Fedora 7 Unleashed

Continuing with the tradition of offering the most comprehensive coverage of Red Hat Linux on the market, __Fedora 7 Unleashed__ includes new and additional material based on the latest release of Red Hat's Fedora Core Linux distribution. __Fedora 7 Unleashed__ thoroughly covers all of Fedora's software packages, including up-to-date material on new applications, Web development, peripherals, and programming languages. It also includes updated discussion of the architecture of the Linux kernel, USB, KDE, GNOME, broadband access issues, routing, gateways, firewalls, disk tuning, GCC, Perl, Python, printing services (CUPS), wireless support, international support, Java programs support (Eclipse), and security. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Part I Installation and Configuration 1 Installing Fedora. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2 Fedora Quick Start. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 3 Working with GNOME. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 4 Command Line Quickstart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Part II Desktop Fedora 5 On the Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 6 Productivity Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 7 Multimedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 8 Printing with Fedora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 9 Games. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Part III System Administration 10 Managing Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 11 Automating Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 12 System-Monitoring Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 13 Backing Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 14 Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 15 Remote Access with SSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 16 Xen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Part IV Fedora As a Server 17 Apache Web Server Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 18 Administering Database Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 19 File and Print. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 20 Remote File Serving with FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 21 Handling Electronic Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 22 Setting Up a Proxy Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 23 Managing DNS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 24 LDAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551 00\_0672329425\_FM.qxd 7/24/07 9:32 AM Page iii Part V Programming Linux 25 Using Perl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563 26 Working with Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 27 Writing PHP Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 28 C/C++ Programming Tools for Fedora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629 29 Mono. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641 Part VI Fedora Housekeeping 30 Securing Your Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 31 Performance Tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669 32 Command Line Masterclass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683 33 Writing and Executing a Shell Script. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711 34 Advanced Software Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737 35 Managing the File System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757 36 Kernel and Module Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787 Part VII Appendices A The History of Red Hat and Fedora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813 B Installation Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821 C Fedora and Linux Internet Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847 Fedora 7 Unleashed......Page 1 Table of Contents......Page 6 Introduction......Page 32 Licensing......Page 33 What This Book Contains......Page 34 Conventions Used in This Book......Page 36 Part I: Installation and Configuration......Page 38 Before You Begin the Installation......Page 40 Choosing How to Install Fedora......Page 45 Step-by-Step Installation......Page 47 Logging In and Shutting Down......Page 69 Reference......Page 70 The Fedora Desktop......Page 72 Getting Around Fedora......Page 74 Available Applications......Page 77 Keeping Your Software Up To Date......Page 78 Configuring Wireless Networks......Page 80 3 Working with GNOME......Page 84 The GNOME Desktop Environment......Page 85 AIGLX—Eye Candy for the Masses......Page 87 Basic X Concepts......Page 88 Using X......Page 89 Starting X......Page 98 KDE—The Other Environment......Page 104 XFce......Page 105 Reference......Page 106 Understanding the Command Line......Page 108 Logging In to and Working with Linux......Page 119 Using the Text Editors......Page 124 Working with Permissions......Page 127 Working as Root......Page 133 Reading Documentation......Page 136 Reference......Page 138 Part II: Desktop Fedora......Page 140 Browsing the Internet......Page 142 Choosing an Email Client......Page 145 RSS Readers......Page 150 Instant Messaging with Pidgin......Page 152 Internet Relay Chat......Page 153 Usenet Network Newsgroups......Page 155 The Pan News Client Newsreader......Page 156 Videoconferencing with Ekiga......Page 158 Reference......Page 159 6 Productivity Applications......Page 160 What Is in OpenOffice.org?......Page 161 Office Suites for Fedora......Page 172 Productivity Applications Written for Microsoft Windows......Page 178 Reference......Page 179 Listening to Music......Page 180 Graphics Manipulation......Page 183 Using Digital Cameras with Fedora......Page 188 Burning CDs and DVDs in Fedora......Page 192 Sound and Music......Page 199 Viewing Video......Page 202 Reference......Page 208 Overview of Fedora Printing......Page 210 Configuring and Managing Print Services......Page 212 Creating and Configuring Local