Faces of Charisma: Image, Text, Object in Byzantium and the Medieval West: Image, Text, Object in Byzantium and the Medieval West

In Faces of Charisma: Image, Text, Object in Byzantium and the Medieval West, a multi-disciplinary group of scholars advances the theory that charisma may be a quality of art as well as of person. Beginning with the argument that Weberian charisma of person is itself a matter of representation, this volume shows that to study charismatic art is to experiment with a theory of representation that allows for the possibility of nothing less than a breakdown between art and viewer and between art and lived experience. The volume examines charismatic works of literature, visual art, and architecture from England, Northern Europe, Italy, Ancient Greece, and Constantinople and from time periods ranging from antiquity to the beginning of the early modern period. Contributors are Joseph Salvatore Ackley, Paul Binski, Paroma Chatterjee, Andrey Egorov, Erik Gustafson, Duncan Hardy, Stephen Jaeger, Jacqueline E. Jung, Lynsey McCulloch, Martino Rossi Monti, Gavin Richardson, and Andrew Romig. Contents 5 Acknowledgments 7 Brigitte Bedos-Rezak and Martha Rust 7 List of Illustrations 8 List of Abbreviations 11 List of Contributors 12 Faces and Surfaces of Charisma: An Introductory Essay 15 Brigitte Miriam Bedos-Rezak and Martha D. Rust 15 From Charisma of Person to Charisma of Art, Via the Sublime and the Aura 17 Max Weber to C. Stephen Jaeger: From Charisma of Person to Charisma of Art 17 The Sublime, Charisma, Aura 26 Enchantment. Charismatic Art, Agency, Materiality 34 Charismatic Art 35 Audiences 35 Effects 38 Modalities 40 Charisma. A Face-Lift 47 The Volume 51 Part 1 59 Medieval and Modern: The Hermeneutics of Charisma 59 Chapter 1 61 The Mask of Grace: On Body and Beauty of Soul between Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages 61 Martino Rossi Monti 61 1 The Gift of Grace 61 2 The Holy Philosophers 66 3 The Christian Holy Men 68 4 The Middle Ages 72 5 The Mask of Grace 78 Primary Sources 83 Secondary Sources 85 Chapter 2 Compassion as Moral Virtue: Virgins in Gothic Sculpture 90 Compassion as Moral Virtue: Another Look at the Wise and Foolish Virgins in Gothic Sculpture 90 Jacqueline E. Jung 90 Introduction 90 “Virtue made visible”: The Wise and Foolish Virgins at Strasbourg Cathedral 94 The Hidden Oil of Conscience: Making Sense of the Virgins in the Exegetical Tradition 99 Casting Judgment: The Virgins as Emblems of Virtue and Vice 105 Charisma, Compassion, and the Eloquence of Bodies at Magdeburg Cathedral 112 Righteous Anger, Justified Sadness, and the Laughter of the Damned: The Strasbourg Virgins Revisited 127 Chapter 3 142 Charisma and Material Culture 142 Paul Binski 142 Making Magic? Surface and Experience, Gothic Voluptuaries 144 Bodywork and Conviction 149 Charisma and Material Culture 159 Part 2 169 Charismatic Art 169 Chapter 4 171 Charismatic Art and Biography in the Carolingian World 171 Andrew Romig 171 Abbreviations 191 Primary Sources 191 Secondary Sources 192 Chapter 5 195 The Saint’s Life as a Charismatic Form: Bernard of Clairvaux and Francis of Assisi 195 C. Stephen Jaeger 195 Life-Writing 195 Bernard: Grandiosity 199 Francis: Humility 201 The “Franciscan Question” 204 The Wolf of Gubbio and His Relatives 205 False Fables: Incommensurability 210 The Truth of the Stigmata 211 Charisma and the “Historical” Person 212 Primary Sources 216 Secondary Sources 216 Chapter 6 219 Charismatic Rulers in Civic Guise: Images of the Nine Worthies in Northern European Town Halls of the 14th-16th Centuries 219 Andrey Egorov 219 Part 3 255 Dazzling Reflections: Charismatic Art and Its Audience 255 Chapter 7 257 Charisma and the Ideal Viewer in Nicetas Choniates’s De signis 257 Paroma Chatterjee 257 Charisma in Public Spaces 262 The Voices of Statues 264 Epilogue 275 Chapter 8 281 Disenchantment: Hoccleve’s Tale of Jonathas and Male Revenge Fantasy 281 Gavin T. Richardson 281 Chapter 9 302 The Emperorship of Sigismund of Luxemburg (1410-37): Charisma and Government in the Later Medieval Holy Roman Empire 302 Duncan Hardy 302 Introduction: Later Medieval Politics and Culture through the Lens of Charisma 302 Sigismund of Luxemburg: The Charismatic Ruler in His Lifetime 310 Sigismund’s Charismatic Afterlife: The Idealized Emperor in the 15th- and 16th-Century Holy Roman Empire 321 Conclusion 328 Unpublished Sources 330 Published Primary Sources 330 Secondary Sources 331 Part 4 335 Mediation: The Intermediary Spaces of Charisma 335 Chapter 10 337 Medieval Franciscan Architecture as Charismatic Space 337 Erik Gustafson 337 Central Italian Franciscan Architecture and Space 340 Bonaventure and Medieval Charismata 347 The Historical Experience of Franciscan Charismata and Charismatic Space 353 Epilogue: Post-Weberian Charisma and the Compulsion of Architectural Space 356 Primary Sources 358 Secondary Sources 359 Chapter 11 362 