Expressionism and Modernism in the American Theatre: Bodies, Voices, Words (Cambridge Studies in American Theatre and Drama, Series Number 21)

Although often dismissed as a minor offshoot of the better-known German movement, expressionism on the American stage represents a critical phase in the development of American dramatic modernism. Situating expressionism within the context of early twentieth-century American culture, Walker demonstrates how playwrights who wrote in this mode were responding both to new communications technologies and to the perceived threat they posed to the embodied act of meaning. At a time when mute bodies gesticulated on the silver screen, ghostly voices emanated from tin horns, and inked words stamped out the personality of the hand that composed them, expressionist playwrights began to represent these new cultural experiences by disarticulating the theatrical languages of bodies, voices and words. In doing so, they not only innovated a new dramatic form, but redefined playwriting from a theatrical craft to a literary art form, heralding the birth of American dramatic modernism. Frontmatter List of illustrations (page viii) Acknowledgments (page x) Part I Introduction (page 1) 1 Bodies: actors and artistic agency on the nineteenth-century stage (page 13) 2 Voices: oratory, expression, and the text/performance split (page 58) 3 Words: copyright and the creation of the performance "text" (page 84) Part II Introduction (page 111) 4 The "unconscious autobiography" of Eugene O'Neill (page 123) 5 Elmer Rice and the cinematic imagination (page 155) 6 "I love a parade!": John Howard Lawson's minstrel burlesque of the American Dream (page 188) 7 Sophie Treadwell's "pretty hands" (page 211) Epilogue: "modern times" (page 239) Notes (page 247) Works cited (page 278) Index (page 293) This study addresses the direct influence on American theatre of new technologies at the turn of the twentieth century. Walker argues that a specific form of drama - expressionism - developed in response to these technologies and to popular fears about them. Julia A. Walker. Based On The Author's Dissertation, Duke University. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 278-292) And Index.