First Part of the Royal Commentaries of the Yncas. Volume 1 / Garcillasso de la Vega, Translated by Clements R. Markham

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. Volume 1 of this 1869 English translation contains Books 1-4 of the Royal Commentaries of the Yncas by Garcilaso de la Vega (1539-1616), the son of a Spanish soldier and an Inca princess. Brought up to speak Quechua as well as Spanish, Garcilaso had access through his mother's family to the history and traditions of the Incas, which he recorded in Part 1 of the Royal Commentaries. The posthumously-published Part 2, on the Spanish conquest of Peru, is not included here. Cover......Page 1 Frontmatter......Page 2 INTRODUCTION......Page 12 Dedication......Page 28 PREFACE TO THE READER......Page 32 NOTES TOUCHING THE GENERAL LANGUAGE OF THE INDIANS OF PERU......Page 34 THE FIRST BOOK OF THE ROYAL COMMENTARIES OF THE YNCAS......Page 40 CHAPTER I - WHETHER THERE ARE MANY WORLDS: ALSO TREATING OF THE FIVE ZONES......Page 42 CHAPTER II - WHETHER THERE ARE ANTIPODES......Page 46 CHAPTER III - HOW THE NEW WORLD WAS DISCOVERED......Page 47 CHAPTER IV - THE DERIVATION OF THE WORD "PERU."......Page 54 CHAPTER V - AUTHORITIES IN CONFIRMATION OF THE NAME "PERÙ......Page 57 CHAPTER VI - WHAT A CERTAIN AUTHOR SAYS TOUCHING THIS NAME OF PERU......Page 60 CHAPTER VII - OF OTHER DERIVATIONS OF NEW WORDS......Page 63 CHAPTER VIII - THE DESCRIPTION OF PERU......Page 67 CHAPTER IX - OF THE IDOLATRY OF THE INDIANS AND OF THE GODS THEY WORSHIPPED BEFORE THE TIME OF THE YNCAS......Page 73 CHAPTER X - OF MANY OTHER GODS THAT THEY HAD......Page 76 CHAPTER XI - OF THE MANNER OF THEIR SACRIFICES......Page 77 CHAPTER XII - CONCERNING THE MODE OF LIFE AND GOVERNMENT OF THE ANCIENT PEOPLE, AND OF THE THINGS THEY ATE......Page 80 CHAPTER XIII - HOW THEY DRESSED IN THOSE ANCIENT TIMES......Page 83 CHAPTER XIV - DIFFERENT MODES OF MARRIAGE, AND DIVERS LANGUAGES. HOW THEY USED POISONS AND PRACTISED SORCERY......Page 85 CHAPTER XV - THE ORIGIN OF THE YNCAS KINGS OF PERU......Page 88 CHAPTER XVI - THE FOUNDATION OF CUZCO, THE IMPERIAL CITY......Page 92 CHAPTER XVII - OF THE COUNTRY WHICH WAS BROUGHT UNDER THE RULE OF THE YNCA MANCO CCAPAC......Page 95 CHAPTER XVIII - OF FABULOUS ACCOUNTS OF THE ORIGIN OF THE YNCAS......Page 98 CHAPTER XIX - PROTEST OF THE AUTHOR TOUCHING THE HISTORY......Page 103 CHAPTER XX - THE VILLAGES WHICH THE FIRST YNCA ORDERED TO BE FOUNDED......Page 106 CHAPTER XXI - THE THINGS WHICH THE YNCA TAUGHT TO HIS VASSALS......Page 108 CHAPTER XXII - THE HONOURABLE BADGES WHICH THE YNCA GAVE TO HIS FOLLOWERS......Page 111 CHAPTER XXIII - OF OTHER FASHIONS, AND OF THE NAME OF YNCA......Page 113 CHAPTER XXIV - NAMES BY WHICH THE INDIANS KNEW THEIR KING......Page 117 CHAPTER XXV - OF THE WILL AND DEATH OF THE YNCA MANCO CCAPAC......Page 118 CHAPTER XXVI - OF THE ROYAL NAMES AND THEIR