Experimental Techniques In Condensed Matter Physics At Low Temperatures (Advanced Books Classics)

This practical book provides recipes for the construction of devices used in low temperature experimentation. Advice for solving various experimental problems at low temperatures include bridge and frequency measuring techniques, recommended procedures for reducing vibrations and stray electric signals, and calculations for optimizing the pumping seeds of gases. Edited by Nobel laureate Robert Richardson and Eric N. Smith, both of Cornell University, this volume emphasizes "what works", rather than what might be the optimum method, and lists current sources for purchasing components and equipment. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Editor's Foreword 6 Credits 8 Table of Contents 12 1: Introduction 14 2: Cooling and Cryogenic Equipment 18 2.1 Dewars and Magnets 18 2.2 Cryostats for Storage Dewars 50 2.3 Dilution Refrigerators 58 2.4 Pumps and Plumbing 68 2.5 Magnetic Cooling 89 3: Cryogenic Design Aids 110 3.1 Recipes 110 3.2 Special Materials 131 3.3 Vibration Isolation 142 3.4 Electric and Magnetic Isolation 158 3.5 Cooling the Sample 167 4: Experimental Techniques and Special Devices 180 4.1 Bridges 180 4.2 Torsional Oscillators 200 4.3 Cryogenic Electronics 213 4.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 224 4.5 Ultrasound 237 4.6 High Frequency Methods 248 4.7 Pressure Measurements 258 4.8 Electromagnetic Compatibility 280 5: Thermometry 300 5.1 Primary Thermometry 300 5.2 Magnetic Thermometry 312 5.3 Other Secondary Thermometers 321 References 334 Index 346