Fibre Reinforced Concrete: Improvements and Innovations II: X RILEM-fib International Symposium on Fibre Reinforced Concrete (BEFIB) 2021 (RILEM Bookseries Book 36)

This volume highlights the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC), as presented by scientists and engineers at the RILEM- fib X International Symposium on Fibre Reinforced Concrete (BEFIB), held in Valencia, Spain, on September 20-22, 2021. It discusses a diverse range of topics concerning FRC: technological aspects, nanotechnologies related with FRC, mechanical properties, long-term properties, analytical and numerical models, structural design, codes and standards, quality control, case studies, Textile-Reinforced Concrete, Geopolymers and UHPFRC. After the symposium postponement in 2020, this new volume concludes the publication of the research works and knowledge of FRC in the frame of BEFIB from 2020 to 2021 with the successful celebration of the hybrid symposium BEFIB 2021. The contributions present traditional and new ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration between different specialists. Preface Organization Committees Organising Committee Scientific Committee Institutions Organised by Supporting Associations Exhibitors Gold Exhibitor Silver Exhibitors Bronze Exhibitors Affiliate Contents RILEM Publications RILEM Proceedings (PRO) Technological Aspects Effects of Fly Ash Content and Curing Age on High Temperature Residual Compressive Strength of Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Mixture Compositions 2.2 Specimen Preparation 2.3 Heating Protocol 2.4 Mechanical Testing Procedure 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Weight Loss 3.2 Compressive Strength 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Optimization of Functionally Graded Concretes Incorporating Steel Fibres and Recycled Aggregates Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Materials 2.2 Mixes and Production 2.3 Test Methods 2.3.1 Bending Test 2.3.2 Compressive Test 2.3.3 Inductive Test 3 Results and discussion 3.1 Bending Test 3.2 Compressive Test 3.3 Inductive Test 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Mix Proportioning of Fiber Reinforced Self-compacting Concrete Adopting the Compressible Packaging Method: Comparison of Two Methods Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Test for Determining the Experimental Compactness of Grains 2.2 Calculation of Compactness Using the De Larrard (1999) Method 2.3 Calculation of Compactness Using the Yu et al. (1993) Method 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Compactness Between the Approaches Proposed by Yu et al. (1993) and by De Larrard (1999) 3.1.1 Steel Fibers 3.1.2 Synthetic Durasteel Fiber 4 Conclusions References Influence of Steel Fibers on Damage Induced by Alkali-Silica Reaction of Concrete with Reactive Sudbury Aggregates Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Longitudinal Expansion 3.2 Dynamic Elastic Modulus 3.3 Damage Rating Index (DRI) 3.4 Compressive Strength and Static Modulus of Elasticity 3.5 Flexural Tensile Strength 4 Summary and Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments References Mechanical Properties Effect of Alkali Treatment to Improve Fiber-Matrix Bonding and Mechanical Behavior of Sisal Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Processing 2.1 Sisal Fibers 2.2 Matrix 2.3 Specimens Preparations 3 Experimental Testing Procedure 3.1 Microstructural Analysis 3.2 Direct Tensile Tests 3.3 Single Fiber Pullout Tests 3.4 Bending Tests 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Microstructural Analysis 4.2 Direct Tensile Tests 4.3 Single Fiber Pullout Tests 4.4 Bending Tests 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Drop-Weight Impact Test for Fibre Reinforced Concrete: Analysis of Test Configuration Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Test Method 3 Parametric Study 4 Results 5 Correction Method 6 Numerical Study 6.1 Computational Model Overview 6.2 Computational Model Validation 6.3 Parametric Study Simulations 7 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Influence of Specimen Size for Impact Testing of Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite by Charpy Test Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials and Mixture Manufacturing 2.2 Testing Procedure 3 Results 3.1 Mechanical Behaviour 3.2 Impact Tests 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References The Effect of Organic Fiber Hybridization on Fresh and Hardened Concrete Properties Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Materials 2.2 Concrete Mix Design 2.3 Test Protocol and Measurements 2.3.1 Workability 2.3.2 Rheological Measurement 2.3.3 Tribological Measurement 2.3.4 Mechanical Strength Measurement 2.3.5 Elastic Modulus