Extraction/Exclusion: Beyond Binaries of Exclusion and Inclusion in Natural Resource Extraction (Geopolitical Bodies, Material Worlds)

Extraction/Exclusion draws and builds on scholarship from across the social sciences to show that natural resource extraction is predicated on exclusions. This innovative workportrays how inclusionary language and practices paradoxically often result in further exclusions, concealing unchanged systems of domination and dispossession and reproducing violent exploitative processes on the ground. Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Key Questions and Contributions of This Book Exclusion and Inclusion in Contemporary Resource Extraction Neoliberal Extraction as Exclusion The Inclusionary Model of Extraction Resource Exclusions and Inclusions: Our Approach Beyond Binaries Binaries in Resource Scholarship Beyond Binaries Unsettling Definitions Structure of the Book Notes References Part I: Haves/Have-Nots Unsettling the Political Ecologies of Extraction Notes References Chapter 1: Gold as a Frictious Fiction : Managing Gold Extraction Through Technocratic Discourse in Postsocialist Kyrgyzstan Emergence of the “Messy Ground”: Gold as a Frictious Fiction Discursive Management of the “Messy Ground”: Mapping Natural Resources against Historical, Cultural, and Political Dynamics Narrative 1: Criminalization of Society in the Post-independence Era Narrative 2: The Socialist Past Interpreted in Its Double Manifestation of Strong Mining Labor, and Yet Social Parasitism Narrative 3: “Traditionalism” as a Backward and Parochial Alternative to Extraction Conclusion Notes References Chapter 2: A Political Ecology of Environmental Law Enforcement: Civil Complaints and Environmental Justice in Post-neoliberal Ecuador Conceptualizing a Political Ecology of Environmental Law Enforcement Civil Complaints and the Limits to Environmental Law Enforcement Environmental Governance of Extraction: Past and Present Civil Complaints and Their Limits Conclusion Notes References Part II: Oppressors/Oppressed Chapter II: Gender, Race, and the Extractive/Extracted Body References Chapter 3: A Decolonial Feminist Dialogue-as-Critique: Against the Sexual and Racialized Violence at the Heart of Extractivism Decolonial Feminisms and Critiques of Extractivism Race, Sexuality, and the Extractive Logics of Dispossession Bocas del Toro, Panama Nanga-Eboko, Cameroon Sexual Violence and Extractivism: An Enduring Entanglement Acknowledgments References Chapter 4: Young Female Miners in Tajikistani Coal Mines: Intersectional Extractive Violence and Ecologies of Exhaustion “Ecologies of Exhaustion” and the Slow Violence of Capitalist Extractive Landscapes: A Decolonial Feminist Political Ecology Reading An Emergent Postsocialist Extractive Capitalism: Resource Struggles and Productive Exhaustion in Tajikistan and Kante (Trans)National Struggles: The Rise of Extractive Capitalism Local Manifestations in Kante Productive Exhaustion Intersectional Extractive Violence: Women’s Exclusions and the Threat of Reproductive Exhaustion Women Miners’ Exclusions Young Female Miners Reproductive Exhaustion, Difference, Reworkings Conclusion References Part III: Human/Nonhuman The More Than Human References Chapter 5: Extractive Industry, Impact Assessments, and Exclusion in Northwest Greenland Making the Extractive Frontier Places of Human and Nonhuman Encounters Mapping, Surveying, and Impact Assessments Conclusion Acknowledgments Notes References Chapter 6: Intimate Encounters with Uranium at an Anticipated Uranium Mine in Tanzania Pollution, the Body, and Powerful Materials Homa A Corporate Response to Rumors of Water Pollution The Impacts of Unmined Uranium, Water, and Labor Social Illness and Traces of Resistance Conclusion Notes References Part IV: Static Materials/Dynamic Materials Resource Materialities, Temporalities, and Affect References Chapter 7: Contested Futures in British Columbia’s Hydro-Extractive Corridor: Progress, Pragmatism, and Visionary Activism Time and the Future Hydro-Extractive Ethnography Contested Futures Progress Pragmatism Visionary Activism Conclusion: Other Worlds Are Possible Notes References Chapter 8: Zinc’s Time in the Sun?: Tracing the Reopening of the Riso and Parina Valleys’ Mines from Precarious Optimism to Affective Indeterminacy The Rise, Fall, and Long-Awaited Resurgence of Mining in the Valleys Global Mineral Markets, Local Economies, and Affective Attachments Precarious Hopes, Uncertainties, and the Arrival of “the Australians” “Cruel Optimism?” The Ethereal Promise of Subjectivity and Security Notes References Part V: Large-Scale/Small-Scale Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining References Chapter 9: Artisanal and Large-Scale Mine Relations: Laying the Groundwork for Autonomous Coexistence in Sub-Saharan Africa Artisanal and Large-Scale Mine Partnerships in Sub-Saharan Africa: Critical Reflections Issue #1: The ASM Communities Themselves Issue #2: The Unpredictable Behavior of Multinational Gold Mining Companies Issue #3: Disengaged Host Governments Singling Out the Mali Case The Government of Mali The Orpaillage Mining Companies Conclusion Notes References Chapter 10: Negotiating Inclusion and Exclusion in Artisanal Oil Extraction: The Case of Two Villages in East Java, Indonesia A Brief History of Artisanal Oil Mining and Oil Culture in Wonocolo and Hargomulyo Curtailing Artisanal Oil Mining Through Exclusion and Inclusion Conclusion Acknowledgments Notes References Part VI: Inclusion/Exclusion Precarious Resource Inclusions From Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to FPIC Example of Practical Initiatives That Can Support Indigenous Communities’ Participation in Mining and FPIC Process—The Aluminum Stewardship Initiative’s (ASI)1—Indigenous Peoples Advisory Forum (IPAF)2 Conclusion Notes References Chapter 11: Contractual Violence: Impact-Benefit Agreements and the Violent Exclusions Hidden by “Consent” From Repression to “Engagement” Violence and Consent New Caledonia Methods Excluding Rhéébù Nùù Excluding Women Excluding the Government Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 12: In the Ebbs and Flows of Resource Extraction, Who Is a Stakeholder?: Insights from West Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland) Academic and Activist Engagement with Public Participation Material and Nonmaterial Effects of Anticipated Extraction The Materialization of Expectations11 Hopes, Concerns, and Expectations Nonparticipation and the Making and Unmaking of Stakeholders14 Affected Communities Finding the Right Method? Colonial Logics of Extraction and Participation Distanced Stakeholders Conclusion Postscriptum Acknowledgments Notes References Conclusion Extraction: Classic Editions EX-Tract: Harnessing the Speculative Potential of Extraction Ex-TRACT: Diagnosing How Raw Material Economies Take Hold Treasure Rent Scale Economies Financial Speculation Conclusions Acknowledgments References Index About the Contributors