Fertilizers And Environment: Proceedings Of The International Symposium Fertilizers And Environment Held In Salamanca, Spain, 26-29, September, 1994 (developments In Plant And Soil Sciences)

Food production remains the highest agricultural priority, subject to the constraint that it be done in harmony with nature, or at least with minimum environmental pollution. The amount of fertilizer applied can be controlled using modern application techniques, including soil and crop management, guaranteeing higher economic profit and lower environmental cost. It is in such a context that the present book addresses the efficient and rational use of mineral and organic fertilizers while preserving environmental quality. The book discusses the impact on surface and groundwaters, soils and crops, and experience of nitrate leaching, denitrification, ammonia volatilization, heavy metal pollution, agricultural and urban waste management, and international and national legislation. __Audience:__ Agronomists, environmentalists, soil and food chemists, ecologists, policy makers, and managers in the fertilizer industry concerned with the trend of public opinion. Front Matter....Pages i-xiv Opening Speech....Pages 3-4 Heavy metal contaminants in inorganic and organic fertilizers....Pages 5-11 The present situation of fertilizer production and use in the world....Pages 13-18 Higher and better yields with less environmental pollution in Egypt through balanced fertilizer use....Pages 19-22 Fertigation for minimizing environmental pollution by fertilizers....Pages 23-25 The agronomical and physiological efficiency of nitrogen applied for arable crops in Poland....Pages 27-30 Nitrogen balances in long-term field experiments....Pages 31-37 The effect of fertilizers on maize yield under two tillage systems....Pages 39-41 Effect of some nutrients on yield and composition of sugar beet grown in highly calcareous soil....Pages 43-45 Nitrogen losses and yield of cauliflower....Pages 47-49 The effect of calcium fertilization and liming on the soil improvement and grain yield of winter wheat, corn and soybean....Pages 51-54 Use of fertilizers in Russia is a factor of soil productivity....Pages 55-61 The fertilizer productive action and soil nutrient balance determination....Pages 63-64 Principles of forest fertilisation — illustrated by New Zealand experience....Pages 65-73 The effect of Al and Mn on growth and mineral composition of Casuarina equisetifolia Forst....Pages 75-81 Nutrient cycling and sustainability....Pages 83-87 Effect of different rates of N-fertilizers on nodulation, nodule activities and growth of two field grown cvs. of soybean....Pages 89-93 Impact of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium on the growth and P, N and Fe uptake by faba-bean....Pages 95-100 Fertilisation balances in two agriculturally used water catchment areas....Pages 101-108 Tillage (plowing, subsoiling and no-tillage) effect on soil erodibility....Pages 109-113 Tillage (plowing, subsoiling and no-tillage) effects on soil erodibility....Pages 115-119 Effect of time and rate of nitrogen application on cotton....Pages 121-125 Stimulation of nodulation, nitrogen fixation and plant growth of faba bean by cobalt and copper additions....Pages 127-130 The role of inorganic fertilizers and their management practices....Pages 131-149 Suitability of North Carolina natural phosphate to Polish agriculture....Pages 151-154 Improvement of leguminous vegetables production in calcareous soil by addition of some acidifying materials....Pages 155-159 Nitrogen fertilization management in orchards to reconcile productivity and environmental aspects....Pages 161-170 Natural radioactivity in phosphate fertilizers....Pages 171-175 Coordinated phosphorus research within a network of six European institutions....Pages 177-183 Plant nutrient sulphur-a review of nutrient balance, environmental impact and fertilizers....Pages 185-193 Optimisation of nitrogen fertilisation....Pages 195-198 Plant biomass and fruit yield induction by Ti(IV) in P-stressed pepper crops....Pages 199-204 Improvement of the N fertilizer efficiency with dicyandiamide (dcd) in citrus trees....Pages 205-210 Effect of method of N-application and modified urea on N-15 recovery by rice....Pages 211-216 Effect of different fertilization systems on variation of soil fertility in long-term trials....Pages 217-221 Effect of soil tillage and N-fertilization on the distribution of nitrate in the soil profile in a long-term wheat-maize biculture....Pages 223-225 Improvement of the nitrogen uptake induced by Ti(IV) supply in nitrogen stressed pepper crops....Pages 227-231 Effect of slow-release N-fertilizers on yield and baking quality of winter wheat....Pages 233-236 Effect of nitrogen fertilization and plant population on the yield of soybeans....Pages 237-240 The effect of fertilizers on incidence of the fungus....Pages 241-244 Effect of irrigation systems and type of nitrogenous fertilizers in the grain yield and N-uptake on a maize crop....Pages 245-247 Environmental advantages and disadvantages of different sources of nitrogen in agricultural systems....Pages 249-251 Organic manure management and efficiency: Role of organic fertilizers and their management practices....Pages 253-257 Soil effects due to sewage sludge application in agriculture....Pages 259-265 Sub-surface