طراحی تجربی: از مطالعات کاربری تا روان‌سنجی

As computers proliferate and as the field of computer graphics matures, it has become increasingly important for computer scientists to understand how users perceive and interpret computer graphics. Experimental Design: From User Studies to Psychophysics is an accessible introduction to psychological experiments and experimental design, covering the major components in the design, execution, and analysis of perceptual studies. The book begins with an introduction to the concepts central to designing and understanding experiments, including developing a research question, setting conditions and controls, and balancing specificity with generality. The book then explores in detail a number of types of experimental tasks: free description, rating scales, forced-choice, specialized multiple choice, and real-world tasks as well as physiological studies. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each type and provides examples of that type of experiment from the authors’ own work. The book also covers stimulus-related issues, including popular stimulus resources. It concludes with a thorough examination of statistical techniques for analyzing results, including methods specific to individual tasks. Title Page ......Page 4 Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 12 I. Introduction......Page 16 1. What Is an Experiment?......Page 18 2. Designing an Experiment......Page 26 II. Response Measures......Page 52 3. The Task......Page 54 4. Free Description......Page 66 5. Rating Scales......Page 82 6. Forced-Choice......Page 116 7. Specialized Multiple Choice......Page 136 8. Real-World Tasks......Page 154 9. Physiology......Page 166 III. Stimuli......Page 196 10. Choosing Stimuli......Page 198 11. Presenting Stimuli: The Psychtoolbox......Page 214 IV. Data Analysis......Page 234 12. Statistical Issues......Page 236 13. Free Description, Questionnaires, and Rating Scales......Page 326 14. Forced and Multiple Choice......Page 358 Bibliography......Page 382 This book explains the basic terminology used to discuss experiments and takes a brief look at the more than 150 year history has in psychology. It covers how to generalize from a few people to the whole population. The largest part of the book is dedicated to the most flexible, and arguably the most central, aspect of an experiment: What do the participants do? Each chapter follows the same structure and includes two examples, one from traditional psychophysics and on using computer animated facial expressions as stimuli