Fascism, Liberalism And Europeanism In The Political Thought Of Bertrand de Jouvenel And Alfred Fabre-Luce 5

Despite the recent rise in studies that approach fascism as a transnational phenomenon, the links between fascism and internationalist intellectual currents have only received scant attention. This book explores the political thought of Bertrand de Jouvenel and Alfred Fabre-Luce, two French intellectuals, journalists and political writers who, from 1930 to the mid-1950s, moved between liberalism, fascism and Europeanism. Daniel Knegt argues that their longing for a united Europe was the driving force behind this ideological transformation-and that we can see in their thought the earliest stages of what would become neoliberalism. Cover......Page 1 Title......Page 2 Title - Series......Page 3 Title - Complete......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Dedication......Page 6 Table of Contents......Page 8 Preface......Page 10 List of Abbreviations......Page 12 Intellectual Fascism?......Page 14 Between Immunity and Pan-Fascism......Page 18 New Perspectives......Page 28 Europeanism, Fascism and Neoliberalism......Page 35 ‘La Nouvelle Génération Européenne’: Generational Politics in 1920s France......Page 46 Reconciliation with Germany at All Costs?......Page 54 Metaphysical Europeanism......Page 62 From Liberalism to ‘l’Économie Dirigée’......Page 70 A National and Social Revolution......Page 75 Party Intellectuals at the Service of Fascism......Page 85 Defeat and Readjustment......Page 96 Tracing the Origins of Defeat......Page 106 ‘On the Threshold of a New World’......Page 119 New Rulers, Old Acquaintances......Page 127 Collaboration and Attentisme......Page 138 Liberation and Persecution......Page 160 Exile and Exclusion......Page 175 ‘Beyond Nazism’: Monarchism and the Heritage of Fascism......Page 184 Reinventing the Extreme Right......Page 194 Europeanism, Federalism and the Reconfiguration of the Extreme Right......Page 210 On Private Life and Facial Hair......Page 222 On Power: Pessimism, Aristocracy and the Distrust of Democracy......Page 227 A Mountain in Switzerland: Neoliberalism and the Mont Pèlerin Society......Page 236 ‘This General Feeling of Open Conspiracy’......Page 249 Conclusion......Page 260 Bibliography......Page 268 Index......Page 282 List of Figures......Page 9 Figure 1 Alfred Fabre-Luce and Bertrand de Jouvenel, around 1930......Page 53 Figure 2 Damage caused by the 6 February riots: wrecked policemen’s bikes hung to a bus stop at the Place de la Madeleine, Paris......Page 77 Figure 3 Jacques Doriot speaking at the founding ceremony of the PPF, 28 June 1936......Page 86 Figure 4 Jacques Doriot delivering a speech at a PPF rally in Marseille, 27 July 1936......Page 90 Figure 5 Bertrand de Jouvenel in 1938......Page 92 Figure 6 Victory parade of the Wehrmacht in Paris, 14 June 1940. Infantry troops on the Avenue Foch, in front of Alfred Fabre-Luce’s house......Page 105 Figure 7 Philippe Pétain, Otto Abetz and François Darlan in Vichy, 18 November 1941......Page 130 Figure 8 Reception at the German Institute in Paris, June 1941. Alfred Fabre-Luce is speaking with Winifred Wagner; in the background are Jean-Louis Vaudoyer and Otto Abetz; and on the right is Herbert von Karajan listening to Karl Theo Zeitschel.......Page 150 Figure 9 Jewish prisoners in the Drancy transition camp during the occupation......Page 169 Figure 10 Alfred Fabre-Luce during his trial at the Chambre Civique, 31 May 1949......Page 182 Figure 11 Bertrand de Jouvenel with beard, in 1973......Page 225 Figure 12 The view on Vevey and Saint-Saphorin from Mont Pèlerin, 2015......Page 243 Cover 1 Title 2 Title - Series 3 Title - Complete 4 Copyright 5 Dedication 6 Table of Contents 8 Preface 10 List of Abbreviations 12 Introduction 14 Intellectual Fascism? 14 Between Immunity and Pan-Fascism 18 New Perspectives 28 Europeanism, Fascism and Neoliberalism 35 1 ‘En Faisant l’Europe’ 46 ‘La Nouvelle Génération Européenne’: Generational Politics in 1920s France 46 Reconciliation with Germany at All Costs? 54 Metaphysical Europeanism 62 2 Planning, Fascism and the State: 1930-1939 70 From Liberalism to ‘l’Économie Dirigée’ 70 A National and Social Revolution 75 Party Intellectuals at the Service of Fascism 85 3 Facing a Fascist Europe: 1939-1943 96 Defeat and Readjustment 96 Tracing the Origins of Defeat 106 ‘On the Threshold of a New World’ 119 New Rulers, Old Acquaintances 127 Collaboration and Attentisme 138 4 A European Revolution? 160 Liberation and Persecution 160 Exile and Exclusion 175 ‘Beyond Nazism’: Monarchism and the Heritage of Fascism 184 Reinventing the Extreme Right 194 Europeanism, Federalism and the Reconfiguration of the Extreme Right 210 5 Europeanism, Neoliberalism and the Cold War 222 On Private Life and Facial Hair 222 On Power: Pessimism, Aristocracy and the Distrust of Democracy 227 A Mountain in Switzerland: Neoliberalism and the Mont Pèlerin Society 236 ‘This General Feeling of Open Conspiracy’ 249 Conclusion 260 Bibliography 268 Index 282 List of Figures 9 Figure 1 Alfred Fabre-Luce and Bertrand de Jouvenel, around 1930 53 Figure 2 Damage caused by the 6 February riots: wrecked policemen’s bikes hung to a bus stop at the Place de la Madeleine, Paris 77 Figure 3 Jacques Doriot speaking at the founding ceremony of the PPF, 28 June 1936 86 Figure 4 Jacques Doriot delivering a speech at a PPF rally in Marseille, 27 July 1936 90 Figure 5 Bertrand de Jouvenel in 1938 92 Figure 6 Victory parade of the Wehrmacht in Paris, 14 June 1940. Infantry troops on the Avenue Foch, in front of Alfred Fabre-Luce’s house 105 Figure 7 Philippe Pétain, Otto Abetz and François Darlan in Vichy, 18 November 1941 130 Figure 8 Reception at the German Institute in Paris, June 1941. Alfred Fabre-Luce is speaking with Winifred Wagner; in the background are Jean-Louis Vaudoyer and Otto Abetz; and on the right is Herbert von Karajan listening to Karl Theo Zeitschel. 150 Figure 9 Jewish prisoners in the Drancy transition camp during the occupation 169 Figure 10 Alfred Fabre-Luce during his trial at the Chambre Civique, 31 May 1949 182 Figure 11 Bertrand de Jouvenel with beard, in 1973 225 Figure 12 The view on Vevey and Saint-Saphorin from Mont Pèlerin, 2015 243

Hitchcock's work through his recurring motifs