Measurement 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of PPF Hybridization on Fresh Properties 3.2 Effect of PPF Mixed Length on Hardened Properties 4 Conclusions References The Antifragility of FRC in the Crack Pattern of Reinforced Concrete Ties Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Modelling the Transfer Length in RC Ties 3 The Experimental Campaign 3.1 Test Results 4 A Way to Predict the Experimental Results 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Fatigue of Plastic Fibre Reinforced Concrete in Bending: Assessment and Prediction Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Procedures 2.1 Mix Design, Casting and Curing Procedures 2.2 Testing Procedures 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Flexural Response Under Monotonic Load 3.2 Remaining Residual Flexural Strength After the Fatigue Test 4 Conceptual Model for Crack Evolution 5 Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments References Fatigue of Cracked Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Subjected to Bending Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Procedures 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Fatigue Test 3.2 Cyclic Creep Curves 3.3 Probabilistic Approach 3.3.1 S–N Curves 3.3.2 Weibull Distribution 3.3.3 Mathematical Method: McCall Model 3.3.4 Comparison Between Probabilistic Methods 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Direct Tensile Tests of Supercritical Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Specimen 2.1 Shaping 2.2 Fabrication 3 Design of Test Set-Up 3.1 Assembly 3.2 Measurement Instrumentation 4 Results 4.1 Qualification of the Test Set-Up 4.1.1 Centring 4.1.2 Slip 4.2 Stress-Crack Opening 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Uniaxial Tension Tests of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete with AE Monitoring Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Research and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Test Specimens 2.3 Test Setup and Loading Pattern 2.4 Acoustic Emission (AE) Monitoring 2.5 AE Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 SFRC Behaviour in Function of Fibre Characteristics 3.2 AE Behaviour in Function of Fibre Characteristics 3.3 Damage Development During Loading Cycles 3.4 Micro- and Macro-cracking Development 3.5 Damage Initiation and Localisation in Relation to the Fibre Positions 3.6 Prediction of Tensile Behaviour and Strength 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References An Experimental Study on the Flexural Fatigue Behaviour of Pre-cracked Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Framework 2.1 Material Properties and Concrete Mix 2.2 Specimen Preparation 2.3 Test Setup 2.4 Loading Regime 3 Test Results and Discussion 3.1 Static Tests 3.2 Fatigue Tests 3.3 X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) Scans 4 Conclusion References Experimental Study on Punching Shear Strength of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Slabs Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Materials 2.2 Slab Specimens and Testing Procedure 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Cracks and Failure Mode 3.2 Load-Deflection Response 3.3 Deflection Profile 4 Conclusions References Mechanical and Fracture Behaviour of an HPFRC Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Test Program 2.1 Concrete Phase Design 2.2 Composite Design 2.3 Mixing Procedure and Test Methods 3 Workability Results 4 WST Results 4.1 Single Fibre Mixtures 4.2 Binary Fibre Mixtures 4.3 Ternary Fibre Mixtures 4.4 Selected Mixture 5 Mechanical Behaviour of Selected Mixture 5.1 Compressive Strength and Elasticity Modulus 5.2 Three-Point Bending Test 5.3 Evaluation of \upsigma-w Relationship 6 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Property Assessment of Self-compacting Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Materials, Mixture Proportions and Preparation of Specimens 2.2 Test Set-Up 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Fresh Properties 3.2 Compressive Strength 3.3 Splitting Tensile Strength 3.4 Flexural Strength 3.5 Toughness 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Influence of Steel Fibers and Casting Direction on the Bond Between Concrete and Reinforcement Bars Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Materials 2.2 Mix Proportions and Mixing 2.3 Specimen Preparation 2.4 Testing 3 Results 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Evaluation of Behavior of the Joint Between Two Concrete Layers During Splitting Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Untreated Joint, Concrete Without Fibers 3.2 Treated Joint, Concrete Without Fibers 3.3 Treated Joint, SFRC 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Short-Term Effects of Moderate Temperatures on the Mechanical Properties of Steel and Macrosynthetic Fiber Reinforced Concretes Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Mix Design and Fiber Specifications 2.1.1 Concrete Control Properties 2.2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Temperature Effect on Compression Strengths. 