Printers......Page 216 Reference......Page 222 Linux Gaming......Page 224 Installing Popular Games in Fedora......Page 226 KDEedu......Page 231 Playing Windows Games with Cedega......Page 232 Reference......Page 233 Part III: System Administration......Page 234 User Accounts......Page 236 Managing Groups......Page 241 Managing Users......Page 243 Managing Permissions......Page 246 Managing Passwords......Page 251 Granting System Administrator Privileges to Regular Users......Page 256 Disk Quotas......Page 260 Reference......Page 263 11 Automating Tasks......Page 264 Running Services at Bootup......Page 265 Troubleshooting Runlevel Problems......Page 278 Starting and Stopping Services Manually......Page 279 Scheduling Tasks......Page 280 Basic Shell Control......Page 285 Reference......Page 290 Console-Based Monitoring......Page 292 Using the kill Command to Control Processes......Page 294 Using Priority Scheduling and Control......Page 295 Displaying Free and Used Memory with free......Page 297 Graphical Process and System Management Tools......Page 298 Reference......Page 301 Choosing a Backup Strategy......Page 302 Choosing Backup Hardware and Media......Page 308 Using Backup Software......Page 311 Copying Files......Page 317 System Rescue......Page 320 Reference......Page 326 Using Network Configuration Tools......Page 328 Laying the Foundation: The localhost Interface......Page 338 Networking with TCP/IP......Page 340 Advanced Wireless Networking......Page 341 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol......Page 345 Beyond the Network and Onto the Internet......Page 351 Configuring Dial-Up Internet Access......Page 355 Troubleshooting Connection Problems......Page 362 Reference......Page 363 15 Remote Access with SSH......Page 366 Setting Up an SSH Server......Page 367 The SSH Tools......Page 368 Remote X......Page 372 References......Page 374 Why Virtualization Is a Smart Idea......Page 376 Virtualization Versus Paravirtualization......Page 377 Installing Xen......Page 378 Setting Up Guest Operating Systems......Page 379 Runtime Configuration......Page 380 Reference......Page 381 Part IV: Fedora As a Server......Page 382 About the Apache Web Server......Page 384 Installing the Apache Server......Page 386 Starting and Stopping Apache......Page 390 Graphic Interface Configuration of Apache......Page 395 Runtime Server Configuration Settings......Page 398 File System Authentication and Access Control......Page 403 Apache Modules......Page 408 Virtual Hosting......Page 413 Logging......Page 415 Reference......Page 417 18 Administering Database Services......Page 420 A Brief Review of Database Basics......Page 421 Choosing a Database: MySQL Versus PostgreSQL......Page 428 Configuring MySQL......Page 431 Configuring PostgreSQL......Page 434 Database Clients......Page 439 Reference......Page 445 Using the Network File System......Page 446 Putting Samba to Work......Page 450 Network and Remote Printing with Fedora......Page 462 Using the Common Unix Printing System GUI......Page 468 Console Print Control......Page 471 Avoiding Printer Support Problems......Page 473 Reference......Page 474 Choosing an FTP Server......Page 476 Installing FTP Software......Page 478 The FTP User......Page 479 xinetd Configuration for wu-ftpd......Page 481 Configuring the Very Secure FTP Server......Page 483 Configuring the wu-ftpd Server......Page 486 Using Commands in the ftpaccess File to Configure wu-ftpd......Page 487 Configuring FTP Server File-Conversion Actions......Page 499 Using ftphosts to Allow or Deny FTP Server Connection......Page 501 Using Commands for Server Administration......Page 502 Reference......Page 508 How Email Is Sent and Received......Page 510 Basic Sendmail Configuration and Operation......Page 515 Introducing Postfix......Page 520 Using Fetchmail to Retrieve Mail......Page 521 Choosing a Mail Delivery Agent......Page 526 Alternatives to Microsoft Exchange Server......Page 528 Reference......Page 530 What Is a Proxy Server?......Page 532 Configuring Clients......Page 533 Access Control Lists......Page 534 Specifying Client IP Addresses......Page 539 Sample Configurations......Page 540 Reference......Page 541 23 Managing DNS......Page 542 Configuring DNS for Clients......Page 543 Essential DNS Concepts......Page 547 Using DNS Tools......Page 549 Configuring a Local Caching Nameserver......Page 553 Providing DNS for a Real Domain with BIND......Page 555 Providing DNS for a Real Domain......Page 566 Troubleshooting DNS......Page 569 Managing DNS Security......Page 573 Reference......Page 580 24 LDAP......Page 582 Configuring the Server......Page 583 Configuring Clients......Page 588 Administration......Page 589 Reference......Page 590 Part V: Programming Linux......Page 592 Using Perl with Linux......Page 594 Perl Variables and Data Structures......Page 597 Operators......Page 599 Conditional Statements......Page 601 Looping......Page 603 Regular Expressions......Page 605 Access to the Shell......Page 606 Modules and CPAN......Page 607 Reference......Page 608 Python on Linux......Page 610 The Basics of Python......Page 612 Functions......Page 621 Object Orientation......Page 622 The Standard Library and the Vaults of Parnassus......Page 627 Reference......Page 628 Introduction to PHP......Page 630 Basic Functions......Page 646 Handling HTML Forms......Page 657 Reference......Page 658 Programming in C/C++ with Linux......Page 660 Using the C Programming Project Management Tools Provided with Fedora Linux......Page 661 Using the GNU C Compiler......Page 666 Graphical Development Tools......Page 667 Reference......Page 670 Why Use Mono?......Page 672 Mono on the Command Line......Page 673 Building on Mono's libraries......Page 678 Reference......Page 682 Part VI: Fedora Housekeeping......Page 684 Understanding Computer Attacks......Page 686 Assessing Your Vulnerability......Page 688 Protecting Your Machine......Page 689 Viruses......Page 693 Configuring Your Firewall......Page 694 Forming a Disaster Recovery