Precious-Metal Figural Sculpture, Medium, and Mimesis in the Late Middle Ages 362 Joseph Salvatore Ackley 362 Introduction: Metal vs. Paint 362 The Charismatic Image 366 The Charismatic Image in Text 371 The Precious-Metal Figural Image 375 The Charismatic Potential of the Precious-Metal Figure 379 Media Hierarchy and Interchangeability 385 Conclusion 394 Chapter 12 400 “I’ll make the statue move indeed”: Charismatic Motion and the Disenchanted Image in Early Modern Drama 400 Lynsey McCulloch 400 Moving Idols in Early Modern Culture 403 Explicating Sculptural Movement 407 Charisma, and the Brazen Head 416 Conclusion 420 Index 425 Contents......Page 5 Brigitte Bedos-Rezak and Martha Rust......Page 7 List of Illustrations......Page 8 List of Abbreviations......Page 11 List of Contributors......Page 12 Brigitte Miriam Bedos-Rezak and Martha D. Rust......Page 15 Max Weber to C. Stephen Jaeger: From Charisma of Person to Charisma of Art......Page 17 The Sublime, Charisma, Aura......Page 26 Enchantment. Charismatic Art, Agency, Materiality......Page 34 Audiences......Page 35 Effects......Page 38 Modalities......Page 40 Charisma. A Face-Lift......Page 47 The Volume......Page 51 Medieval and Modern: The Hermeneutics of Charisma......Page 59 1 The Gift of Grace......Page 61 2 The Holy Philosophers......Page 66 3 The Christian Holy Men......Page 68 4 The Middle Ages......Page 72 5 The Mask of Grace......Page 78 Primary Sources......Page 83 Secondary Sources......Page 85 Introduction......Page 90 “Virtue made visible”: The Wise and Foolish Virgins at Strasbourg Cathedral......Page 94 The Hidden Oil of Conscience: Making Sense of the Virgins in the Exegetical Tradition......Page 99 Casting Judgment: The Virgins as Emblems of Virtue and Vice......Page 105 Charisma, Compassion, and the Eloquence of Bodies at Magdeburg Cathedral......Page 112 Righteous Anger, Justified Sadness, and the Laughter of the Damned: The Strasbourg Virgins Revisited......Page 127 Paul Binski......Page 142 Making Magic? Surface and Experience, Gothic Voluptuaries......Page 144 Bodywork and Conviction......Page 149 Charisma and Material Culture......Page 159 Charismatic Art......Page 169 Andrew Romig......Page 171 Primary Sources......Page 191 Secondary Sources......Page 192 Life-Writing......Page 195 Bernard: Grandiosity......Page 199 Francis: Humility......Page 201 The “Franciscan Question”......Page 204 The Wolf of Gubbio and His Relatives......Page 205 False Fables: Incommensurability......Page 210 The Truth of the Stigmata......Page 211 Charisma and the “Historical” Person......Page 212 Secondary Sources......Page 216 Andrey Egorov......Page 219 Dazzling Reflections: Charismatic Art and Its Audience......Page 255 Paroma Chatterjee......Page 257 Charisma in Public Spaces......Page 262 The Voices of Statues......Page 264 Epilogue......Page 275 Gavin T. Richardson......Page 281 Introduction: Later Medieval Politics and Culture through the Lens of Charisma......Page 302 Sigismund of Luxemburg: The Charismatic Ruler in His Lifetime......Page 310 Sigismund’s Charismatic Afterlife: The Idealized Emperor in the 15th- and 16th-Century Holy Roman Empire......Page 321 Conclusion......Page 328 Published Primary Sources......Page 330 Secondary Sources......Page 331 Mediation: The Intermediary Spaces of Charisma......Page 335 Erik Gustafson......Page 337 Central Italian Franciscan Architecture and Space......Page 340 Bonaventure and Medieval Charismata......Page 347 The Historical Experience of Franciscan Charismata and Charismatic Space......Page 353 Epilogue: Post-Weberian Charisma and the Compulsion of Architectural Space......Page 356 Primary Sources......Page 358 Secondary Sources......Page 359 Introduction: Metal vs. Paint......Page 362 The Charismatic Image......Page 366 The Charismatic Image in Text......Page 371 The Precious-Metal Figural Image......Page 375 The Charismatic Potential of the Precious-Metal Figure......Page 379 Media Hierarchy and Interchangeability......Page 385 Conclusion......Page 394 Lynsey McCulloch......Page 400 Moving Idols in Early Modern Culture......Page 403 Explicating Sculptural Movement......Page 407 Charisma, and the Brazen Head......Page 416 Conclusion......Page 420 Index......Page 425 In this book, a multi-disciplinary group of scholars advances the theory that charisma may be a quality of art as well as of person. Beginning with the argument that Weberian charisma of person is itself a matter of representation, this volume shows that to study charismatic art is to experiment with a theory of representation that allows for the possibility of nothing less than a breakdown between art and viewer and between art and lived experience. The volume examines charismatic works of literature, visual art, and architecture from England, Northern Europe, Italy, Ancient Greece, and Constantinople and from time periods ranging from antiquity to the beginning of the early modern period