MEANINGS......Page 122 SECOND BOOK OF THE ROYAL COMMENTARIES OF THE YNCAS......Page 126 CHAPTER I - OF THE IDOLATRY OF THE SECOND AGE, AND OF ITS ORIGIN......Page 128 CHAPTER II - THE YNCAS SOUGHT THE TRUE GOD OUR LORD......Page 133 CHAPTER III - THE YNCAS KEPT A IN A SACRED PLACE......Page 137 CHAPTER IV - OF MANY GODS IMPROPERLY ATTRIBUTED TO THE INDIANS BY THE SPANISH HISTORIANS......Page 141 CHAPTER V - OF MANY OTHER MEANINGS OF THE WORD HUACA......Page 146 CHAPTER VI - WHAT AN AUTHOR SAYS CONCERNING THEIR GODS......Page 149 CHAPTER VII - THEY KNEW OF THE IMMORTALITY OF THE SOUL, AND OF THE GENERAL RESURRECTION......Page 153 CHAPTER VIII - OF THE THINGS THAT THEY SACRIFICED TO THE SUN......Page 156 CHAPTER IX - OF THE PRIESTS, RITES, AND CEREMONIES, AND OF THE LAWS ATTRIBUTED TO THE FIRST YNCA......Page 159 CHAPTER X - THE AUTHOR COLLATES HIS OWN STATEMENTS WITH THOSE OF THE SPANISH HISTORIANS......Page 161 CHAPTER XI - THEY DIVIDED THE EMPIRE INTO FOUR DISTRICTS, AND REGISTERED THEIR VASSALS......Page 169 CHAPTER XII - TWO DUTIES WHICH THE DECURIONS PERFORMED......Page 171 CHAPTER XIII - CONCERNING CERTAIN LAWS THAT THE YNCAS INSTITUTED IN THEIR GOVERNMENT......Page 173 CHAPTER XIV - THE DECURIONS GAVE AN ACCOUNT OF THE BIRTHS AND DEATHS......Page 178 CHAPTER XV - THE INDIANS DENY THAT AN YNCA OF THE BLOOD ROYAL HAS EVER COMMITTED ANY CRIME WHATEVER......Page 181 CHAPTER XVI - THE LIFE AND ACTS OF SINCHI ROCA THE SECOND KING OF THE YNCA DYNASTY......Page 184 CHAPTER XVII - LLOQUE YUPANQUI, THIRD KING, AND THE MEANING OF HIS NAME......Page 188 CHAPTER XVIII - TWO CONQUESTS MADE BY THE YNCA LLOQUE YUPANQUI......Page 190 CHAPTER XIX - THE CONQUESTS OF HATUN-COLLA, AND THE ORIGIN OF THE COLLAS......Page 193 CHAPTER XX - THE GREAT PROVINCE OF CHUCUITU IS REDUCED, AS WELL AS MANY OTHER PROVINCES......Page 197 CHAPTER XXI - THE SCIENCES WHICH THE YNCAS HAD ACQUIRED: AND FIRST OF THEIR KNOWLEDGE OF ASTRONOMY......Page 201 CHAPTER XXII - THEY UNDERSTOOD THE MEASUREMENT OF THE YEAR, AND THE SOLSTICES AND EQUINOXES......Page 204 CHAPTER XXIII - THEY OBSERVED THE ECLIPSES OF THE SUN, AND WHAT THEY DID WHEN THOSE OF THE MOON OCCURRED......Page 208 CHAPTER XXIV - THE MEDICINES THEY USED, AND THEIR MANNER OF EFFECTING CURES......Page 211 CHAPTER XXV - OF THE MEDICINAL HERBS THEY USED......Page 214 CHAPTER XXVI - OF THEIR KNOWLEDGE TOUCHING GEOMETRY, ARITHMETIC, AND MUSIC......Page 217 CHAPTER XXVII - THE POETRY OF THE YNCAS AMAUTAS, WHO ARE PHILOSOPHERS, AND HARAVICUS OR POETS......Page 221 CHAPTER XXVIII - OF THE FEW INSTRUMENTS WHICH THE INDIANS USED FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES......Page 228 THIRD BOOK OF THE ROYAL COMMENTARIES OF THE YNCAS......Page 234 CHAPTER I - MAYTA CCAPAC, THE FOURTH YNCA, ANNEXES TIAHUANACU. OF THE EDIFICES THAT WERE FOUND THERE......Page 236 CHAPTER II - HATUNPACASA IS REDUCED, AND THEY CONQUER CAC-YAVIRI......Page 239 CHAPTER III - THE INDIANS WHO SURRENDERED ARE PARDONED. EXPLANATION OF THE FABLE......Page 242 CHAPTER IV - THEY REDUCE THREE PROVINCES AND CONQUER OTHERS.