in Indonesia Using a Bottom-Up Circular Economy Business Model 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Circular Business Model in Waste Management 2.2 Social Media Analysis to Socialize the Circular Business Model 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Data Analysis 4 Results 4.1 Intra-case Analysis of Start-Up Instagram Accounts 4.2 Inter-case Analysis from All Start-Ups’ Instagram Accounts 5 Conclusions References On the Necessity for Planning and Integration of Manufacturing Tasks to Align with Health Sector Needs and CE Goals: A Systematic Literature Review 1 Introduction 2 Bibliometric Analysis 2.1 Bibliometric Analysis 2.2 Circular Economy in the Healthcare Industry 2.3 Lean Thinking in Supply Chain Management 2.4 Planning and Integration of the Healthcare Supply Chain 3 Result 4 Discussions 5 Conclusion References Increasing Quality Control of Ultrasonically Welded Joints Through Gaussian Process Regression 1 Introduction 2 Machine Learning 2.1 Gaussian Process Regression 2.2 Model Selection 3 Experimental Procedure 3.1 Experimental Data Analysis 4 Results 5 Conclusion Appendix References Prioritization of Industry 4.0 Technologies to Increase Maturity in Lean Manufacturing from the Perspective of Enterprise Interoperability 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Framework 3.1 Diagnostic Evaluations 3.2 Decisional Assessment – PROMETHEE II 4 Analysis of Results 4.1 Diagnostic Approach – AHP 4.2 Diagnostic Approach – DEMATEL 4.3 Decisional Approach – PROMETHEE II 5 Conclusion References Design and 3D Printing Fabrication of a Low-Cost Lightweight Robot Manipulator 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Work 2 Design, Fabrication and Control 2.1 Structural Design 2.2 Topological Optimization 2.3 Fabrication 2.4 Control 3 Experiments and Results 4 Conclusion and Future Work References Multi-agent Based IEC 61499 Function Block Modelling for Distributed Intelligent Automation 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Framework 3.1 IEC 61499 Function Block Model 3.2 Self-manageable Service Model 3.3 AgentEmbedded Function Block Model 4 Proposed Experiment 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Prioritization of Industry 4.0 Technologies Based on Diagnosis and Performance Indicators Associated with Lean Manufacturing Under Interoperability Requirements 1 Introduction 2 Industrial and Scientific Overview 3 Framework 3.1 P1: Identification of the Performance Indicators 3.2 P2: Identification of the Technologies 3.3 E1: Classification of the Technologies 4 Analysis of Results 4.1 P1: Identification of the Performance Indicators 4.2 P2: Identification of the I4.0 Technologies 4.3 E1: Classification of the Technologies 5 Conclusion References Modeling and Simulation to Assess the Role of Culture for Successful Lean Transformations 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 2.1 Theoretical Framework 2.2 Integrating Fuzzy Logic and Agent-Based Modeling 3 Example Application of Fuzzy-Integrated ABM 4 Conclusions and Future Work References Sustainable Industry 4.0 Methodology for Improving SMEs’ Performance 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 The Concepts of Industry 4.0 in the Production Manufacturing 2.2 Organizational Methodologies in the Production Manufacturing 2.3 Performance Measure in the Context of Industry 4.0 2.4 Flexibility in Industry 4.0 2.5 Artificial Intelligence in Industry 4.0 3 Methodology 3.1 Sustainable Framework 3.2 Research-Action Approach 4 Use Cases 4.1 Open Source Software for Interoperable Tools and Ergonomic HMI 4.2 Flexibilizing the 3D Printing Workstation with Mobile Robots 5 Conclusion References Development of an Intelligent System for Supporting the Sustainable Digital Transformation of the SME Supply Chain 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 The Supply Chain 4.0 Context and Sustainability 2.2 Organizational Methodologies 2.3 The Supply Chain 4.0 Technologies 3 Methodology 4 The Decision Aided Tool of the Intelligent System 5 Illustration in SMEs 6 Conclusion References Discussion on Achieving Resistance Spot Welding Knowledge Completion 1 Introduction 2 Related Research 2.1 Knowledge Completion 2.2 Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) 2.3 GNN-Based Knowledge Completion 3 Types of RSW Knowledge 4 Identification of RSW Knowledge Completion Scenarios 5 Discussion on Applicability of GNN-Based KC Method to RSW KC 6 Conclusions and Future Works References CHAIKMAT 4.0 - Commonsense Knowledge and Hybrid Artificial Intelligence for Trusted Flexible Manufacturing 1 Introduction 2 Position of the Project Concerning the Current State of the Art 3 The Methodology Proposed by CHAIKMAT 4.0 3.1 Technical Architecture 3.2 Evaluation Strategy 4 Collaboration Strategy 5 Impact and Benefit of CHAIKMAT 4.0 References Preliminary Manufacturing Cell Design in Digital Factory 1 Introduction 2 The Framework 3 Conceptual and Embodiment Design 3.1 Generic Process Plan Creation 3.2 Process to Machine Tool Mapping and Selection of Best Machine Tool 3.3 Machine Layout Generation and Optimization 4 Case Study 4.1 Process Selection Examples 4.2 Machine Layout Examples 5 Conclusions References Design and Implementation of a New Layout in a New Production Area of a Cork Stopper Factory