مهندسی را کشف کنید، ویرایش دوم: مقدمه‌ای بر مهندسی و طراحی

Winner in its first edition of the Best New Undergraduate Textbook by the Professional and Scholarly Publishing Division of the American Association of Publishers (AAP), Kosky, et al is the first text offering an introduction to the major engineering fields, and the engineering design process, with an interdisciplinary case study approach. It introduces the fundamental physical, chemical and material bases for all engineering work and presents the engineering design process using examples and hands-on projects. Organized in two parts to cover both the concepts and practice of engineering: Part I, Minds On, introduces the fundamental physical, chemical and material bases for all engineering work while Part II, Hands On, provides opportunity to do design projects An Engineering Ethics Decision Matrix is introduced in Chapter 1 and used throughout the book to pose ethical challenges and explore ethical decision-making in an engineering context Lists of "Top Engineering Achievements" and "Top Engineering Challenges" help put the material in context and show engineering as a vibrant discipline involved in solving societal problems New to this edition: Additional discussions on what engineers do, and the distinctions between engineers, technicians, and managers (Chapter 1) New coverage of Renewable Energy and Environmental Engineering helps emphasize the emerging interest in Sustainable Engineering New discussions of Six Sigma in the Design section, and expanded material on writing technical reports Re-organized and updated chapters in Part I to more closely align with specific engineering disciplines new end of chapter excercises throughout the book Cover 1 Title Page 3 Copyright Page 4 Foreword 12 Acknowledgments 18 Table of Contents 6 PART 1: Minds-On 19 Chapter 1: What Engineers Do 21 1.1 Introduction 21 1.2 What Do Engineers Do? 21 1.3 What Makes a "Good" Engineer? 23 1.4 What This Book Covers 23 1.5 Personal and Professional Ethics 26 1.6 What Are Professional Ethics? 27 1.7 Engineering Ethics Decision Matrix 29 1.8 What You Should Expect from This Book 32 Summary 32 Exercises 33 Chapter 2: Key Elements of Engineering Analysis 39 2.1 Engineering Analysis 39 2.2 The SI Unit System 40 2.3 Force, Weight, and Mass 43 2.4 Significant Figures 47 Summary 50 Exercises 50 Chapter 3: Solving Problems and Spreadsheet Analyses 55 3.1 The Need-Know-How-Solve Method 55 3.2 Spreadsheet Analysis 58 3.3 Graphing in Spreadsheets 66 Summary 68 Exercises 69 Chapter 4: Energy: Kinds, Conversion, and Conservation 75 4.1 Using Energy 75 4.2 Energy is the Capability to Do Work 76 4.3 Kinds of Energy 78 4.4 Energy Conversion 85 4.5 Conservation of Energy 86 Summary 90 Exercises 90 Chapter 5: Chemical Energy and Chemical Engineering 95 5.1 Chemical Energy Conversion 95 5.2 Atoms, Molecules, and Chemical Reactions 96 5.3 The mol and the kmol 96 5.4 Stoichiometry 98 5.5 The Heating Value of Hydrocarbon Fuels 102 5.6 How Do You Make Chemical Fuels? 106 Summary 111 Exercises 111 Chapter 6: Mechanical Engineering 117 6.1 The Otto Cycle 117 6.2 Modeling the Power Output of the Otto Cycle 123 6.3 The Diesel Cycle 125 6.4 The Brayton Cycle 127 6.5 Motion 128 6.6 Improving the Otto, Diesel, and Brayton Cycles 129 6.7 Another Vision of the Future 131 Summary 133 Exercises 133 Chapter 7: Electrical Engineering 137 7.1 Electrical Circuits 137 7.2 Resistance, Ohm's Law, and the "Power Law" 140 7.3 Series and Parallel Circuits 141 7.4 Kirchhoff's Laws 145 7.5 Switches 149 Summary 152 Exercises 152 Chapter 8: Electrochemical Engineering and Alternate