ترس و یادگیری: از فرآیندهای پایه تا پیامدهای بالینی

Although fear plays an important role in human development, adaptation, and, ultimately, survival, fear can be disabling when it manifests itself as a phobia or an anxiety disorder. Effective treatment for fear-based disorders depends upon the basic science that informs theories about the origins of fear and about how fear is learned. This book brings together the most recent empirical developments in learning theory for understanding the etiology and treatment of fears and phobias. The editors have assembled contributions from leading scientists whose work represents the cutting edge in such areas as measurement methodology, neurobiology, cognitive processing, behavioral models, emotion regulation, and pharmacological and other clinical treatments. After a review of the history of fear learning and basic concepts and methods in fear measurement, subsequent s elucidate processes of acquisition and maintenance of fear, finally moving to the extinction, renewal, and reinstatement of fear. The research synthesized in this book has applicability to the entire spectrum of anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias. Fear Conditioning And Clinical Implications:what Can Be Learned From The Past? / Paul Eelen And Bram Vervliet -- Human Fear Learning : Contemporary Procedures And Measurement / Ottmar V. Lipp -- Defenses And Memories : Functional Neural Circuitry Of Fear And Conditional Responding / Jennifer J. Quinn And Michael S. Fanselow -- Contemporary Learning Theory Perspectives On The Etiology Of Fears And Phobias / Susan Mineka And Jon Sutton -- Cognitive Mechanisms In Fear Acquisition And Maintenance / Graham C.l. Davey -- Fear And Avoidance : An Integrated Expectancy Model / Peter Lovibond -- Fear Conditioning In An Emotion Regulation Context : A Fresh Perspective On The Origins Of Anxiety Disorders / John P. Forsyth, Georg H. Eifert, And Velma Barrios -- Anatomical, Molecular, And Cellular Substrates Of Fear Extinction / Mark Barad -- Counteracting The Context-dependence Of Extinction : Relapse And Tests Of Some Relapse Prevention Methods / Mark E. Bouton [and Others] -- Renewal And Reinstatement Of Fear : Evidence From Human Conditioning Research / Debora Vansteenwegen [and Others] -- Exposure Therapy And Extinction : Clinical Studies / Michelle G. Craske And Jayson L. Mystkowski -- Fear And Learning : Debates, Future Research And Clinical Implications / Dirk Hermans, Deborah Vansteenwegen, And Michelle G. Craske. Edited By Michelle G. Craske, Dirk Hermans, And Debora Vansteenwegen. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 245-297) And Indexes. "The goal of this volume is to bring together the most recent empirical and theoretical developments in the basic science of fear learning and to translate these developments to the clinical understanding and treatment of fears and phobias. A major impetus for the volume was the recognition that basic science in fear learning is advancing far more rapidly than the clinical application of this knowledge. The book is structured to cover three main areas. The first presents the history of fear learning theory and fear measurement. The second area examines the acquisition and maintenance of fear, including neural circuitry, associative pathways, and cognitive mechanisms; the role of avoidance; and individual differences in fear learning. The third area covers the extinction, renewal, and reinstatement of fear, including neural circuitry and context dependency. The volume developed out of the Special Interest Meeting on Fear and Learning in Lignely, Belgium (May 2003), sponsored by the Fund for Scientific Research in Flanders, Belgium, and inspired by Paul Eelen. This volume is intended for both basic scientists and clinical scientists at undergraduate, graduate, and more advanced levels, as well as practicing clinicians who are interested in gaining an in-depth understanding of learning theory as it applies to fear and anxiety"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) This book brings together the most recent empirical developments in learning theory for understanding the etiology and treatment of fears and phobias. The editors have assembled contributions from leading scientists whose work represents the cutting edge in such areas as measurement methodology, neurobiology, cognitive processing, behavioral models, emotion regulation, and pharmacological and other clinical treatments. After a review of the history of fear learning and basic concepts and methods in fear measurement, subsequent chapters elucidate processes of acquisition and maintenance of fear, finally moving to the extinction, renewal, and reinstatement of fear. The research synthesized in this book has applicability to the entire spectrum of anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias.