Family, Self, and Human Development Across Cultures: Theory and Applications (Psychology Press & Routledge Classic Editions)

Çiğdem Kağıtçıbaşı's influential volume was a work of masterful scholarship and field-defining thought that challenged the existing assumptions in mainstream western psychology about the nature of individuals. During the past two decades since its publication, cultural and cross-cultural research and theory on the self, family, and human development have expanded greatly, developing fruitfully from the basic issues and paradigms Kağıtçıbaşı explored. This Classic Edition provides a critical assessment, consideration, and reflection of recent scholarship in this field. It brings this essential work up to date and appraises it in the light of current prevailing perspectives. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Dedication 6 Table of Contents 8 Introduction to the Classic Edition 14 Preface to the Second Edition 24 Foreword 28 Preface to the First Edition 34 A Personal Account 34 Interpersonal Relations 34 Social Relevance 38 Chapter 1 Introduction 42 About This Volume 42 Linking Self, Family, and Society 43 Linking Theory and Application 45 A Cultural and Cross-Cultural Perspective 46 The Culture Concept 46 Reconciling Assumed Opposites 49 The Growth of a Cross-Cultural Perspective 51 Benefits of the Cross-Cultural Perspective 58 Organization of the Book 60 Summary and Main Points 64 Part I: Human Development, Family, and Culture 66 Chapter 2 Development in Context 68 Context as Meaning 68 Parental Warmth and Control as a Case in Point 69 Theoretical Perspectives on Context 72 Theoretical Advancement and Problem-Oriented Research 74 Contextual Theories in Cross-Cultural Developmental Psychology 76 The Value of a Contextual Functional Perspective 79 Features of Context 81 Societal Values Regarding Children 82 Global Social Change 84 Parental Goals, Beliefs, and Values 86 Social Class as Context 89 Effects of Growing Up in Poverty 91 Models Relating Development to Context 93 Summary and Main Points 97 Chapter 3 Socialization for Competence 100 Socialization 100 Everyday “Teaching and Learning” 102 Theoretical Conceptions of Cognitive Competence 105 The Cross-Cultural Background 106 Issues in Everyday Cognition 108 Cultural Conceptions of Cognitive Competence 110 A Social Definition of Competence 111 Changes in Lifestyles 114 Disadvantage for Cognitive Competence 115 Common Patterns and Mismatches 123 Adaptive Changes in Global Outlooks: Toward Convergence 126 Summary and Main Points 129 Chapter 4 Culture, Self, and Individualism–Collectivism 132 Culturally Varying Concept of Self 133 How Is Self Understood? Insights From the Last Few Decades 133 Historical Trends in the Study of Self 137 Soul-Searching in American Psychology 138 Cultural and Cross-Cultural Studies 140 Individualism–Collectivism (I–C) 143 A Refinement: Normative and Relational I–C 145 Related Self–Separate Self 149 Independence–Interdependence 151 Correlates of I–C or Related–Separate Self inPsychological Functioning 153 Moral Thinking and Social Justice 154 Self-Enhancement 156 Cognitions and Emotions 158 Control 161 Achievement 162 Summary and Main Points 164 Chapter 5 Value of Children and the Family 166 Modernization Theory on the Family 167 Challenges to Modernization Assumptions 169 Value of Children Study I (1970s) 170 Values Attributed to Children 171 A Theory of Family Change 174 The General Theoretical Framework 174 Model of Interdependence 177 Model of Independence 180 What Kind of Family Change? 182 Model of Psychological or Emotional Interdependence 185 Value of Children Study II (2000s) 188 Further Support for the Family Change Theory and Model of Psychological/Emotional Interdependence 193 A Different Convergence? 197 Summary and Main Points 202 Chapter 6 Parenting and the Development of the Autonomous–Related Self 206 Need for a Developmental Conceptualization 206 Key Questions 208 Parenting 209 Infancy and Attachment 210 Parenting the Child 214 The Adolescent–Parent Relation 217 Autonomy and Relatedness as Basic Needs 220 Two Underlying Dimensions 222 The Autonomous–Related Self and a Model of Self-Development 225 Theoretical Debate and Clarification 228 Two Types of Relatedness? 229 Accounting for the Conflicting Perspectives 233 Measuring the Autonomous–Related Self 235 Empirical Evidence Toward a Convergence 235 From Diversity to Convergence 240 Summary and Main Points 242 Part II: Implications for Social Issues and Applications 246 Chapter 7 Induced Change: The Role of Psychology 248 About Part II 248 Psychology and Development 249 Theory and Application 253 Values, Standards, and Relativism 255 Is Relativism the Only Alternative to Ethnocentrism? 256 Politics of Education 261 Will Psychology Help? 266 School Readiness and Early Development Indicators 268 Recent Research on the Impact of Early Environment 275 Nature–Nurture Underpinnings 277 Summary and Main Points 280 Chapter 8 Intervention: Early Enrichment 282 Early Child Development (ECD) Programs 283 State of the Art in ECD Research 284 The American Experience: Head Start and Other ECD Projects 286 Majority World Experience 290 Issues in ECD Research 294 Cost-Effectiveness and Potential for Expansion 303 ECD in Turkey 306 Summary and Main Points 309 Chapter 9 The Turkish Early Enrichment Project (TEEP) 312 The Original 4-Year Study 313 The 4th-Year Results 318 Discussion and Rationale for Follow-Up 325 The First Follow-Up Study 327 The First Follow-Up Results 329 Discussion and Rationale for the Second Follow-Up Study 334 The Second Follow-Up Study 336 Results of the Second Follow-Up 337 Results and Discussion 343 Project Intervention (Mother Training) 344 Expanding Applications 346 Cost-Effectiveness 348 Conclusion 348 Summary and Main Points 351 Chapter 10 Immigration and Acculturation 354 Immigration 355 Historical Background 355 Acculturation 357 Theoretical Perspectives 358 Family and Parenting in Acculturation 364 Self and Family Change Model in Acculturation Context 365 Contextual Factors That Play a Role in Acculturation 370 The Macro Context 373 Policy Implications 374 Summary and Main Points 376 Chapter 11 Search for Integration and Policy Implications 380 Summary and Critical Issues 380 Integrative Syntheses 381 Critical Issues in Early Intervention 385 Critical Issues in Immigration 391 Psychology and Social Policy 394 Policy Relevance 396 Policies to Enhance Early Human Development 396 Holistic, Multipurpose Policies 397 Policy Implications of the Model of Emotional Interdependence 400 Conclusions: A Healthy Human Model 402 Summary and Main Points 405 Glossary 410 References 420 Subject Index 482 Author Index 496