Energy Sources 157 8.1 Electrochemistry 157 8.2 Principles of Electrochemical Engineering 160 8.3 Lead-Acid Batteries 160 8.4 The Ragone Chart 163 8.5 Electrochemical Series 164 8.6 Advanced Batteries 167 8.7 Fuel Cells 167 8.8 Ultracapacitors 172 Summary 173 Exercises 173 Chapter 9: Logic and Computers 179 9.1 Moore's Law 179 9.2 Analog Computers 180 9.3 From Analog to Digital Computing 181 9.4 Binary Logic 181 9.5 Truth Tables 184 9.6 Decimal and Binary Numbers 186 9.7 Binary Arithmetic 188 9.8 Binary Codes 192 9.9 How Does a Computer Work? 192 Summary 195 Exercises 195 Chapter 10: Control System Design and Mechatronics 201 10.1 What Is Mechatronics? 201 10.2 Modeling the Control System as a Block Diagram 202 10.3 Selecting a Control Strategy 207 10.4 Transient Control Theory 211 10.5 Global Warming and Positive Feedback 214 10.6 Drive-by-Wire 216 10.7 Implementing the Chosen Strategy in Hardware 218 Summary 219 Exercises 220 Chapter 11: Materials Engineering 233 11.1 Choosing the Right Material 233 11.2 Strength 235 11.3 Defining Materials Requirements 239 11.4 Materials Selection 246 11.5 Properties of Modern Materials 248 Summary 250 Exercises 250 Chapter 12: Civil Engineering: The Art and Engineering of Bridge Design 255 12.1 The Beauty of Bridges 255 12.2 Free-Body Diagrams and Static Equilibrium 256 12.3 Structural Elements 258 12.4 Efficient Structures 261 12.5 The Method of Joints 263 12.6 Solution of Large Problems 265 12.7 Designing with Factors of Safety 270 Summary 273 Exercises 274 Chapter 13: Engineering Kinematics 281 13.1 What is Kinematics? 281 13.2 Distance, Speed, Time, and Acceleration 281 13.3 The Speed Versus Time Diagram 283 13.4 Applying Kinematics to the Highway On-Ramp Problem 285 13.5 General Equations of Kinematics 287 13.6 The Highway Capacity Diagram 287 13.7 The Rotational Kinematics of Gears 293 Summary 298 Exercises 298 Chapter 14: Bioengineering 303 14.1 What Do Bioengineers Do? 303 14.2 Biological Implications of Injuries to the Head 304 14.3 Why Collisions Can Kill 306 14.4 The Fracture Criterion 307 14.5 The Stress-Speed-Stopping Distance-Area Criterion 310 14.6 Criteria for Predicting Effects of Potential Accidents 312 Summary 314 Exercises 314 Chapter 15: Manufacturing Engineering 319 15.1 What is Manufacturing? 319 15.2 Early Manufacturing 320 15.3 Industrial Revolution 321 15.4 Manufacturing Processes 323 15.5 Modern Manufacturing 334 15.6 Variability, Deming, and Six Sigma 338 Summary 344 Exercises 344 Chapter 16: Engineering Economics 351 16.1 Why is Economics Important? 351 16.2 The Cost of Money 351 16.3 When Is an Investment Worth It? 356 Summary 358 Exercises 359 PART 2: Hands-On 363 Chapter 17: Introduction to Engineering Design 365 17.1 The Nature of Engineering Design 365 17.2 Design Problems versus Homework Problems 366 17.3 Benefits of a Hands-On Design Project 366 17.4 Qualities of a Good Designer 366 17.5 How to Manage a Design Project 367 17.6 Two Ground Rules for Design 367 17.7 The Need for a Systematic Approach 369 17.8 Steps in the Engineering Design Process 370 17.9 Hands-on Design Exercise: The Tower 371 Chapter 18: Design Step 1: Defining the Problem 373 18.1 Problem Definition 373 18.2 List of Specifications 374 18.3 Design Milestone: Clarification of the Task 376 Chapter 19: Design Step 2: Generation of Alternative Concepts 379 19.1 Brainstorming 379 19.2 Concept Sketching 381 19.3 Hands-on Design Exercise: The Tube 383 19.4 Research-based Strategies for Promoting Creativity 383 19.5 Functional Decomposition for Complex Systems 384 19.6 Design Milestone: Generation of Alternatives 387 Chapter 20: Design