External influences and the educational landscape - An analysis of political, economic, geographic, health and demographic factors in Ghana

While the analysis is not the first to investigate empirically the effects of different individual or household factors on school access and completion of Ghanaians, it extends previous work by simultaneously incorporating individual, household, community, regional and national characteristics and also illustrates the latest evidence by applying international data sources and unusually detailed household survey data for a sub-Saharan country. Its focus is threefold: (i) gaining a richer understanding of which external influences hinder educational access and attainment in Ghana, (ii) how to better tackle these challenges and (iii) analyzing how educational development affects the country‘s overall development. An interview with the Minister of Education helps guide the policy orientation of the analysis by identifying several critical challenges and areas of needed policy attention. Findings from the data analysis indicate that the geographic divide between the North and South, increased economic growth, demographic pressure and a number of individual, household and community factors especially children‘s nutritional and labour status are the most important challenges in increasing levels of education among Ghanaians in years to come. Finally, the analysis pilots a new and comprehensive results- and capacity-focused policy matrix to help the Government of Ghana realign policy priorities and reform existing programs. To this end, respective policy levers on the demand- and supply-side are discussed, with particular reference to external and demand-side interventions which have not received the necessary attention at the policy-level to improve educational opportunities and outcomes at all levels.​ Acknowledgment Contents 1 Introduction 2 Political Environment: Stability, Public Spending and Policy 3 Macroeconomics: Skills, Diversification, Economic Structure and Growth 4 Geography and the Tale of Two Ghanas: The North–South Divide 5 Health Status of Children: Vulnerability and Educational Effects 6 Economics of Education: Household Welfare, Poverty and Child Labour 7 Demographics: Population Growth, Household Structure and Migration Patterns 8 Policy Discussion: Outlining Policy Options and Solutions 9 Conclusion: Coping Strategies, Emerging Challenges and Opportunities References While the analysis is not one to investigate empirically effects of different individual or household factors on school access and completion of Ghanaians. This title extends previous work by simultaneously incorporating individual, household, community, and national characteristics. It illustrates evidence by applying international data sources.