Failure criteria in fibre reinforced polymer composites : the World-Wide Failure Exercise

Content: Preface , Pages v-vi , M.J. Hinton, P.D. Soden, A.S. Kaddour About the editors , Page vii Chapter 1.1 - The world-wide failure exercise: Its origin, concept and content , Pages 2-28 , M.J. Hinton, A.S. Kaddour, P.D. Soden Chapter 2.1 - Lamina properties, lay-up configurations and loading conditions for a range of fibre reinforced composite laminates , Pages 30-51 , P.D. Soden, M.J. Hinton, A.S. Kaddour Chapter 2.2 - Biaxial test results for strength and deformation of a range of E-glass and carbon fibre reinforced composite laminates: Failure exercise benchmark data , Pages 52-96 , P.D. Soden, M.J. Hinton, A.S. Kaddour Chapter 3.1 - Prediction of composite laminate fracture: Micromechanics and progressive fracture , Pages 98-120 , P.K. Gotsis, C.C. Chamis, L. Minnetyan Chapter 3.2 - Failure criteria for use in the design environment , Pages 121-139 , G.C. Eckold Chapter 3.3 - Stress-based Grant-Sanders method for predicting failure of composite laminates , Pages 140-156 , E.C. Edge Chapter 3.4 - Predicting transverse crack formation in cross-ply laminates , Pages 157-178 , L.N. McCartney Chapter 3.5 - Predictions of the original and truncated maximum-strain failure models for certain fibrous composite laminates , Pages 179-218 , L.J. Hart-Smith Chapter 3.6 - Predictions of a generalized maximum-shear-stress failure criterion for certain fibrous composite laminates , Pages 219-263 , L.J. Hart-Smith Chapter 3.7 - Failure analysis of FRP laminates by means of physically based phenomenological models , Pages 264-297 , A. Puck, H. Schürmann Chapter 3.8 - Prediction of laminate failure with the Rotem failure criterion , Pages 298-315 , A. Rotem Chapter 3.9 - Prediction of failure envelopes and stress/strain behavior of composite laminates , Pages 316-333 , C.T. Sun, Jianxin Tao Chapter 3.10 - A progressive quadratic failure criterion for a laminate , Pages 334-352 , Kuo-Shih Liu, Stephen W. Tsai Chapter 3.11 - A strain-energy based failure criterion for non-linear analysis of composite laminates subjected to biaxial loading , Pages 353-378 , William E. Wolfe, Tarunjit S. Butalia Chapter 3.12 - The strength of multilayered composites under a plane-stress state , Pages 379-401 , Peter A. Zinoviev, Sergei V. Grigoriev, Olga V. Lebedeva, Ludmilla P. Tairova Chapter 3.13 - Predicting the nonlinear response and progressive failure of composite laminates , Pages 402-428 , Travis A. Bogetti, Christopher P.R. Hoppel, Vasyl M. Harik, James F. Newill, Bruce P. Burns Chapter 3.14 - The predictive capability of failure mode concept-based strength criteria for multidirectional laminates , Pages 429-489 , R.G. Cuntze, A. Freund Chapter 3.15 - Composite laminate failure analysis using multicontinuum theory , Pages 490-517 , J. Steven Mayes, Andrew C. Hansen Chapter 3.16 - A bridging model prediction of the ultimate strength of composite laminates subjected to biaxial loads , Pages 518-596 , Zheng-Ming Huang Chapter 3.17 - Expanding the capabilities of the Ten-Percent Rule for predicting the strength of fibre-polymer composites , Pages 597-642 , L.J. Hart-Smith Chapter 4.1 - A comparative study of failure theories and predictions for fibre polymer composite laminates: Part (A) , Pages 644-701 , A.S. Kaddour, M.J. Hinton, P.D. Soden Chapter 5.1 - Application of progressive fracture analysis for predicting failure envelopes and stress-strain behaviors of composite laminates: A comparison with experimental results , Pages 703-725 , P.K. Gotsis, C.C. Chamis, L. Minnetyan Chapter 5.2 - Failure criteria for use in the design environment , Pages 726-738 , G.C. Eckold Chapter 5.3 - A comparison of theory and experiment for the stress-based Grant-Sanders method , Pages 739-769 , E.C. Edge Chapter 5.4 - Comparison between theories and test data concerning the strength of various fibre-polymer composites , Pages 770-809 , L.J. Hart-Smith Chapter 5.5 - Prediction of ply crack formation and failure in laminates , Pages 810-831 , L.N. McCartney Chapter 5.6 - Failure analysis of FRP laminates by means of physically based phenomenological models , Pages 832-876 , A. Puck, H. Schürmann Chapter 5.7 - The Rotem failure criterion: Theory and practice , Pages 877-889 , A. Roten Chapter 5.8 - The prediction