Step 3: Evaluation of Alternatives and Selection of a Concept 389 20.1 Minimize the Information Content of the Design 389 20.2 Maintain the Independence of Functional Requirements 389 20.3 Design for Ease of Manufacture 392 20.4 Design for Robustness 393 20.5 Design for Adjustability 394 20.6 Hands-on Design Exercise: Waste Ball 396 20.7 The Decision Matrix 397 20.8 Design Milestone: Evaluation of Alternatives 402 Chapter 21: Design Step 4: Detailed Design 403 21.1 Analysis 403 21.2 Experiments 405 21.3 Models 408 21.4 Detailed Drawings 409 21.5 Design Milestone: Detailed Design 411 Chapter 22: Design Step 5: Design Defense 413 22.1 Design Milestone: Oral Design Defense 415 Chapter 23: Design Step 6: Manufacturing and Testing 417 23.1 Manufacturing and Testing Strategies 417 23.2 Materials 418 23.3 Joining Methods 419 23.4 Useful Hand Tools 420 23.5 Design Milestone: Design for Manufacture Assessment I 427 23.6 Design Milestone: Design for Manufacture Assessment II1 428 Chapter 24: Design Step 7: Performance Evaluation 429 24.1 Individual Performance Testing 429 24.2 The Final Competition 430 24.3 Design Milestone: Individual Performance Testing11The instructor must tailor this milestone to the design project.... 430 Chapter 25: Design Step 8: Design Report 433 25.1 Organization of the Report 433 25.2 Writing Guidelines 434 25.3 Design Milestone: Design Report 435 Chapter 26: Examples of Design Competitions 437 26.1 Design Competition Example 1: A Bridge Too Far 437 26.2 Design Milestone Solutions for A Bridge Too Far 439 26.3 Official Rules for the A Bridge Too Far Design Competition 446 26.4 Design Competition Example 2: The Mars Meteorite Retriever Challenge 448 26.5 Some Design Milestones for the Mars Meteorite Retriever Challenge 449 26.6 Official Rules for the Mars Meteorite Retriever Challenge Design Competition 451 Chapter 27: Closing Remarks on the Important Role of Design Projects 453 Postface 455 Index 457 Winner in its first edition of the Best New Undergraduate Textbook by the Professional and Scholarly Publishing Division of the American Association of Publishers (AAP), Kosky, et al is the first text offering an introduction to the major engineering fields, and the engineering design process, with an interdisciplinary case study approach. It introduces the fundamental physical, chemical and material bases for all engineering work and presents the engineering design process using examples and hands-on projects.

• Organized in two parts to cover both the concepts and practice of engineering: Part I, Minds On, introduces the fundamental physical, chemical and material bases for all engineering work while Part II, Hands On, provides opportunity to do design projects
• An Engineering Ethics Decision Matrix is introduced in Chapter 1 and used throughout the book to pose ethical challenges and explore ethical decision-making in an engineering context
• Lists of "Top Engineering Achievements" and "Top Engineering Challenges" help put the material in context and show engineering as a vibrant discipline involved in solving societal problems New to this edition:
• Additional discussions on what engineers do, and the distinctions between engineers, technicians, and managers (Chapter 1)
• New coverage of Renewable Energy and Environmental Engineering helps emphasize the emerging interest in Sustainable Engineering
• New discussions of Six Sigma in the Design section, and expanded material on writing technical reports
• Re-organized and updated chapters in Part I to more closely align with specific engineering disciplines

new end of chapter excercises throughout the book