Extreme environmental events : complexity in forecasting and early warning : [selected entries from the Encyclopedia of complexity and systems science

__Extreme Environmental Events__ is an authoritative single source for understanding and applying the basic tenets of complexity and systems theory, as well as the tools and measures for analyzing complex systems, to the prediction, monitoring, and evaluation of major natural phenomena affecting life on earth. These phenomena are often highly destructive, and include earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, climate change,, and weather. Early warning, damage, and the immediate response of human populations to these phenomena are also covered from the point of view of complexity and nonlinear systems. In 61 authoritative, state-of-the art articles, world experts in each field apply such tools and concepts as fractals, cellular automata, solitons game theory, network theory, and statistical physics to an understanding of these complex geophysical phenomena. Cover......Page 1 Extreme Environmental Events......Page 4 ISBN: 9781441976949......Page 5 Preface......Page 6 Sections......Page 7 About the Editor-in-Chief......Page 9 Editorial Board Members......Page 11 Section Editors......Page 13 Table of Contents......Page 15 Contributors......Page 18 Abrupt Climate Change Modeling......Page 24 Brittle Tectonics: A Non-linear Dynamical System......Page 45 Climate Change and Agriculture......Page 54 Climate Change and Human Health......Page 65 Climate Change, Economic Costs of......Page 75 ClimateModeling, Global Warming andWeather Prediction, Introduction to......Page 89 Complexity in Earthquakes, Tsunamis, and Volcanoes, and Forecast, Introduction to......Page 91 Crustal Deformation During the Seismic Cycle, Interpreting Geodetic Observations of......Page 102 Cryosphere Models......Page 118 Dynamic Games with an Application to Climate ChangeModels......Page 132 Earthquake Clusters over Multi-dimensional Space, Visualization of......Page 149 Earthquake Damage: Detection and EarlyWarning in Man-Made Structures......Page 173 Earthquake EarlyWarning System in Southern Italy......Page 198 Earthquake Engineering, Non-linear Problems in......Page 224 Earthquake Forecasting and Verification......Page 241 Earthquake Location, Direct, Global-SearchMethods......Page 253 Earthquake Magnitude......Page 278 Earthquake Monitoring and Early Warning Systems......Page 301 Earthquake Networks, Complex......Page 335 Earthquake Nucleation Process......Page 343 Earthquake Occurrence and Mechanisms, StochasticModels for......Page 361 Earthquake Scaling Laws......Page 387 Earthquake Source: Asymmetry and Rotation Effects......Page 406 Earthquake Source Parameters, Rapid Estimates for Tsunami Warning......Page 429 Earthquakes, Dynamic Triggering of......Page 448 Earthquakes, Electromagnetic Signals of......Page 470 Earth’s Crust and Upper Mantle, Dynamics of Solid–Liquid Systems in......Page 485 Evacuation as a Communication and Social Phenomenon......Page 507 Evacuation Dynamics: Empirical Results, Modeling and Applications......Page 540 Extreme Events in Socio-economic and Political Complex Systems, Predictability of......Page 574 Fractals in Geology and Geophysics......Page 591 Geo-complexity and Earthquake Prediction......Page 596 GPS: Applications in Crustal DeformationMonitoring......Page 612 Ground Motion: Complexity and Scaling in the Near Field of Earthquake Ruptures......Page 646 Infrasound from Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Volcanoes......Page 686 JerkyMotion inSlowly Driven Magnetic and Earthquake Fault Systems, Physics of......Page 703 Pedestrian, Crowd and Evacuation Dynamics......Page 720 Percolation, and Faults and Fractures in Rock......Page 740 Pressure Impulses Generated by Bubbles Interacting with Ambient Perturbation......Page 754 Regional ClimateModels: Linking Global Climate Change to Local Impacts......Page 776 SeismicWave Propagation inMedia with Complex Geometries, Simulation of......Page 788 SeismicWaves in Heterogeneous Earth, Scattering of......Page 811 Seismicity, Critical States of: FromModels to Practical Seismic Hazard Estimates Space......Page 828 Seismicity, Statistical Physics Approaches to......Page 848 Single ColumnModeling of Atmospheric Boundary Layers and the Complex Interactions with the Land Surface......Page 867 Slug Flow:Modeling in a Conduit and Associated Elastic Radiation......Page 881 Solitons, Tsunamis and Oceanographical Applications of......Page 896 Submarine Landslides and Slow Earthquakes: Monitoring Motion with GPS and Seafloor Geodesy......Page 912 System DynamicsModels of Environment, Energy and Climate Change......Page 931 Tomography, Seismic......Page 951 Tsunami Earthquakes......Page 990 Tsunami Forecasting andWarning......Page 1005 Tsunami Inundation, Modeling of......Page 1031 Tsunamis, Inverse Problem of......Page 1045 Volcanic Eruptions, Explosive: Experimental Insights......Page 1058 Volcanic Eruptions: Cyclicity During Lava Dome Growth......Page 1105 Volcanic Eruptions: Stochastic Models of Occurrence Patterns......Page 1127 Volcanic Hazards and Early Warning......Page 1158 Volcano Seismic Signals, Source Quantification of......Page 1169 Volcanoes, Non-linear Processes in......Page 1202 WedgeMechanics: Relation with Subduction Zone Earthquakes and Tsunamis......Page 1230 List of Glossary Terms......Page 1242 "Extreme Environmental Events is an authoritative single source for understanding and applying the basic tenets of complexity and systems theory, as well as the tools and measures for analyzing complex systems, to the prediction, monitoring, and evaluation of major natural phenomena affecting life on earth. These phenomena are often highly destructive, and include earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, climate change, and weather. Early warning, damage, and the immediate response of human populations to these phenomena are also covered from the point of view of complexity and nonlinear systems. In 61 authoritative, state-of-the art articles, world experts in each field apply such tools and concepts as fractals, cellular automata, solitons game theory, network theory, and statistical physics to an understanding of these complex geophysical phenomena"--Page 4 of cover "Extreme Environmental Events is an authoritative single source for understanding and applying the basic tenets of complexity and systems theory, as well as the tools and measures for analyzing complex systems, to the prediction, monitoring, and evaluation of major natural phenomena affecting life on earth. These phenomena are often highly destructive, and include earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, climate change, and weather. Early warning, damage, and the immediate response of human populations to these phenomena are also covered from the point of view of complexity and nonlinear systems. In 61 authoritative, state-of-the art articles, world experts in each field apply such tools and concepts as fractals, cellular automata, solitons game theory, network theory, and statistical physics to an understanding of these complex geophysical phenomena"--Back cover