Following Lean Manufacturing Principles 1 Introduction 2 Lean Manufacturing and Continuous Improvement 2.1 Lean Manufacturing Practices 3 Creation of the Plant Layout 3.1 Machinery Selection and Production Levelling 3.2 Choice of the Transport System 3.3 Safety 4 Results 4.1 Starting the F3 Pavilion 4.2 Productivity of Spark Top One 5 Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Research References On the Necessity for Digital Transformation in Agriculture Supply Chains: A Review from Task, Organization, Behavior, and Application Perspectives 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Research Methodology 4 Research Findings, Reflections and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Diagnosis and TQM Strategies for Improving the Organizational Efficiency of a Consulting Company 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Lean Service Management and Quality Through Knowledge Management 2.2 Performance Measurement in the Commercial Process 2.3 GUT Matrix 3 Methodology 4 Case Study 4.1 Process Analysis Approach 4.2 Problem Identification 4.3 Analysis of Results 4.4 Improvements Proposals 5 Conclusions References Virtual Supply Chain Network Platform Design and Development for Crisis Response 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 The Problem: Response to Crisis 4 Methodology 4.1 Manufacturing Capability Database of Canada 4.2 Library of Product Families 4.3 Requirements Analysis in Response to Emergency Crisis 4.4 Virtual Supply Chain Network Platform 4.5 Optimization and Simulation 5 Conclusion References Dynamic Computer-Aided Process Control with Computer Vision for Industry 4.0 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Machines and Setup 3.2 Fiducials 3.3 Computer Vision and Control 4 Applications 4.1 Process Monitoring 4.2 Part Location and Orientation 4.3 Tool Detection 5 Conclusion References Enabling Technologies Combination of Data-Driven and Physics-Based Models for Thick Sintered Electrode Lithium-Ion Batteries 1 Introduction 2 Model Description 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 P2D Model Predictions 3.2 ML Model Predictions 4 Conclusions References Perceptions of a Digital Twin Application Case in the Auto Industry 1 Introduction 2 Overview 3 Application 3.1 Infrastructure 3.2 Data 3.3 Design 3.4 Software 3.5 Systems Integration 4 First Perceptions 5 Conclusions References Machine Learning for Forecasting and Predicting Failures in Lithium-Ion Batteries 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art 3 Proposed Forecasting Failures 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Quality Control in Remanufacturing: Distinguishing Features and Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Quality Control Methods in Manufacturing 3 Remanufacturing Quality Control 3.1 Remanufacturing Distinctive Characteristics 3.2 Quality Control and Inspection of Remanufacturing 3.3 Tools and Methods 3.4 Quality Control Plan Efficiency 4 Conclusions References Technological Insights of Interoperable Models for Integration of CAD/PLM/PDM and ERP Modules in Engineering Change Management 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 CAD Integration with ERP 2.2 Integration of CAD and ERP System from Industry 4.0 Paradigm 3 Proposed Model for Integration of CAD and ERP Systems 3.1 Conceptual Model 3.2 Workflow Definition of the Model 4 Conclusions and Discussions References Using Blockchain Technology for 3D Printing in Manufacturing of Dental Implants in Digital Dentistry 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Digital Dentistry 2.2 Blockchain Technology 3 Proposed Blockchain Solution for Digital Dentistry 3.1 Conceptual Model for Digital Dentistry Workflow 3.2 Model for Cloud Sharing and Blockchain Manufacturing 4 Conclusions and Discussions References Digital Twin Based Definition (DTBD) Modeling Technology for Product Life Cycle Management and Optimization 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Digital Twin-Based Frameworks and Enabling Technologies 2.2 Improved and Evolutionary Approaches to DT Models 2.3 Fault Diagnosis Methods Based on DTs and Algorithms 3 Digital Twin Based Definition (DTBD) Modeling Technology for Digital Twin Products 3.1 The General Technical Framework of DTBD 3.2 Application Mode and Main Development Steps of DTBD Models 3.3 The Modules and Functions of DTBD Sub-models 3.4 Product Life Cycle Management Mode Based on DTBD Model 4 Conclusions References A Hybrid Architecture of Digital Twin with Decision Support Layer for Industrial Maintenance 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Digital Twin and Maintenance 2.2 Digital Twin and Industrial Decision-Making 3 Conceptual Proposal of a Hybrid Architecture of Digital Twin with a Decision Support Layer for Maintenance 4 Conclusions References Framework for Reducing the Complexity of Programming Robot Skills 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Challenges 4 Identify Domains for Robotic Skills 5 Implementation of the Proposed Framework 5.1 Framework to Reduce Complexity of Implementing Robotic Skills 5.2 Example Skill Implementation 6 Evaluation Criteria for Reduction of Complexity of Domains 6.1 Analyse Domains Used 6.2 Analyse Code Complexity 7 Analysis 7.1 Domains Used 7.2 Code Complexity 8 Conclusion and Future Work References Visualization Concept for Representing Capability Matchmaking Results in a Virtual Environment 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 3 Research Setting 3.1 Capability Matchmaking Result 3.2 Requirements for Visualization 4 Visualization Development 5 Use Case 6 Result and Conclusion References Joint Industrial Preventive Maintenance and Production Scheduling: A Systematic Literature Review 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Quality Control of Die Castings by Machine Vision: A Case Study Exploiting Classic and Machine Learning Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Case Description 3 Algorithms and Implementation 3.1 Distance Measurement of Holes (d1-d4) 3.2 Checking Presence of Inlays (ε1- ε 4) and Side Holes (o1-o2) 3.3 Searching for Cracks (c) 4 Discussion and Conclusions References The Importance of Digital Readiness on Manufacturing SMEs’ Performance Aiming Towards Industry 4.0: A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion and Research Perspectives References Smart Particle Sensing Via Computer Vision for Precise Dedusting with Water Monitors 1 Introduction 1.1 Context of Dedusting in Industrial Processes 1.2 Dedusting with Water Monitors 2 Methodology 3 Results 3.1 Major Findings 3.2 Discussion 4 Conclusion References A Systematic Literature Mapping on the Process Reconfiguration of Smart Manufacturing Systems with the Integration of Multi-criteria Decision Models and Ontology Based Interoperability 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 2.1 Identification 2.2 Eligibility 3 Findings of Published Papers 3.1 Findings on Techniques 3.2 Findings on Opportunities 4 Discussion of Findings 5 Conclusions References Cloud Manufacturing Services Adoption in Higher Education Institutions: Challenges and Framework for Developing Countries 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Education and Advances in Intelligent Manufacturing (IM) 2.2 Challenges in Acquisition of Cloud Services 2.3 Cloud Based Architecture for Education in Fourth Industrial Revolution 3 Methodology 4 Design 5 Conclusion References Facilitating Trust in Food Supply Chains Through Blockchain Technology: A Systematic Review of Considerations for Alternative Food Networks 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 3.1 Descriptive Statistic 3.2 Emerging Themes 4 Blockchain Based Trust Framework for AFNs 5 Conclusion References Intuitive Robot Programming by Capturing Human Manufacturing Skills: A Framework for the Process of Glass Adhesive Application 1 Introduction 2 Architecture 2.1 Capturing Human Skills 2.2 Coordinated Systems and Transformations 3 Experiments and Results 4 Conclusion and Future Work References A Probabilistic Model to Estimate Automated and Manual Visual Inspection Errors 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Definition of Nodes and Data Curation 3.1 Overall Model and Conditional Probabilities 4 Results 4.1 Sensitivity Analysis 5 Summary References Industrial Maintenance and the Digital Twin—An Architectural Assessment 1 Introduction 2 Digital Twin and Maintenance 3 Research Design 4 Maintenance Architectures in Relation to the Digital Twin 4.1 Q1: How is Maintenance Handled by Each Architecture/Model? 4.2 Q2: Advantages of Applying Each Architecture in Relation to Maintenance? 4.3 Q3: How is It Structured and What Are the Main Elements of Each Architecture? 4.4 Q4: How Do Architectures Fit into an Overall Digital Twin Model? 5 Conclusion References A Passive Compliant Gough-Whitehall-Stewart Mechanism for Peg-Hole Disassembly 1 Introduction 2 Modified McCallion Compliant Device 2.1 Approximation Model 3 Numerical Validation Model 4 Sensitivity Analysis 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Taxonomy of Manufacturing Joining Operations Based on Process Characterization 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Ontology-Based Characterization of Joining Operations 4 Classifications of Joining Operations 5 Conclusion References Digital Multiphase Material Microstructures for Image-Based AI Methods 1 Introduction and Background 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Integration of Mixed Reality (MR) and Structural Analysis Towards Industry 4.0 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art 3 Proposed Framework 3.1 Simulation Service 3.2 Cloud Database 3.3 Mixed Reality Application 4 Implementation Guidelines 5 Concluding Remarks and Outlook References Deep Learning-Powered Visual Inspection Using SSD Mobile Net V1 with FPN 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 3.1 Data and Experiment Procedure 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Application of Anomaly Detection Algorithms in Lithium-Ion Battery Packs - A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art 3 Proposed Work 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Prediction of Disc Cutter Replacement of Tunnel Boring Machine Using Denoising Auto Encoder 1 Introduction 2 The Proposed Prediction Framework 2.1 Cutter Health Indexes and Related Parameters 2.2 Prediction of Disc Cutter Replacement Using Denoising Auto Encoder 2.3 The Studied Project 3 Validation and Analysis 3.1 Data Preparation 3.2 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Author Index