Fenugreek: The Genus Trigonella (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Industrial Profiles Book 11)

Fenugreek presents an in-depth review on the Genus Trigonella and particularly the species T. foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek). It is written by experts and includes chapters describing the genus' botany, physiology, cultivation, breeding, nutrition, pest-disease and weed control. The chemical constituents of the species of Trigonella, their pharmacological properties and the marketing of fenugreek seed are also discussed as are its medicinal applications. A detailed presentation of the usefulness of fenugreek seed as food (whole, flour, roasted), spice (in curry powder), perfume, dye and source of galactomannan and steroidal diosgenin, widely used in industry, is also included. The book will be of interest to all those concerned with the study, cultivation and use of medicinal and aromatic plants and particularly of fenugreek. Cover......Page 1 Front Matter......Page 2 ISBN 9780415296571......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Contents......Page 7 Figures......Page 8 Tables......Page 10 Contributors......Page 12 Preface to the series......Page 13 Preface......Page 15 Acknowledgments......Page 17 Color Plates......Page 18 History......Page 20 Cultivated area......Page 21 Need for research......Page 22 Future trends......Page 24 References......Page 26 Taxonomy......Page 28 Taxonomy......Page 31 Distribution and vernacular names......Page 34 References......Page 35 Galactomannan synthesis during seed development: morphology......Page 37 Seed germination and endosperm reserve mobilisation......Page 38 Tissue cultures......Page 42 References......Page 43 Climate......Page 45 Soil preparation......Page 46 Spacing and seed rate......Page 47 Time of sowing......Page 48 Nodulation......Page 50 Depth of sowing......Page 53 Seed germination and the first growth......Page 54 Plant growth......Page 56 Flowers......Page 58 Seeds......Page 63 Irrigation......Page 65 General......Page 66 Varieties and cultivars......Page 67 Promising genotypes......Page 73 Rotation......Page 74 Maturation......Page 75 Time of harvesting......Page 76 Time of harvesting......Page 77 Methods of harvesting......Page 78 Drying......Page 79 Storage......Page 80 Seed yield......Page 81 Animal food......Page 82 Repellent–flavouring–perfume......Page 83 Remedy......Page 84 References......Page 87 General......Page 92 Selfing and crossing......Page 93 Breeding objectives......Page 94 Selection......Page 95 Individual or simple plant selection......Page 96 Mutation......Page 98 Breeding for higher yield......Page 101 General......Page 102 Breeding for a higher diosgenin content in the seed......Page 105 Breeding for higher protein content of seed......Page 109 Breeding for higher fixed oils content of seed......Page 110 General......Page 112 Breeding for resistance to specific diseases......Page 113 Resistance to lodging......Page 116 References......Page 117 Soil......Page 122 Soil acidity and liming......Page 123 Nitrogen......Page 125 Potassium......Page 126 Boron......Page 128 Magnesium......Page 130 Manganese......Page 132 Iron......Page 133 Combined fertilization......Page 134 References......Page 136 Pests......Page 139 Powdery mildew (Oidiopsis sp.)......Page 140 Leaf spot (Ascochyta sp.)......Page 141 Pod spot (Heterosporium sp.)......Page 143 Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (BYMV)......Page 144 References......Page 145 Weed interference......Page 147 Herbicides......Page 148 Post-emergence treatments......Page 149 References......Page 150 Trigonella foenum-graecum L.......Page 151 Other Trigonella species......Page 165 T. corniculata L. (=T. balansae Boiss. and Reut.)......Page 166 Anthocyanins......Page 167 Trigonella foenum-graecum L.......Page 168 Sect. Foenum-graecum L.......Page 169 Isoflavonoid phytoalexins......Page 170 T. calliceras Fisch. ex Bieb.......Page 171 Amino acids......Page 172 Vitamins......Page 173 References......Page 174 Chemical analysis......Page 181 Anti-diabetic effects......Page 182 Hypocholesterolaemic effects......Page 187 Effects in the male......Page 191 Effects in the female......Page 192 Anti-nociceptive effects......Page 193 Summary......Page 194 References......Page 195 Introduction......Page 202 Use......Page 203 Industry structure......Page 204 India......Page 206 Other exporting countries......Page 208 France......Page 209 United Kingdom......Page 210 Canada......Page 211 Trends in consumption and prospects......Page 212 References......Page 214 This introductory chapter deals with a brief analysis of the history, world cultivated area, main uses, needs for research and future trends of the most important species of the genus Trigonella and specially that of T. foenum-graecum (fenugreek). This text presents an in-depth review on the genus Trigonella and particularly fenugreek. It includes chapters describing the genus' botany, physiology, cultivation, breeding, nutrition, pest-disease and weed control