of failure envelopes and stress/strain behavior of composite laminates: Comparison with experimental results , Pages 890-902 , C.T. Sun, J. Tao, A.S. Kaddour Chapter 5.9 - A progressive quadratic failure criterion, part B , Pages 903-921 , Akira Kuraishi, Stephen W. Tsai, Kevin K.S. Liu Chapter 5.10 - A strain-energy-based non-linear failure criterion: Comparison of numerical predictions and experimental observations for symmetric composite laminates , Pages 922-942 , Tarunjit S. Butalia, William E. Wolfe Chapter 5.11 - A coupled analysis of experimental and theoretical results on the deformation and failure of composite laminates under a state of plane stress , Pages 943-960 , Peter A. Zinoviev, Olga V. Lebedeva, Ludmilla P. Tairova Chapter 5.12 - Predicting the nonlinear response and failure of composite laminates: Correlation with experimental results , Pages 961-975 , Travis A. Bogetti, Christopher P.R. Hoppel, Vasyl M. Harik, James F. Newill, Bruce P. Burns Chapter 5.13 - The predictive capability of failure mode concept-based strength criteria for multi-directional laminates—Part B , Pages 976-1025 , R.G. Cuntze Chapter 5.14 - A comparison of multicontinuum theory based failure simulation with experimental results , Pages 1026-1044 , J. Steven Mayes, Andrew C. Hansen Chapter 5.15 - Correlation of the bridging model predictions of the biaxial failure strengths of fibrous laminates with experiments , Pages 1045-1071 , Zheng-Ming Huang Chapter 6.1 - Predictive capabilities of nineteen failure theories and design methodologies for polymer composite laminates. Part B: Comparison with experiments , Pages 1073-1221 , A.S. Kaddour, M.J. Hinton, P.D. Soden Chapter 7.1 - Recommendations for designers and researchers resulting from the world-wide failure exercise , Pages 1223-1251 , P.D. Soden, A.S. Kaddour, M.J. Hinton Index , Pages 1253-1255 Content: Preface, __Pages v-vi__, M.J. Hinton, P.D. Soden, A.S. KaddourAbout the editors, __Page vii__Chapter 1.1 - The world-wide failure exercise: Its origin, concept and content, __Pages 2-28__, M.J. Hinton, A.S. Kaddour, P.D. SodenChapter 2.1 - Lamina properties, lay-up configurations and loading conditions for a range of fibre reinforced composite laminates, __Pages 30-51__, P.D. Soden, M.J. Hinton, A.S. KaddourChapter 2.2 - Biaxial test results for strength and deformation of a range of E-glass and carbon fibre reinforced composite laminates: Failure exercise benchmark data, __Pages 52-96__, P.D. Soden, M.J. Hinton, A.S. KaddourChapter 3.1 - Prediction of composite laminate fracture: Micromechanics and progressive fracture, __Pages 98-120__, P.K. Gotsis, C.C. Chamis, L. MinnetyanChapter 3.2 - Failure criteria for use in the design environment, __Pages 121-139__, G.C. EckoldChapter 3.3 - Stress-based Grant-Sanders method for predicting failure of composite laminates, __Pages 140-156__, E.C. EdgeChapter 3.4 - Predicting transverse crack formation in cross-ply laminates, __Pages 157-178__, L.N. McCartneyChapter 3.5 - Predictions of the original and truncated maximum-strain failure models for certain fibrous composite laminates, __Pages 179-218__, L.J. Hart-SmithChapter 3.6 - Predictions of a generalized maximum-shear-stress failure criterion for certain fibrous composite laminates, __Pages 219-263__, L.J. Hart-SmithChapter 3.7 - Failure analysis of FRP laminates by means of physically based phenomenological models, __Pages 264-297__, A. Puck, H. SchürmannChapter 3.8 - Prediction of laminate failure with the Rotem failure criterion, __Pages 298-315__, A. RotemChapter 3.9 - Prediction of failure envelopes and stress/strain behavior of composite laminates, __Pages 316-333__, C.T. Sun, Jianxin TaoChapter 3.10 - A progressive quadratic failure criterion for a laminate, __Pages 334-352__, Kuo-Shih Liu, Stephen W. TsaiChapter 3.11 - A strain-energy based failure criterion for non-linear analysis of composite laminates subjected to biaxial loading, __Pages 353-378__, William E. Wolfe, Tarunjit S. ButaliaChapter 3.12 - The strength of multilayered composites under a plane-stress state, __Pages 379-401__, Peter A. Zinoviev, Sergei V. Grigoriev, Olga V. Lebedeva, Ludmilla P. TairovaChapter 3.13 - Predicting the nonlinear response and progressive failure of composite laminates, __Pages 402-428__, Travis A. Bogetti, Christopher P.R. Hoppel, Vasyl M. Harik, James F. Newill, Bruce P. BurnsChapter 3.14 - The predictive capability of failure mode concept-based strength criteria for multidirectional laminates, __Pages 429-489__, R.G. Cuntze, A. FreundChapter 3.15 - Composite laminate failure analysis using multicontinuum theory, __Pages 490-517__, J. Steven Mayes, Andrew C. HansenChapter 3.16 - A bridging model prediction of the ultimate strength of composite laminates subjected to biaxial loads, __Pages 518-596__, Zheng-Ming HuangChapter 3.17 - Expanding the capabilities of the Ten-Percent Rule for predicting the strength of fibre-polymer composites, __Pages 597-642__, L.J. Hart-SmithChapter 4.1 - A comparative study of failure theories and predictions for fibre polymer composite laminates: Part (A), __Pages 644-701__, A.S. Kaddour, M.J. Hinton, P.D. SodenChapter 5.1 - Application of progressive fracture analysis for predicting failure envelopes and stress-strain behaviors of composite laminates: A comparison with experimental results, __Pages 703-725__, P.K. Gotsis, C.C. Chamis, L. MinnetyanChapter 5.2 - Failure criteria for use in the design environment, __Pages 726-738__, G.C. EckoldChapter 5.3 - A comparison of theory and experiment for the stress-based Grant-Sanders method, __Pages 739-769__, E.C. EdgeChapter 5.4 - Comparison between theories and test data concerning the strength of various fibre-polymer composites, __Pages 770-809__, L.J. Hart-SmithChapter 5.5 - Prediction of ply crack formation and failure in laminates, __Pages 810-831__, L.N. McCartneyChapter 5.6 - Failure analysis of FRP laminates by means of physically based phenomenological models, __Pages 832-876__, A. Puck, H. SchürmannChapter 5.7 - The Rotem failure criterion: Theory and practice, __Pages 877-889__, A. RotenChapter 5.8 - The prediction of failure envelopes and stress/strain behavior of composite laminates: Comparison with experimental results, __Pages 890-902__, C.T. Sun, J. Tao, A.S. KaddourChapter 5.9 - A progressive quadratic failure criterion, part B, __Pages 903-921__, Akira Kuraishi, Stephen W. Tsai, Kevin K.S. LiuChapter 5.10 - A strain-energy-based non-linear failure criterion: Comparison of numerical predictions and experimental observations for symmetric composite laminates, __Pages 922-942__, Tarunjit S. Butalia, William E. WolfeChapter 5.11 - A coupled analysis of experimental and theoretical results on the deformation and failure of composite laminates under a state of plane stress, __Pages 943-960__, Peter A. Zinoviev, Olga V. Lebedeva, Ludmilla P. TairovaChapter 5.12 - Predicting the nonlinear response and failure of composite laminates: Correlation with experimental results, __Pages 961-975__, Travis A. Bogetti, Christopher P.R. Hoppel, Vasyl M. Harik, James F. Newill, Bruce P. BurnsChapter 5.13 - The predictive capability of failure mode concept-based strength criteria for multi-directional laminates—Part B, __Pages 976-1025__, R.G. CuntzeChapter 5.14 - A comparison of multicontinuum theory based failure simulation with experimental results, __Pages 1026-1044__, J. Steven Mayes, Andrew C. HansenChapter 5.15 - Correlation of the bridging model predictions of the biaxial failure strengths of fibrous laminates with experiments, __Pages 1045-1071__, Zheng-Ming HuangChapter 6.1 - Predictive capabilities of nineteen failure theories and design methodologies for polymer composite laminates. Part B: Comparison with experiments, __Pages 1073-1221__, A.S. Kaddour, M.J. Hinton, P.D. SodenChapter 7.1 - Recommendations for designers and researchers resulting from the world-wide failure exercise, __Pages 1223-1251__, P.D. Soden, A.S. Kaddour, M.J. HintonIndex, __Pages 1253-1255__ This book is concerned with the topical problems of mechanics of advanced composite materials whose mechanical properties are controlled by high-strength and high-stiffness continuous fibers embedded in polymeric, metal, or ceramic matrix. Although the idea of combining two or more components to produce materials with controlled properties has been known and used from time immemorial, modern composites were only developed several decades ago and have now found intensive application in different fields of engineering, particularly in aerospace structures for which high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios are required.

There already exist numerous publications that cover anisotropic elasticity, mechanics of composite materials, design, analysis, fabrication, and application of composite structures but the difference between this book and the existing ones is that this is of a more specific nature. It covers specific features of material behaviour such as nonlinear elasticity, plasticity, creep, and structural nonlinearity and discusses in detail the problems of material micro- and macro-mechanics that are only slightly touched in existing books, e.g. stress diffusion in a unidirectional material with broken fibers, physical and statistical aspects of fiber strength, coupling effects in anisotropic and laminated materials, etc.

The authors are designers of composite structures who were involved in practically all the main Soviet and then Russian projects in composite technology, and the permission of the Russian Composite Center - Central Institute of Special Machinery (CRISM) to use in this book the pictures of structures developed and fabricated in CRISM as part of the joint research and design project is much appreciated.

Mechanics and Analysis of Composite Materials consists of eight chapters progressively covering all structural levels of composite materials from their components through elementary plies and layers to laminates.
This book is concerned with the topical problems of mechanics of advanced composite materials whose mechanical properties are controlled by high-strength and high-stiffness continuous fibers embedded in polymeric, metal, or ceramic matrix. Although the idea of combining two or more components to produce materials with controlled properties has been known and used from time immemorial, modern composites were only developed several decades ago and have now found intensive application in different fields of engineering, particularly in aerospace structures for which high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios are required. There already exist numerous publications that cover anisotropic elasticity, mechanics of composite materials, design, analysis, fabrication, and application of composite structures but the difference between this book and the existing ones is that this is of a more specific nature. It covers specific features of material behaviour such as nonlinear elasticity, plasticity, creep, and structural nonlinearity and discusses in detail the problems of material micro- and macro-mechanics that are only slightly touched in existing books, e.g. stress diffusion in a unidirectional material with broken fibers, physical and statistical aspects of fiber strength, coupling effects in anisotropic and laminated materials, etc. The authors are designers of composite structures who were involved in practically all the main Soviet and then Russian projects in composite technology, and the permission of the Russian Composite Center - Central Institute of Special Machinery (CRISM) to use in this book the pictures of structures developed and fabricated in CRISM as part of the joint research and design project is much appreciated. Mechanics and Analysis of Composite Materials consists of eight chapters progressively covering all structural levels of composite materials from their components through elementary plies and layers to laminates. The availability of efficient and cost-effective technologies to repair or extend the life of aging military airframes is becoming a critical requirement in most countries around the world, as new aircraft becoming prohibitively expensive and defence budgets shrink. To a lesser extent a similar situation is arising with civil aircraft, with falling revenues and the high cost of replacement aircraft.

This book looks at repair/reinforcement technology, which is based on the use of adhesively bonded fibre composite patches or doublers and can provide cost-effective life extension in many situations. From the scientific and engineering viewpoint, whilst simple in concept, this technology can be quite challenging particularly when used to repair primary structure. This is due to it being based on interrelated inputs from the fields of aircraft design, solid mechanics, fibre composites, structural adhesive bonding, fracture mechanics and metal fatigue. The technologies of non-destructive inspection (NDI) and, more recently smart materials, are also included. Operational issues are equally critical, including airworthiness certification, application technology (including health and safety issues), and training.

