Fate and effects of oil in marine ecosystems : proceedings of the Conference on Oil Pollution Organized under the auspices of the International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control (IAWPRC) by the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scient

A. Rorsch Member of the TNO Board of Management Like all living creatures man has from the very outset influenced the environment. Initially, the traces of human activity were hardly noticeable and so were their effects on the equilibrium of the ecosystem as such. However, as soon as man learned how to use tools, he was able to influence his surroundings more drastically, and to proliferate more rapidly. As a matter of fact that is the time when things went wrong, because a process was started off which was to continue with ever-increasing speed and on an ever­ increasing scale. The present condition of nature as a result of the activities of mankind is generally known. Whether it is an accident with a nuclear plant or the vanishing of tropical rain forests, acid deposition or the pollution of soil, water and air, environmental disasters almost seem to be the order of the day. It is striking that with all these - more or less arbitrary - examples the provision of energy plays a role. In this respect one can add an even more important energy carrier to the list, namely: crude oil. Front Matter....Pages I-XIII Front Matter....Pages 1-1 The Physical Fate of Weathered Crude and Emulsified Fuel Oils as a Function of Intertidal Sedimentology....Pages 3-18 Weathering of Mineral Oil in Marine Environment....Pages 19-27 Droplet Size Distribution of Naturally Dispersed Oil....Pages 29-40 Hydrocarbon Biodegradation in Marine Sediments : A Biochemical Approach....Pages 41-55 A Simple Remote Sensing System for the Determination of Dispersants Effectiveness....Pages 57-66 Biodegradation and Photo—Oxidation of Crude Oils in a Tropical Marine Environment....Pages 67-77 Oil in Sediments of the Humber Estuary Following the ‘sivand’ Oilspill Incident....Pages 79-81 Laboratory and Field Investigation of the Accumulation and Depuration of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Black Mussels....Pages 83-85 Front Matter....Pages 87-87 The Effect of the Water Soluble Fraction of North Sea Crude Oil on the Transport Mechanism of Taurine in Erythrocytes from Flounder, Platichthys Flesus (L.)....Pages 89-100 Assessment of the Vulnerability of Marine Mammals to Oil Pollution....Pages 101-115 Effects of Different Oil Doses, Dispersant and Dispersed Oil on Macrofauna in Model Tidal Flat Ecosystems....Pages 117-131 Experimental Application of Oil—Based Muds and Cuttings to Seabed Sediments....Pages 133-150 Petroleum Effects on Osmoregulation in the Marine Halophytes Spartina Alterniflora and Rhizophora Mangle ....Pages 151-158 Oil Pollution and Plankton Dynamics. IV. Summary of Enclosure Experiments in Lindåspollene, Norway, with Special Emphasis on the Balance between Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Processes....Pages 159-172 The Effects of Oil and Chemically Dispersed Oil on Natural Phytoplankton Communities....Pages 173-185 Oil and the Mangroves of the Northern Red Sea....Pages 187-200 Effects of Seven Dispersants on Growth of Three Subtropical/Tropical Atlantic Seagrasses....Pages 201-205 Toxicity of Chemically Dispersed Oil in a Flow-Through System....Pages 207-209 The Use of Tests in a Wave Basin to Define Dispersant Effectiveness....Pages 211-213 An Assessment of the Environmental Hazard Associated with the Discharge of Production Water from a North Sea Oil Platform Based on Laboratory Bioassays with a Calanoid Copepod - Acartia Tonsa (DANA)....Pages 215-216 Front Matter....Pages 87-87 The Effectiveness of a New Type III Dispersant in the Treatment of Weathered Crude and Emulsified Fuel Oils on Saltmarshes and Sandflats....Pages 217-219 Impact of Oil on Coastal Industries....Pages 221-223 The Effects of Oil Pollution on Interacting Salt Marsh Species....Pages 225-228 Front Matter....Pages 229-229 The Migration of Stranded Oil from a Sheltered Beach into Adjacent Nearshore Subtidal Sediments....Pages 231-241 Kinetics of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Depuration by Oysters Impacted by the Amoco Cadiz Oil Spill....Pages 243-252 Biological and Chemical Monitoring of Seabed Sediments at the Sullom Voe North Sea Terminal — a Synthesis of Data for the Period 1978–1985....Pages 253-267 Measurement of Scope for Growth and Tissue Hydrocarbon Concentrations of Mussels ( Mytilus Epulis ) at Sites in the Vicinity of the Sullom Voe Oil Terminal:- A Case Study....Pages 269-277 Oil-Based Drilling Fluids: Are they an Environmental Risk?....Pages 279-289 Practical Methods for Monitoring Rocky Shore Communities....Pages 291-293 A Summary of Research and Monitoring Studies Carried Out in North Sea Oilfields by the Oil Pollution Research Unit 1973–1986....Pages 295-297 Front Matter....Pages 299-299 Seabel Hazard Identification and Response Decision for Chemical Spillages at Sea....Pages 301-306 Oil Spill Risk Management: The Strategic Response Case....Pages 307-318 Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure for Oil Pollution in the Dutch Wadden Sea – the F3 Pipeline Example....Pages 319-330 International Acceptance of Shoreline Sensitivity Mapping as an Integral Spill-Response Component....Pages 331-331 A Computer Simulation Model Depicting Oil Impact and Removal Within Coastal Environments....Pages 333-334 The Alvenus Oil Spill Along the Texas Coastline....Pages 335-335 Back Matter....Pages 337-338 Proceedings of a Conference on Oil Pollution, Organized under the Auspices of the International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control (IAWPRC) by the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, February 23-27, 1987