---THEY FORM COLONIES.---THOSE WHO USE POISON ARE PUNISHED......Page 244 CHAPTER V - THE YNCA ACQUIRES THREE NEW PROVINCES, AND CONQUERS IN A VERY HARD FOUGHT BATTLE......Page 248 CHAPTER VI - THOSE OF HUAYCHU SUBMIT, AND ARE MERCIFULLY PARDONED......Page 250 CHAPTER VII - THEY REDUCE MANY TOWNS. THE YNCA ORDERS A BRIDGE OF OSIERS TO BE MADE......Page 252 CHAPTER VIII - MANY NATIONS ARE REDUCED TO SUBMISSION BY THE FAME OF THE BRIDGE......Page 255 CHAPTER IX - THE YNCA ACQUIRES MANY OTHER GREAT PROVINCES, AND DIES IN PEACE......Page 258 CHAPTER X - CCAPAC YUPANQUI, THE FIFTH KING, GAINS MANY PROVINCES IN CUNTI-SUYU......Page 261 CHAPTER XL - THE CONQUEST OF THE AYMARAS. THE CURACAS ARE PARDONED. LANDMARKS ARE FIXED ON THE BOUNDARIES......Page 264 CHAPTER XII - THE YNCA SENDS AN ARMY TO CONQUER THE QUECHUAS. THEY ARE REDUCED TO SUBMISSION, WITH THEIR OWN CONSENT......Page 268 CHAPTER XIII - THEY CONQUER MANY VALLEYS ON THE SEA COAST......Page 271 CHAPTER XIV - TWO GREAT CURACAS REFER THEIR DIFFERENCES TO THE YNCA, AND BECOME HIS SUBJECTS......Page 274 CHAPTER XV - THEY MAKE A BRIDGE OF STRAW AND TWISTED FIBRES OVER THE DESAGUADERO. CHAYANTA IS CONQUERED......Page 280 CHAPTER XVI - OF THE VARIOUS DEVICES OF THE INDIANS FOR CROSSING THE RIVERS, AND FOR FISHING......Page 285 CHAPTER XVII - OF THE CONQUESTS OF FIVE GREAT PROVINCES, BESIDES OTHER SMALLER ONES......Page 290 CHAPTER XVIII - THE PRINCE YNCA ROOCA REDUCES MANY GREAT PROVINCES, INLAND AND ON THE SEA COAST......Page 293 CHAPTER XIX - THEY TAKE INDIANS FROM THE SEA COAST TO COLONISE THE COUNTRY INLAND. THE YNCA CCAPAC YUPANQUI DIES......Page 295 CHAPTER XX - A DESCRIPTION OF THE TEMPLE OF THE SUN, AND OF ITS GREAT RICHES......Page 297 CHAPTER XXI - OF THE CLOISTER OF THE TEMPLE, AND OF THE EDIFICES DEDICATED TO THE MOON, STARS, THUNDER, LIGHTNING AND RAINBOW......Page 301 CHAPTER XXII - THE NAME OF THE HIGH PRIESTS, AND TOUCHING OTHER PARTS OF THE TEMPLE......Page 304 CHAPTER XXIII - THE PLACES FOR THE SACRIFICES AND THE THRESHOLD WHERE THEY TOOK OFF THEIR SANDALS TO ENTER THE TEMPLE. CONCERNING THEIR FOUNTAINS......Page 306 CHAPTER XXIV - OF THE GARDEN OF GOLD, AND OF OTHER COSTLY THINGS IN THE TEMPLE, IN IMITATION OF WHICH THERE ARE MANY OTHERS IN THE TEMPLES OF THAT EMPIRE......Page 309 CHAPTER XXV - OF THE FAMOUS TEMPLE OF TITICACA, AND OF THE FABLES AND ALLEGORIES CONCERNING IT......Page 312 FOURTH BOOK OF THE ROYAL COMMENTARIES OF THE YNCAS......Page 316 CHAPTER I - THE HOUSE OF THE VIRGINS DEDICATED TO THE SUN......Page 318 CHAPTER II - THE RULES AND DUTIES OF THE CHOSEN VIRGINS......Page 320 CHAPTER III - THE VENERATION IN WHICH THE THINGS WERE HELD THAT WERE MADE BY THE CHOSEN