3.2 Temperature Effect on Residual Flexural Strengths 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Residual Flexural Strength of SFRC: A Multivariate Perspective Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Dataset of SFRC Mix Designs 3 Modelling of the Residual Flexural Strength 4 Analysis of the Fitted Model 4.1 Fibre Content and Aspect Ratio 4.2 Fibre Length and Maximum Aggregate Size 4.3 Additions and Total Aggregate Content 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Dynamic Behaviour of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Plates Under Gun Fire and Free Fall Tests Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Test Specimens 3 Gun Fire Test 3.1 Test Stand 3.2 Evaluation and Results 4 Free Fall Test 4.1 Test Stand 4.2 Evaluation and Results 5 Gun Fire and Free Fall Test in Comparison 6 Conclusion Acknowledgement References Spinability and Characteristics of Particle-Shell PP-bicomponent Fibers for Crack Bridging in Mineral-Bonded Composites Abstract 1 Introductions 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Fiber Manufacturing 2.3 Characterization Methods 2.3.1 Fiber Morphology 2.3.2 Single-fiber Tension Test 2.3.3 Single-Fiber Pull-Out Test 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Surface Structure of Bicomponent Fibers 3.2 Mechanical Properties 3.3 Quasi-static and Dynamic Single-Fiber Pull-Out 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Damage of Fracture Properties of Polyolefin Fibre Reinforced Concrete Under High Temperature Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program and Results 2.1 Fibre Characterisation 2.2 Characterisation of Fibre Reinforced Concrete 2.2.1 Fracture Energy 2.2.2 Residual Flexural Tensile Strengths 3 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Evaluation of the Inertia Force in Compressive Impact Loading on Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Procedure 2.1 Materials 2.2 Static Tests 2.3 Impact Tests 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Failure Patterns and Fracture Surfaces 3.2 Mechanical Properties 3.3 Effect of Inertia in Impact Loading 4 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Long-Term Properties International Round-Robin Test on Creep Behaviour of FRC - Part 2: An Overview of Results and Preliminary Conclusions Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Round-Robin Test Introduction and Overview 3 Creep Test Procedure and Methodologies 4 Data Collection Definition 4.1 Creep Stage 4.2 Post-creep Stage 5 Round-Robin Test Results 5.1 Flexural Creep Tests Procedure on Prismatic Specimens 5.2 Direct Tension Creep Tests Procedure 5.3 Square Panel Creep Tests Procedure 5.4 Round Panel Creep Tests Procedure 6 Parameters Analysed 6.1 Main Variables of the RRT 6.2 Analysis of Each Methodology 6.2.1 Flexural Creep Tests on Prismatic Specimens 6.2.2 Direct Tension Creep Tests 6.2.3 Flexural Creep Tests on Both Square and Round Panels 6.3 Procedure and Equipment Variability in the Methodologies 6.4 Procedure Aspects Influencing All Methodologies 6.5 Creep Coefficients 6.6 Crack Opening Rate 7 Preliminary Conclusions Acknowledgements References Evaluation of Creep and Shrinkage of Patented Mixture of UHPC with Applied Heat-Treatment Abstract 1 Rheological Properties of UHPC 1.1 Curing UHPC with Heat-Treatment 1.2 Experimental Measurement of Patented UHPC Mixture 1.3 Model B4 1.4 Model B4 Limitation and Proposed Adaptations 1.4.1 Concrete Compressive Strength 1.4.2 Curing Temperature 1.4.3 Water to Cement Ratio 1.4.4 Adjustment of Drying Shrinkage Calculation 1.5 Model B4 Calibration 2 Results 2.1 Shrinkage 2.2 Creep 3 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Cracking Behaviour of FRC Members Reinforced with GFRP Bars under Sustained Loads Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Programme 2.1 Materials and Mix Designs 2.2 Flexural Tests 2.3 Testing Procedure 3 Experimental Results and Discussion 3.1 Characterisation Test Results 3.2 Influence of Fibres on the Cracking Load and Crack Width 3.3 Influence of Fibres on the Crack Spacing 4 Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgements References Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Temperature Variations on Macro-synthetic Fibre Reinforced Concrete Short and Long Term Behaviour Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Experimental Campaign 2.1 Materials 2.2 Short-Term Tests 2.3 Long-Term Tests 3 Results 3.1 Compressive Tests 