Including contributions from leading experts in Canada, UK, USA and Australia, this book discusses most of these issues and the latest developments. Most importantly, it contains real histories of application of this technology to both military and civil aircraft.

The availability of efficient and cost-effective technologies to repair or extend the life of aging military airframes is becoming a critical requirement in most countries around the world, as new aircraft becoming prohibitively expensive and defence budgets shrink. To a lesser extent a similar situation is arising with civil aircraft, with falling revenues and the high cost of replacement aircraft. This book looks at repair/reinforcement technology, which is based on the use of adhesively bonded fibre composite patches or doublers and can provide cost-effective life extension in many situations. From the scientific and engineering viewpoint, whilst simple in concept, this technology can be quite challenging particularly when used to repair primary structure. This is due to it being based on interrelated inputs from the fields of aircraft design, solid mechanics, fibre composites, structural adhesive bonding, fracture mechanics and metal fatigue. The technologies of non-destructive inspection (NDI) and, more recently smart materials, are also included. Operational issues are equally critical, including airworthiness certification, application technology (including health and safety issues), and training. Including contributions from leading experts in Canada, UK, USA and Australia, this book discusses most of these issues and the latest developments. Most importantly, it contains real histories of application of this technology to both military and civil aircraft. Fiber reinforced polymer composites are an extremely broad and versatile class of material.Their high strength coupled with lightweight leads to their use wherever structural efficiency is at a premium. Applications can be found in aircraft, process plants, sporting goods and military equipment.

However they are heterogeneous in construction and antisotropic, which makes making strength prediction extremely difficult especially compared to that of a metal.

This book brings together the results of a 12year worldwide failure exercise encompassing 19 theories in a single volume. Each contributor describes their own theory and employs it to solve 14 challenging problems. The accuracy of predictions and the performance of the theories are assessed and recommendations made on the uses of the theories in engineering design.

All the necessary information is provided for the methodology to be readily employed for validating and benchmarking new theories as they emerge.

Brings together 19 failure theories, with many application examples.
Compares the leading failure theories with one another and with experimental data
Failure to apply these theories could result in potentially unsafe designs or over design. Fiber reinforced polymer composites are an extremely broad and versatile class of material. Their high strength coupled with lightweight leads to their use wherever structural efficiency is at a premium. Applications can be found in aircraft, process plants, sporting goods and military equipment. However they are heterogeneous in construction and antisotropic, which makes making strength prediction extremely difficult especially compared to that of a metal. This book brings together the results of a 12year worldwide failure exercise encompassing 19 theories in a single volume. Each contributor describes their own theory and employs it to solve 14 challenging problems. The accuracy of predictions and the performance of the theories are assessed and recommendations made on the uses of the theories in engineering design. All the necessary information is provided for the methodology to be readily employed for validating and benchmarking new theories as they emerge. Brings together 19 failure theories, with many application examples. Compares the leading failure theories with one another and with experimental data Failure to apply these theories could result in potentially unsafe designs or over design Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are used in almost every type of advanced engineering structure, with their usage ranging from aircraft, helicopters and spacecraft through to boats, ships and offshore platforms and to automobiles, sports goods, chemical processing equipment and civil infrastructure such as bridges and buildlings. The usage of FRP composites continues to grow at an impessive rate as these materials are used more in their existing markets and become established in relatively new markets such as biomedical devices and civil structures. A key factor driving the increased applications of composites over the recent years is the development of new advanced forms of FRP materials. This includes developments in high performance resin systems and new styles of reinforcement, such as carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles. This book provides an up-to-date account of the fabrication, mechanical properties, delamination resistance, impact tolerance and applications of 3D FRP composites. The book focuses on 3D composites made using the textile technologies of weaving, braiding, knitting and stiching as well as by z-pinning.
Covers specific features of material behaviour such as nonlinear elasticity, plasticity, creep, and structural nonlinearity. This work discusses the problems of material micro- and macro-mechanics such as stress diffusion in a unidirectional material with broken fibers, physical and statistical aspects of fiber strength, and more Concerns with the topical problems of mechanics of advanced composite materials whose mechanical properties are controlled by high-strength and high-stiffness continuous fibers embedded in polymeric, metal, or ceramic matrix.