VIRGINS; AND THE LAW THAT WAS MADE AGAINST THOSE WHO MIGHT VIOLATE THEM......Page 324 CHAPTER IV - THERE WERE MANY OTHER HOUSES OF VIRGINS. THE STATEMENT RESPECTING THE RIGOROUS LAW IS VERIFIED BY ZARATE......Page 326 CHAPTER V - THE SERVICE AND ORNAMENTS OF THE VIRGINS, AND HOW THEY WERE NEVER GIVEN IN MARRIAGE TO ANY ONE......Page 329 CHAPTER VI - OF THE WOMEN WHO WERE FAVOURED BY THE YNCA......Page 330 CHAPTER VII - OF OTHER WOMEN WHO PRESERVED THEIR VIRGINITY, AND OF THE WIDOWS......Page 332 CHAPTER VIII - HOW THEY USUALLY MARRIED, AND HOW THEY ARRANGED THE WEDDINGS......Page 333 CHAPTER IX - THE PRINCE, WHO WAS THE HEIR, WAS MARRIED TO HIS OWN SISTER, AND OF THE REASONS WHICH THEY GAVE FOR THIS CUSTOM......Page 335 CHAPTER X - DIFFERENT CUSTOMS RELATING TO THE INHERITANCE OF ESTATES......Page 337 CHAPTER XI - THE WEANING, SHEARING, AND NAMING OF CHILDREN......Page 340 CHAPTER XII - THEIR CHILDREN WERE BROUGHT UP WITHOUT ANY CARE......Page 342 CHAPTER XIII - THE LIFE AND EMPLOYMENT OF THE MARRIED WOMEN......Page 345 CHAPTER XIV - HOW THE WOMEN VISITED EACH OTHER, HOW THEY MENDED THEIR CLOTHES, AND HOW THERE WERE PUBLIC WOMEN......Page 347 CHAPTER XV - THE SIXTH YNCA, NAMED YNCA ROCCA, CONQUERS MANY NATIONS, AND AMONG THEM THE CHANCAS AND HANCOHUALLU......Page 349 CHAPTER XVI - OF THE PRINCE YAHUAR-HUACCAC, AND THE MEANING OF HIS NAME......Page 354 CHAPTER XVII - THE IDOLS OF THE INDIANS CALLED ANTIS, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE CHANCAS......Page 357 CHAPTER XVIII - THE REASONING OF THE OLDER MEN, AND HOW THEY RECEIVED THE YNCA......Page 360 CHAPTER XIX - CONCERNING SOME LAWS INSTITUTED BY THE KING YNCA ROCCA, OF THE SCHOOLS HE FOUNDED IN CUZCO, AND SOME SAYINGS WHICH HE UTTERED......Page 363 CHAPTER XX - OF THE YNCA "WEEPING BLOOD," SEVENTH KING, HIS FEARS AND CONQUESTS, AND OF THE DISGRACE OF THE PRINCE......Page 365 CHAPTER XXI - CONCERNING A NOTICE GIVEN TO THE PRINCE BY AN APPARITION, WHICH HE WAS TO DELIVER TO HIS FATHER......Page 368 CHAPTER XXII - THE CONSULTATIONS OF THE YNCA, TOUCHING THE STORY OF THE APPARITION......Page 371 CHAPTER XXIII - THE REBELLION OF THE CHANCAS, AND TOUCHING THEIR FORMER DEEDS......Page 373 CHAPTER XXIV - THE YNCA FLIES FROM THE CAPITAL, WHICH IS SAVED BY THE PRINCE......Page 376 INDEX......Page 380 The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available early accounts of exploration. This volume (1869) contains an English translation of Books 5-9 of the Royal Commentaries of the Yncas, by Garcilaso de la Vega (1539-1616), the son of a Spanish soldier and an Inca princess. The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available early accounts of exploration. This volume (1869) contains an English translation of Books 1-4 of the Royal Commentaries of the Yncas, by Garcilaso de la Vega (1539-1616), the son of a Spanish soldier and an Inca princess.