3.2 Short Term Flexural Tests 3.3 Long Term Flexural Tests 4 Conclusions References Short and Long Term Behaviour of Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Concrete Beams with Minimum Steel Reinforcement Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Short-Term Tests 2.2 Long-Term Tests 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Short-Term Testing Results 3.2 Long-Term Testing Results 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Analytical and Numerical Models Computational Mesoscale Modeling for the Mechanical Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology for 2D Mesoscale Model 3 Results 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Numerical Multi-level Model for Fibre Reinforced Concrete: Validation and Comparison with Fib Model Code Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Modeling of Steel Fibre Reinforced concrete 2.1 Multi-level FRC Model 2.2 Fib Model Code 2010 Approach 3 Experimental Validation 3.1 Fibre Scale: Single Fibre Pull-Out 3.2 Crack Scale: Uniaxial Tension Tests 3.3 Structural Scale: 3-Point-Bending Tests on Notched Beams with Different Fibre Contents 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Isotropy-Based Analytical Model to Estimate the Residual Strength of FRC Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Model 2.1 General Overview 2.2 Position and Orientation of the Fibres 2.3 Direction of the Fibres and Degrees of Isotropy 2.4 Pull-out Behaviour 3 Analysis of the Post-cracking Strength 3.1 Experimental Program 3.2 Results of the Analytical Model 3.2.1 Influence of the Content of Fibres 3.2.2 Influence of the Geometry 3.2.3 Influence of the Degree of Isotropy 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Different Approaches for FEM Modelling of Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Continuum-Based Modelling 2.1 Homogenization-Based Approach 2.2 Individual-Based Approach 3 Lattice Models 3.1 Lattice Equivalent Continuum Model (LECM) 3.2 Discrete Lattice Model 3.3 Rigid-Body Lattice Model 4 Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements References Exploring the Performance of a Single Panel SFRC Slab Under a Point Load with Fe Analysis Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Load-Displacement Diagrams 3.2 Strength 3.3 Ductility 3.4 Deflected Shapes 4 Conclusions References An Analytical Study of Shear Transfer Mechanisms in Macro-synthetic Fibre Reinforced Concrete Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Campaign 3 Analytical Model 3.1 Shear Transfer Mechanism Acting in a FRC Open Crack 3.2 Numerical Implementation of the Model 4 Results 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Creep of Macro Synthetic Fibre Reinforced Concrete: Experimental Results and Numerical Model Calibration Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Campaign 2.1 Material Properties 2.2 Set-Up Adopted 2.3 Experimental Results 3 Numerical Approach 3.1 LDPM and LDPM-F Calibration 3.2 M-LDPM Calibration 3.3 Fibre Viscoelasticity Calibration 3.4 Calibration of the Numerical Model: Simulation of Uniaxial Tensile Tests 4 Conclusions References Statistical Modelling of Flexural Fatigue Response of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Objective and Scope 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Composition 3.2 Statistical Analysis 4 Results and Discussion 5 Research Significance 6 Conclusions References Numerical Modeling of the Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Behavior Under Combined Tensile and Shear Loading by a Micromechanical Model Taking into Account Fiber Orientation Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Micromechanical Model of a Single Fiber Under Combined Opening and Sliding 2.1 Pullout Mechanism of a Single Fiber 2.2 Consideration of Shear Sliding 2.3 Distribution of Fiber Orientations 3 Shear/Normal Bridging Stress Under Opening/Sliding Relations 4 Shear Transfer along the Crack Surface 5 Effect of Micromechanical Parameters 6 Discussion and Conclusion References Predicting the Residual Flexural Strength of Concrete Reinforced with Hooked-End Steel Fibers: New Empirical Equations Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Database 3 Proposed Predictive Equations and Effectiveness Assessment 4 Concluding Remarks References Structural Design Design and Performance of a Precast Bridge Barrier with Ultra-high Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Design and Concept of the Hybrid Precast Barrier 2.2 Finite Element Modelling 2.3 Experimental Program 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Characterization Specimens 3.2 Experimental and Numerical Results 3.3 Validation of the Behaviour of the Precast Hybrid Barrier According to the CSA-S6 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Shear