Explosive Welding : Processes and Structures

This reference explores explosion welding, a high intensity, transient impact that achieves metal compounds not obtainable otherwise. Electron microscopy images cover the structure of numerous welded joints including titanium–orthorhombic titanium aluminide, copper–tantalum, aluminum–tantalum, iron–silver, steel–steel, and copper–titanium. These weldable pairs have different solubility than their initial elements. The authors present various processes and structures including granulating fragmentation, cusps, splashes, and quasi-wave interface. Specific risk zones for chemical and petrochemical (coke chamber) reactors are probed and suggestions offered. Key Features: Offers new theories about explosion welding processes and structures Investigates dozens of weldable pairs with differing solubility from initial elements Studies both hetero- and homogeneous pairs Explores welded joints with flat, wavy and quasi-wavy separation boundaries Observes irregularities of the separation surface relief observing asperities and splashes and their transformation under intensified welding modes Unveils a new type of fragmentation under explosion welding Explosive Welding: Processes and Structures is a valuable resource for a wide range of experts involved in explosion welding, engineers, as well as graduate and postgraduate students. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents 1: Introduction 2: Materials and joints 3: Experimental results 3.1. Titanium–orthorhombic titanium aluminide 3.1.1. (Aw): Titanium – VTI-1, wavy boundary 3.1.2. (Bw) welded joint: titanium VTI-4, the wavy interface 3.1.3. (Ap) welded joint: titanium–VTI-1, flat melted interface 3.1.4. (Bp) welded joint titanium–VTI-4, almost flat, partially melted interface 3.2. Copper–tantalum 3.2.1. (Cw): copper-tantalum welded joint, flat interface 3.2.2. (Cw): copper–tantalum, wavy boundary 3.3. Aluminium–tantalum 3.3.1: (Ep) aluminium–tantalum welded joint, flat border 3.3.2. (Ew): aluminium–tantalum, wavy interface 3.5. Steel–steel 4: Discussion of results 4.1. Fragmentation of the granulating type 4.2. Fragmentation under severe deformation 4.3. Consolidation of powders with SPD by torsion 4.3.1. Quartz 4.3.2. Rock crystal 4.3.3. X-ray analysis 4.3.4. Glasses (slide, quartz) 4.3.5. Glass sticking 4.3.6. Microcracks 4.3.7. Conclusion 4.4. Surface relief: cusps 4.5. Melting 4.5.1. Particle scattering and melting 4.5.2. Colloidal solutions 4.5.3. Vortex formation 4.5.4. Melting and gluing 5: Risk zones when explosive welding 5.1. Chemical reactor 5.2. Petrochemical reactor (coke oven) 6: Fractal analysis of the surface relief 6.1. Islands 6.2. Coastline 7: Evolution of the interface of copper–tantalum and aluminium–tantalum welded joints 7.1. Material and research methods 7.2. Relief of the flat surface section 7.2.1. (Cp↓) copper–tantalum welded joint, below the lower boundary 7.2.2. (Ep↓) aluminium–tantalum welds below the lower boundary 7.2.3. (Cp) copper–tantalum welds at the lower boundary 7.3. Relief of the wavy interface 7.3.1. (C(a)w), (C(b)w) copper – tantalum welded joints near (above) the lower boundary 7.3.2. (C(c)w), (C(d)w) copper–tantalum welded joint above the lower boundary 8: Evolution of the interface of copper–titanium welded joints 8.1. Material and research methods 8.2. Experimental results (copper–titanium) 8.2.1. Welded joints (4'), (4) 8.2.2. Welded joints (3) 8.2.3. Welded joints (1) and (1') 8.2.4. Welded joints (2) and (2') 8.2.5. Welded joints (5) and (5') 8.2.6. The formation of intermetallic welded joints 9: Welding of homogeneous materials 9.1. The structure and properties of explosion-produced joints of homogeneous metals and alloys 9.1.1. Bimetals from aluminium and its alloys 9.1.2. Steel bimetals 9.2. The choice of a homogeneous copper–copper pair 9.3. Welding parameters 9.4. Experimental results for copper–melchior alloys welded joints 9.5. Fractal description of the interface for the copper–melchior alloy welded joint 10: Structure of multilayer composites produced by explosive welding 10.1. Structure and properties of certain composites 10.1.1. Steel-based composites 10.1.2. Magnesium-based composites 10.1.3. Nb–Cu and Ta–Cu welded joints 10.2. Multi-layered composites based on Cu–Ta 10.2.1. Experimental material and procedure 10.2.2. Microstructure of Cu–Ta multilayer composite materials produced by explosive welding 10.2.3. Mechanical alloying in the case of torsion under pressure for the Cu–Ta system 11: Self-organization processes 11.1. Transitions from splashes to waves 11.2. Simulation experiments References Index This reference explores explosion welding, a high intensity, transient impact that achieves metal compounds not obtainable otherwise. Electron microscopy images cover the structure of numerous welded joints including titanium-orthorhombic titanium aluminide, copper-tantalum, aluminum-tantalum, iron-silver, steel-steel, and copper-titanium. These weldable pairs have different solubility than their initial elements. The authors present various processes and structures including granulating fragmentation, cusps, splashes, and quasi-wave interface. Specific risk zones for chemical and petrochemical (coke chamber) reactors are probed and suggestions offered.--Back cover This reference explores explosion welding, a high intensity, transient impact that achieves metal compounds not obtainable otherwise. It examines weldable pairs with different solubility than their initial elements. The book is intended for a wide range of experts involved in explosion welding, for engineers, graduate and post graduate students.