injection of liquid waste....Pages 267-274 Reducing N losses (NH 3 , N 2 O, N 2 ) and immobilization from slurry through optimized application techniques....Pages 275-281 Agricultural use of sewage sludge and its regulation....Pages 283-289 Cotton fertilization with composts of (sugarbeet) vinasse and agricultural residues....Pages 291-295 The effect of a special organic amendment on the development of pepper plants cultivated in a soil infested with Verticillium dahliae ....Pages 297-300 Evaluation of easily oxidizable organic matter in greenhouse soils through a biological technique....Pages 301-303 Experimental study on agricultural recycling of LD slag....Pages 305-307 Simultaneous use of pulp-mill sludge and poultry manure on rye-grass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) fertilization....Pages 309-316 Leachates from a vermicomposting process....Pages 317-321 Tobacco-waste obtained from cigarette factories to be used as organic fertilizer....Pages 323-326 Response of barley to sewage sludge manuring and irrigation in calcareous soils....Pages 327-330 Study on nitrogen mineralization in municipal solid waste compost using electroultrafiltration....Pages 331-336 Stabilization of sludges from a dairy processing plant using vermicomposting....Pages 337-340 Cattle-slurry — 15 N turnover in a long-term lysimeter trial....Pages 341-343 An evaluation of three municipal solid wastes composts....Pages 345-350 Effect of agricultural practices on the nitrogen losses to the environment....Pages 351-353 Control of nitrate pollution by application of controlled release fertilizer (CRF), compost and an optimized irrigation system....Pages 355-361 Nitrogen losses by denitrification and leaching in grassland....Pages 363-367 Considerations on main factors which take part in nitrate contamination of ground water in Spain with relationship to other EU countries....Pages 369-373 Phosphate enrichment in the sandy loam soils of West-Flanders, Belgium....Pages 375-379 Nitrogen and phosphorus losses from soils treated with suspension fertilizers by effect of water draining....Pages 381-387 Preliminary study of the effect of suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere on solar radiation in Salamanca (Spain)....Pages 389-391 Dynamics of nutrient transport in a small river of an agricultural water catchment in Northern Germany....Pages 393-395 Nitrogen leaching in a maize field trial of Lower Mondego Valley (Coimbra)-lysimeters studies....Pages 397-400 Aluminium phytotoxicity....Pages 401-404 Towards zero accumulation of heavy metals in soils....Pages 405-411 Phytotoxicity of heavy metals....Pages 413-421 Heavy metal transfer in the food chain to humans....Pages 423-430 Dilution effect of plant biomass on plant cadmium concentration as induced by application of phosphate fertilizers....Pages 431-436 Thallium concentration in soils and crops and critical values with respect to food chain....Pages 437-442 Soil research on heavy metal pollution in a Belgian risk-bearing region with intensive agriculture....Pages 443-448 Effect of pyrite residue amendment on sulphur availability in a calcareous soil cropped with sown pasture....Pages 449-452 Estimating the flux of nitrate in a sandy loam soil under corn....Pages 453-455 Long term effects of wheat straw incorporation compared with burning on wheat yield and soil properties....Pages 457-461 Loads on soil due to agricultural activities in Hungary....Pages 463-465 The effects of pulp-mill sludge on leaching of mineral nitrogen....Pages 467-469 Alpechín as fertilizer....Pages 471-475 Effect of cadmium concentration in the nutrient solution on lettuce growth....Pages 477-480 As and Se in soils and plants from abandoned mining areas of the Salamanca province, Spain....Pages 481-483 Incidence of heavy metals in the application of inorganic fertilizers to rice farming soils (Valencia, Spain)....Pages 485-489 Effect of fertilization and irrigation on the nickel content of peas and soybeans....Pages 491-493 The effect of N and P application on the Mn, Cu and Zn content of the winter wheat....Pages 495-498 Effect of cadmium on the distribution of micronutrients in Lactuca spp., maize and pea plants....Pages 499-502 Irrigation with urban wastewater....Pages 503-508 City refuse compost as a source of micronutrients for plants....Pages 509-515 Agrochemical and technological characteristic features of sewage sludges applications in Russia....Pages 517-521 Residual effects of sugar beet vinasse on plant growth....Pages 523-526 Agricultural use of city refuse compost....Pages 527-531 Accumulation and transformation of heavy metals (HM) within the ‘soil-plants’ system in prolonged agrochemical trials....Pages 533-537 Cadmium in inorganic fertilizers....Pages 539-540 Lead uptake and distribution in legume species grown on lead-enriched soils....Pages 541-545 Effect of different fertilization systems on soil contamination with heavy metals in long-term trials....Pages 547-550 EC policy regarding pollution of agricultural origin: the Nitrates Directive....Pages 551-553 Putting the concept of environmentally balanced fertilizer recommendations into practice on the farm....Pages 555-560 Code of best agricultural practices....Pages 561-566 Code of Good Agricultural Practice and water pollution....Pages 567-567 Back Matter....Pages 569-572 ....Pages 573-585