Behaviour of V-shape Webbed Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Beams Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Framework 2.1 Materials 2.2 Mechanical Properties 2.3 Beam Details and Test Setup 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Shear Strengths 3.2 Shear Cracking 4 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Punching Shear Resistance of SFRC Flat Slabs with and Without Punching Shear Reinforcement Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 General 2.2 Test Specimens and Reinforcement Layout 2.3 Material Properties 2.4 Test Setup and Measurements 3 Results of the Experiments 3.1 General 3.2 Load-Deflection Behaviour 3.3 Cracking Pattern 4 Summary and conclusion Acknowledgements References Elevated Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Slabs and the Hybrid Alternative: Design Approach and Parametric Study at Ultimate Limit State Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Flexural Strength of SFRC and HRC 3 Yield Line Analysis for Slabs 4 Design of FRC and HRC Flat Slab at ULS 4.1 Geometry of Structure and Top/bottom Reinforcement Layouts 4.2 Parametric Study of SFRC/HRC Solutions 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Shear Behavior of Hollow-Core Slabs Reinforced by Macro-synthetic Fibers Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Specimen Geometry and Reinforcement Details 2.2 Material Properties 2.3 Test Set-Up and Instrumentation 3 Experimental Results and Discussion 4 Comparison Against Code Predictions 5 Conclusion Remarks References How Can We Verify Structural Members Made of FRC Only? Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Verification Procedure 2.1 Method Description 2.2 Verification of Different FRC Members 3 Worked Example: Minimum Performance of FRC in a Flexural Member 4 Concluding Remarks References Codes and Standards Eurocode 2 – Annex L – European Harmonized Standard for Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Abstract 1 Introduction and Organization of the Work 2 Scope of Eurocode 2 – Annex L 3 Performance Classes 4 Constitutive Laws 5 Orientation and Size Factors 6 Durability of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete 7 Ductility of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete and Structural Design 8 Ultimate Limit States 8.1 The Influence of Fibres on Shear 8.2 The Influence of Fibres on Torsion 8.3 The Influence of Fibres on Punching 9 Serviceability Limit State 10 Requirements for Special Concrete Structures 11 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Reliability of Shear Strength Models for Fibre Reinforced Concrete Members Without Shear Reinforcement Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Models and Assessment of Model Error 2.1 Model Code 2010 Models for Shear Strength of FRC Members Without Shear Reinforcement 2.1.1 Model MC2010-A 2.1.2 Model MC2010–B 2.2 Database of Experimental Results for Model Error Assessment 2.3 Calculation of Model Errors 3 Partial Safety Factor Calibration 3.1 Design Set and Probability Analysis 3.2 Calibration of the Partial Safety Factor γc in Model MC2010-A and γF in Mode MC2010-B 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Yield Line Design for SFRC Elevated Slabs Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Eurocode Design Rules 3 Elevated Slabs Case Studies 3.1 CASE A: Centrally Loaded Slab with Supports in the Corners 3.2 CASE B: Centrally Loaded Slab with Supports at Mid-Span of Each Side 3.3 CASE C: Real Scale Elevated Slab on Columns 3.4 CASE D: Simply Supported Circular Slab Centrally Loaded 4 Yield Line Design Approach 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Review Code Provisions for Shear Strength in Prestressed FRC Members: A Critical Review Abstract 1 Introduction 2 EC2 Annex L and Model Code 2020 Provisions for Shear Strength 3 Database of Shear Tests 4 Shear Formulations Assessment 5 Conclusions References A Short Review on the Utilization of Basalt Fibres in Concrete Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Manufacturing Process 3 Past Studies on the Usage of Basalt Fibres in Concrete 3.1 Workability 3.2 Mechanical Properties of Concrete 3.3 Durability Properties of Concrete 4 Conclusions References Quality Control Using Energy Absorption Capacity to Determine Residual Resistances of FRC Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Flexural Toughness and Equivalent Strength 3 Energy Absorption Capacity 4 Experimental Details 4.1 Properties of Tested FRC 4.2 Three-Point Bending Tests Results 4.3 Square Panel Test Results 5 Relationship Between fRj and E25 6 Conclusions Acknowlegements References Case Studies: Structural and Industrial Applications Use of Steel-Fibre Reinforced Concrete to Extend Service Life of