Plan......Page 695 Keeping Up-to-Date on Linux Security Issues......Page 696 Understanding SELinux......Page 697 Reference......Page 698 Hard Disk......Page 700 Kernel......Page 705 Apache......Page 706 MySQL......Page 707 Reference......Page 712 32 Command Line Masterclass......Page 714 Why Use the Shell?......Page 715 Basic Commands......Page 716 Combining Commands......Page 735 Multiple Terminals......Page 737 Date and Time......Page 739 Capturing Screen Images......Page 740 Reference......Page 741 33 Writing and Executing a Shell Script......Page 742 Running a Shell Program......Page 743 Interpreting Shell Scripts Through Specific Shells......Page 745 Using Variables in Shell Scripts......Page 746 Using a Simple Script to Automate Tasks......Page 749 Built-in Variables......Page 751 Special Characters......Page 752 Comparison of Expressions in pdksh and bash......Page 755 Special Statements: for, while, and Others......Page 760 Using Functions in Shell Scripts......Page 766 Reference......Page 767 Using RPM for Software Management......Page 768 Getting Started with yum......Page 775 Running yum Noninteractively......Page 777 Maintaining yum......Page 778 Using yum to Manage Package Inventory......Page 779 Configuring yum......Page 781 Using pirut for Software Management......Page 782 Using Yum Extender......Page 783 Creating a Local yum Repository......Page 784 Reference......Page 786 The Fedora File System Basics......Page 788 Working with the ext3 File System......Page 793 Other File Systems Available to Fedora......Page 796 Creating a File System......Page 798 Mounting File Systems......Page 806 Relocating a File System......Page 810 File System Manipulation......Page 812 Reference......Page 817 36 Kernel and Module Management......Page 818 The Linux Kernel......Page 819 Managing Modules......Page 823 When to Recompile......Page 825 Kernel Versions......Page 826 Obtaining the Kernel Sources......Page 827 Patching the Kernel......Page 828 Compiling the Kernel......Page 829 When Something Goes Wrong......Page 838 Reference......Page 840 Part VII: Appendices......Page 842 A: The History of Red Hat and Fedora......Page 844 What Is Fedora?......Page 846 Fedora for Business......Page 847 64-Bit Fedora......Page 849 Fedora on Multi-Core Machines......Page 850 B: Installation Resources......Page 852 Planning Your Fedora Deployment......Page 853 Hardware Requirements......Page 859 Preparing for the Install Process......Page 868 Partitioning Before and During Installation......Page 870 Using Fedora's kickstart Installation Method.......Page 873 Reference......Page 876 C: Fedora and Linux Internet Resources......Page 878 Websites and Search Engines......Page 879 Usenet Newsgroups......Page 885 Mailing Lists......Page 887 Internet Relay Chat......Page 888 Index......Page 890 A......Page 891 B......Page 893 C......Page 895 D......Page 898 E......Page 901 F......Page 902 G......Page 904 H......Page 906 I......Page 907 K......Page 909 L......Page 910 M......Page 912 N......Page 915 O......Page 916 P......Page 917 R......Page 921 S......Page 923 T......Page 929 U......Page 930 V......Page 931 W......Page 932 X......Page 933 Z......Page 934 This is the eBook version of the printed book. If the print book includes a CD-ROM, this content is not included within the eBook version. Continuing with the tradition of offering the most comprehensive coverage of Red Hat Linux on the market, Fedora 7 Unleashed includes new and additional material based on the latest release of Red Hat's Fedora Core Linux distribution. Fedora 7 Unleashed thoroughly covers all of Fedora's software packages, including up-to-date material on new applications, Web development, peripherals, and programming languages. It also includes updated discussion of the architecture of the Linux kernel, USB, KDE, GNOME, broadband access issues, routing, gateways, firewalls, disk tuning, GCC, Perl, Python, printing services (CUPS), wireless support, international support, Java programs support (Eclipse), and security. Introduction.................................................................................. 1 Part I Installation and Configuration 1 Installing Fedora............................................................................. 9 2 Fedora Quick Start......................................................................... 41 3 Working with GNOME................................................................... 53 4 Command Line Quickstart.............................................................. 77 Part II Desktop Fedora 5 On the Internet........................................................................... 111 6 Productivity Applications.............................................................. 129 7 Multimedia................................................................................ 149 8 Printing with Fedora.................................................................... 179 9 Games....................................................................................... 193 Part III System Administration 10 Managing Users.......................................................................... 205 11 Automating Tasks........................................................................ 233 12 System-Monitoring Tools..... Continuing with the tradition of offering the most comprehensive coverage of Red Hat Linux on the market, Fedora 7 Unleashed includes new and additional material based on the latest release of Red Hat's Fedora Core Linux distribution. Fedora 7 Unleashed thoroughly covers all of Fedora's software packages, including up-to-date material on new applications, Web development, peripherals, and programming languages. It also includes updated discussion of the architecture of the Linux kernel, USB, KDE, GNOME, broadband access issues, routing, gateways, firewalls, disk tuning, GCC, Perl, Python, printing services (CUPS), wireless support, international support, Java programs support (Eclipse), and security.