Fair Ways: How Six Black Golfers Won Civil Rights In Beaumont, Texas (The Centennial Series of the Association of Former Students, Texas a&M University, No. 103)

"Booker was a flamboyant person," Cleveland Nisby recalled, adding that "he liked to smoke big cigars and hang out with Charlie Wilson, the man who operated Chaney's Auditorium night club." Mary Bell Fayson, Booker's third wife and widow, remembered him the same way. "Booker was real gutsy," she said, recalling her husband of twenty-two years. "One time we were at Travis Brothers [a hardware store owned by white people] and we couldn't get anyone to wait on us. Booker reached across the counter and hit a key on the cash register, opening the cash drawer and ringing a loud bell. The people came running and helped us fast." "He was a real people person," Mrs. Fayson remembered. "He knew everybody up and down Forsythe Street, Irving Street, everywhere, black and white, and everybody knew him." Booker was a member of several men's groups: Elks, Masons, and the Appomattox Club. He was an avid golfer and an energetic member of the NAACP, two activities that enabled him to become friends with Joe Griffin and others who participated in the campaign to desegregate the Tyrrell Park golf course. \({ }^{20}\)

In the summer of 1955, early in the modern civil rights era, six African American golfers in Beaumont, Texas, began attacking the Jim Crow caste system when they filed a federal lawsuit for the right to play the municipal golf course. The golfers and their African American lawyers went to federal court and asked a conservative white Republican judge to render a decision that would not only integrate the local golf course but also set precedent for desegregation of other public facilities, as well.

In Fair Ways, Beaumont native Robert J. Robertson chronicles three parallel stories that converged in this important case. He tells the story of the plaintiffs—avid golfers who had learned the game while working as caddies and waiters—and their young lawyers, recent graduates from Howard University law school, and the Republican judge just appointed to the bench by President Eisenhower. Would the judge apply the new principles of Brown v. Board of Education to the questions before him? Would he use federal judicial power to override state laws and outlaw local customs?

Fair Ways gives an uncommonly vivid picture of racial segregation and the forces that brought about its end. Using public case papers, public records, newspapers, and oral histories, Robertson has recreated the scene in Beaumont on the eve of desegregation, describing in detail the parallel white and black communities that characterized the Jim Crow caste system. Through this account, the forces at work in the South—education, military experience, rising expectations, the NAACP, and the rule of law—are personified dramatically by the golfers, the lawyers, and the judge.

Annotation In the summer of 1955, six African American golfers in Beaumont, Texas, began attacking the Jim Crow caste system when they filed a federal lawsuit for the right to play the municipal golf course. The golfers and their African American lawyers went to federal court and asked a conservative white Republican judge to render a decision that would not only integrate the local golf course but also set precedent for desegregation of other public facilities. In Fair Ways, Robert J. Robertson chronicles three parallel stories that converged in this important case. He tells the story of the plaintiffs-avid golfers who had learned the game while working as caddies and waiters-of their young lawyers, recent graduates from Howard University law school, and of the Republican judge just appointed to the bench by President Eisenhower. Using public case papers, public records, newspapers, and oral histories, Robertson has recreated the scene in Beaumont on the eve of desegregation. Fair Ways gives a vivid picture of racial segregation and the forces that brought about its end Gives a vivid picture of racial segregation and the forces that brought about its end. The author chronicles three parallel stories in this book. He tells the story of the plaintiffs, of their young lawyers, recent graduates from Howard University law school, and of the Republican judge appointed to the bench by President Eisenhower.