Temporary Safety Concrete Barriers Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Experimental Program 2.2 Material Properties 2.3 Experimental Procedures 2.4 Method for On-Site Evaluation of Full-Scale Concrete Safety Barriers 3 Experimental Results and Discussion 3.1 Fresh State and Compressive Properties 3.2 Flexural and Shear Quasi-static Behaviours 3.3 Flexural and Shear Pseudo-dynamic Behaviours 3.4 On-Site Evaluation of Full-Scale Temporary Safety Concrete Barrier 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References A Fiber Reinforced Concrete for a Nuclear Waste Container Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Numerical Analysis 2.1.1 Numerical Analysis of the Caisson 2.1.2 Numerical Analysis of EN 14651 and ASTM C1550 2.2 Experimental Program 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Numerical Analysis 3.2 Experimental Program – Phase 1 3.3 Experimental Program – Phase 2 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Design and Execution of Floors on Ground and Industrial Pavements with Fibre Reinforced Concrete Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Requirements for Industrial Floors 3 Shrinkage Compensating Fibre Reinforced Concrete 4 Selected Cases 4.1 Case 1: Logistic Facility (2017) – Shrinkage-Compensating-Fibre-Reinforced Concrete Floor on a Poor Soil 4.2 Case 2: Logistic Facility (2019) - Shrinkage Compensating Fibre Reinforced Concrete Floor in a Robotic Storage System 4.3 Case 3: Loads Transfer Centre in Buenos Aires City (2015) – Synthetic Fibre Reinforced Concrete Pavement in a Huge Heavy-Duty Industrial and Trucking Facility 4.4 Case 4: Warehouse in the Coast of the Rio De La Plata River (2019) – Synthetic Fibre Reinforced Concrete Floor with Slabs Gently Deformed by the Loads 5 Concluding Remarks References Design Optimization of Fibres Reinforced Concrete Railway Tracks by Using Non-linear Finite Elements Analysis Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Effect of the Local Reinforced Rebars 2.1 Finite Elements Mesh 2.2 Numerical Model 2.2.1 Probabilistic Explicit Cracking Model of Concrete 2.2.2 Probabilistic Explicit Cracking Model of Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) 2.2.3 Rebars and Concrete/Steel Bond Modelling 2.3 Non-linear numerical simulations 2.3.1 Carbone Footprint Evaluations 2.4 Classical Solution 2.5 Mixed Solution 3 Conclusions References Elevated Flat Slab of Fibre Reinforced Concrete Non-linear Simulation up to Failure Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Modelling of FRC 3 Experimental Model Validation 4 Case Study 4.1 Model Description 4.2 Results 4.3 Structural Safety 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References TBM Thrust on Fibre Reinforced Concrete Precast Segment Simulation Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Modelling of FRC 3 Experimental Model Validation 3.1 FRC Blocks Subjected to Concentrated Loads 3.2 Precast Curved Segment Subjected to Concentrated Loads 4 Parametric Study 4.1 Materials 4.2 Model Description 5 Results 5.1 Centred Thrust on FRC Segment 5.2 Eccentric Thrust on FRC Segment 5.3 Thrust on Hybrid Reinforcement Segment 6 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Design, Specification and Failure Investigation of Fibre Reinforced Concrete Ground Bearing Industrial Floors and Hardstandings and Pile Suspended Industrial Ground Floors Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Ground Bearing Industrial Floors 3 Hardstandings 3.1 Design Guidance for Unreinforced and bar Reinforced Hardstandings 3.2 Design Guidance for FRC Hardstandings Based on TR34 Second Edition 3.3 Design Guidance for FRC Hardstandings Based on TR34 Third Edition 3.4 Design Guidance for FRC Hardstandings Based on Equivalent Bending Capacity 3.5 Summary Analysis of FRC Pavement Design Methods 4 Pile Suspended Industrial Ground Floors 4.1 Design Guidance and Methodologies 4.2 Full-Scale Load Test on FRC Pile Suspended Ground Floor 4.3 Back Calculation of Bending Capacity from Full-Scale Load Test 4.4 Application of Full-Scale Load Test Results to Other Slabs 4.4.1 Design Details 4.4.2 Required Capacity of Second Slab 4.4.3 Second Slab Global Factor of Safety 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Self-compacting Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete: Material Characterization and Real Scale Test up to Failure of a Pile Supported Flat Slab Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Characterization of SFRC 2.1 Development of SFRC Mixes 2.2 Analysis of SFRC Properties in the Fresh State 2.3 Analysis of SFRC Properties in the Hardened State 2.3.1 Compressive Strength and Young Modulus 2.3.2 Residual Tensile Strength 3 Real Scale Testing of SFRC Flat Slab 3.1 Previous Experiences and Construction of SFRC