Faith and Leadership : The Papacy and the Roman Catholic Church

This study is a comprehensive history of the papacy, the oldest elective office in the world, and how it has managed over the centuries the most complex voluntary association of faith. The book argues that in fact through most of its existence, the papacy has adapted managerial models of the secular world and applied them to the Catholic Church. Since its emergence from the Jewish synagogues to a persecuted minority in the Roman Empire to becoming the established religion of the West, the Church and the papacy engaged the world on its own terms. It is only after the Council of Trent did the Church become somewhat more divorced and estranged from the environment around it. This book focused on those changes and on the great popes across the centuries who reformed and altered Catholicism. Special attention is directed to Gregory I, Innocent I, Innocent III, Pius IX, Leo XIII, Pius XI, Pius XII, John XXVII, Paul VI, and John Paul II. The conclusion is that the persistence of the Catholic Church for so many centuries was due to its ability to preserve the faith, but re-establish its forms and managerial class. FAITH AND LEADERSHIP CONTENTS Acknowledgments Introduction 1 The Primitive Church 2 From the Bishop of Rome to Pope (Peter to Leo the Great, 500 A.D.) 3 The Threats to Orthodoxy 4 Beyond the End of the Empire, 500–800 5 The Medieval Papacy Moves East 6 From Abuses to Reforms, 800–1100 7 The Papal Monarchy, 1100–1500 8 The Worldly Popes 9 The Protestant Reformation 10 The Timidity of Reform 11 The Catholic Reformation 12 The Council as a Reform Movement 13 Religious Wars and Religious Repression 14 The Enlightenment 15 The Church Confronts the Leviathan 16 The Church and the Ancien Regime 17 The Emperor’s Attacks on the Papacy 18 Pius IX: The First Modern Pope 19 Leo XIII: The Soul of the Industrial State 20 Pius X: Moods of Piety and Repression 21 Benedict XV and the Mad Dogs of War 22 Pius XI and the New Men of Violence 23 Pius XII and the Spiritual Twilight of the West 24 John XXIII and the Promise of Aggiornamento 25 Paul VI: The Perils of Aggiornamento 26 John Paul II: The Uneasy Agenda of Restoration Postscript: Benedict XVI (2005– ) Conclusion Selected Bibliography Index About the Author The primitive church From bishop to pope (Peter to Leo the Great, 500 a.d.) The threats to orthodoxy Beyond the end of the empire, 500-800 The medieval papacy looks East Abuses and reform, 800-1000 The papal monarchy, 1000-1500 The worldly popes The Protestant Reformation The timidity of reform The Catholic Reformation The council as a reform movement Religious wars and religious repression The Enlightenment The church confronts the Leviathan The church and the ancien regime The emperor's attack on the papacy Pius IX: the first modern Pope Leo XIII: the soul of the industrial state Pius X: moods of piety and repression Benedict XV and the mad dogs of war Pius XI and the new men of violence Pius XII and the spiritual twilight of the West John XXII and the promise of aggiornamento Paul VI: the perils of aggiornamento John Paul II: the uneasy agenda of restoration Postscript: Benedict XVI. This Volume Is The First Major Study Of The Papacy As A Managerial Structure That Has Evolved Over Two Thousand Years. Special Emphasis Is Placed On The Environments In Which The Church Functioned And In Which It Had To Reach Uneasy Compromises. The Volume Is Both Scholarly And Very Readable.