Factional Competition and Political Development in the New World (New Directions in Archaeology)

Factionalism is an important force of social transformation, and this volume examines how factional competition in the kinship and political structures in ancient New World societies led to the development of chiefdoms, states and empires. The case studies, from a range of New World societies, represent all levels of non-egalitarian societies and a wide variety of ecological settings in the New World. They document the effects of factionalism on the structure of particular polities: for example, how it might have led to the growth of social inequality, or to changing patterns of chiefly authority, or to state formation and expansion, or institutional specialisation. The work is a creative and substantial contribution to our understanding of the political dynamics in early state society, and will interest archaeologists, anthropologists, political scientists and historians. This book examines the role of factional competition in the evolution of political systems in the ancient New World. It analyzes how competing factions within local groups and between regions sparked the emergence of social inequality changing patterns of chiefly authority, the formation and expansion of states, and the rise of institutional specialization. The contributors isolate the sources of factional competition in the kinship and political structures of New World societies. They explore the opportunities and constraints presented by different mediums of competition such as feasting, gift-giving, and warfare, and analyze the relationship of factional competition to class struggle, ethnic identity, and resource shortages. They also define the evidence left by factional competition in the archaeological record. Recognizing the multiplicity of factions and interests that existed in prehistoric societies, the contributors suggest that theories of strict systemic or structural causality are inadequate for the analysis of social change. Instead, they offer studies that integrate agent-centered and system-centered views. The new insights into premodern political systems, the dynamics of social change, and the evolution of social complexity in the New World will interest archaeologists, anthropologists, political scientists, and historians. Edited By Elizabeth M. Brumfiel And John W. Fox. Includes Papers Presented At The Symposium Factional Competition And Political Development In The New World At The 46th International Congress Of Americanists And Additional Papers. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 207-229) And Indexes.