Prototype 3.2 Loading of SFRC Prototype 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Structural Behavior of Precast Tunnel Segments Reinforced by Macro-synthetic Fibers During Temporary Loading Phases Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Specimen Geometry 2.2 Reinforcement Solutions of Precast Tunnel Segments 2.3 Material Properties 3 Experimental Results 3.1 Flexural Tests 3.1.1 Test Set-Up and Instrumentation 3.1.2 Experimental Results of Flexural Tests 3.2 Point Load Tests 3.2.1 Test Set-Up and Instrumentation 3.2.2 Experimental Results of Point Load Tests 4 Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements References Fibre Reinforced Cement Sheaths for Zonal Isolation in Oil Wells – Quantification and Mitigation of Shrinkage-Induced Cracking Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Materials and Specimen Preparation 2.2 Experimental Setup 2.3 Data Processing and Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Age at Cracking – Verification of DIC Data 3.2 Crack Distribution and Widths 3.3 Summary and Engineering Implications 4 Conclusions References Recent FRC Developments in Uruguay: Quality Control, Durability and Three Structural Applications Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Simple Characterization of FRC: Montevideo Test (MVD) 3 Reinforcment Corrosion of FRC Under a Chloride Environment 4 Experimental Evaluation of the Orientation Factor in SFRC Elevated Slab 5 Sprayed FRC for Masonry Vault Systems 6 Precast Concrete Sandwich Panels 7 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Large-Scale Pressure-Swelling Tests on Panels Made of Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites with Different Bedding Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Material and Experimental Setup 2.1 Material 2.2 Experimental Setup 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Test Results Plate I and II 3.2 Test Results Plate III and IV 3.3 Fracture Surface 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References SFRC Underwater Slab for the Potsdamer Platz (PP) Berlin Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Construction of the Site 3 Laboratory Tests 4 Field Test 5 Closing Remarks References Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Concrete for the Structural Panels of the Pavillions of the Motril Port (Spain) Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Project Background 3 Structural and PPFRC Design for the Prototype 4 Prefabrication and Building Process 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Use of Macro Synthetic Fibre in Segmental Tunnels Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Segment Research Project at the University of Brescia 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Material Characterization 2.3 Full Scale Segment Testing 2.4 Flexural Performance of Full Scale Segments 2.5 Point Load Tests on Full Scale Segments 2.6 Conclusions of the Research Program 3 Project References 3.1 Harefield to Southall Gas Transfer Tunnel, UK (2008) 3.2 General Interceptor Collector Santoña-Laredo-Colindres, Spain (2016) 3.3 Blacksnake Creek Stormwater Runoff Tunnel, USA (2019) 3.4 Conclusions from the Reference Projects References Design and Verification of Elevated Slabs Made with Hybrid Reinforced Concrete: Case Studies Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Design Procedure 2.1 Preliminary Design 2.2 Verification 3 Case Studies 3.1 Effect of Shrinkage on Design of a FRC Elevated Slab 3.2 Design of a Slab Floor Located in an Office Building 4 Concluding Remarks References A New Sustainability Assessment Method for Façade Cladding Panels: A Case Study of Fiber/Textile Reinforced Cement Sheets Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Model Design 2.1 Requirements Tree 2.2 Assignation of Weights for Each Parameter 2.3 Establish Value Functions for Each Parameter 2.4 Assess the Sustainability Index (SI) 3 Summary and Discussion Acknowledgement References Validation Testing of Precast Tunnel Lining Segments Using Polymeric Fibers Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Research Objectives 3 FRC Design Codes, Standards and Recommendations 4 Materials Characterization Tests 5 Experim This volume highlights the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC), as presented by scientists and engineers at the RILEM-__fib__ X International Symposium on Fibre Reinforced Concrete (BEFIB), held in Valencia, Spain, on September 20-22, 2021. It discusses a diverse range of topics concerning FRC: technological aspects, nanotechnologies related with FRC, mechanical properties, long-term properties, analytical and numerical models, structural design, codes and standards, quality control, case studies, Textile-Reinforced Concrete, Geopolymers and UHPFRC.