Experimental And Applied Mechanics, Volume 6: Proceedings Of The 2014 Annual Conference On Experimental And Applied Mechanics (conference Proceedings Of The Society For Experimental Mechanics Series)

__Experimental and Applied Mechanics____, Volume 6: Proceedings of the 2014 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics__, the sixth volume of eight from the Conference, brings together contributions to important areas of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of topics, including: Advances in Residual Stress Measurement Methods Residual Stress Effects on Material Performance Inverse Problems and Hybrid Techniques Thermoelastic Stress Analysis Infrared Techniques Research in Progress Applications in Experimental Mechanics Preface 6 Contents 8 Chapter 1: Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Structural Health Monitoring 10 1.1 Introduction 10 1.2 Motivation 11 1.3 Experimental Procedure 12 1.4 Results and Discussion 12 1.4.1 Detection of Specimen Load State 13 1.4.2 Detection of Specimen Damage State 16 1.4.3 Detection of Specimen Fatigue State 16 1.5 Conclusions 20 References 20 Chapter 2: In situ Observation of NiTi Transformation Behaviour: A Micro-Macro Approach 21 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Previous Studies 22 2.3 Experimental Techniques 23 2.3.1 Testing Stage 23 2.3.2 Optical Microscopy 23 2.4 Specimen Preparation 24 2.4.1 Specimen Characterisation 24 2.5 Test Plan 25 2.6 Predictions and Limitations 26 2.7 Closing Remarks 27 References 28 Chapter 3: Bio-Inspired Design of a Multi-scale Pass Band Frequency Sensor Using Local Resonance Phenomena 29 3.1 Introduction and Literature Review 29 3.2 Numerical Approach 31 3.3 Experimental Approach 31 3.3.1 Fabrication 31 3.3.2 Testing 32 3.4 Results and Discussion 33 3.5 Conclusion 34 References 34 Chapter 4: Dynamic Equations for an Isotropic Spherical Shell Using Power Series Method and Surface Differential Operators 36 4.1 Introduction 36 4.2 Problem Formulation 37 4.3 The Shell Equations 38 4.4 Results 41 4.5 Conclusions 42 References 43 Chapter 5: Hydrogen Embrittlement and ``Cold Fusion ́ ́ Effects in Palladium During Electrolysis Experiments 44 5.1 Introduction 44 5.2 Experimental Set Up 45 5.3 Neutron Emission Measurements 46 5.4 Compositional Analysis of the Pd Electrode 46 5.5 Nickel Electrode Composition Analysis 50 5.6 Conclusions 53 References 53 Chapter 6: Torque Arm Actuated Bi-Stable Buckled Energy Harvester Characterization 55 6.1 Introduction 55 6.2 Experimental Procedure 56 6.2.1 Energy Harvesting Device Fabrication 56 6.2.2 Vibration Loading Frequency Sweeps 57 6.3 Results 57 6.4 Discussion 59 6.5 Conclusions 59 References 60 Chapter 7: Validating FSI Simulations in LS-DYNA 971 R7 61 7.1 Introduction 61 7.2 Experimental 62 7.3 Summary and Conclusions 64 References 64 Chapter 8: Fundamental Frequencies of Slender Beams Subject to Imposed Axial End Displacements 65 8.1 Introduction 65 8.2 Experimental Setup 66 8.3 Experimental Equipment and Procedure 67 8.4 Experimental Results 68 8.5 Multi-body Dynamic Simulations 70 8.6 Conclusions 71 References 71 Chapter 9: Characterization of a Heating and Quenching Apparatus for Microgravity Testing 73 9.1 Introduction 73 9.2 Microgravity Experimental Testing Apparatus 74 9.2.1 Pre-heat Furnace 75 9.2.2 Annealing Furnace 76 9.3 Experimental Program 77 9.4 Analysis 77 9.5 Conclusions 79 References 79 Chapter 10: Phase Unwrapping Work Done via Graphic Processing Unit 80 10.1 Introduction 80 10.2 Parallel Processing 80 10.3 Phase Stepping Photoelasticity 81 10.4 The Proposed Method 82 10.5 Conclusions 83 References 83 Chapter 11: Classification of Low Velocity Impact Using Spiral Sensing Technique 84 11.1 Introduction 84 11.2 Analysis 85 11.3 Modified Clerence Zener Theory 87 11.4 Experiment 87 11.5 Feature Extraction Techniques 89 11.6 Parametric Model Study 90 11.7 Conclusion 92 References 92 Chapter 12: Residual Stress Measurements in Finite-Thickness Materials by Hole-Drilling 93 12.1 Introduction 93 12.2 Mathematical Background 94 12.3 Finite Element Analysis 94 12.4 Analytical Model 97 12.5 Results 98 12.6 Discussion 100 12.7 Conclusions 100 References 101 Chapter 13: Residual Stress Response to Peening in Metallic Glass 102 13.1 Introduction 102 13.2 Materials and Methods 103 13.3 Results 104 13.4 Discussion 105 13.5 Conclusions 106 References 106 Chapter 14: Residual Stress Modeling and Measurement in Aluminum Wrought Alloys 108 14.1 Introduction 108 14.2 Residual Stress Modeling of Quenching 109 14.3 Residual Stress Measurement 110 14.3.1 Strain Gauge Rosette Hole-Drilling Residual Stress Measurement 110 14.3.2 X-ray Diffraction Residual Stress Measurement 111 14.4 Residual Stress Comparison and Discussion 113 14.5 Conclusions 114 References 114 Chapter 15: Notch Fatigue Behaviour of Shot Peened High-Strength Aluminium Alloys: Role of the Residual Stress Field Ahead of ... 116 15.1 Introduction 116 15.2 Materials and Experimental Procedures 117 15.3 Results and Discussion 120 15.3.1 Residual Stress Field 120 15.3.2 Fatigue Behaviour 122 15.4 Conclusions 123 References 124 Chapter 16: Residual Stress of Individual Aluminum Grains from Three Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction 125 16.1 Introduction 125 16.2 Material and Experimental Setup 126 16.3 Microstructures of Aluminum 127 16.4 Results and Discussion 127 16.4.1 Calibration 127 16.4.2 3D Diffraction from Bent Aluminum 129 16.4.3 Stress from a Single Grain 129 16.5 Conclusion 131 References 132 Chapter 17: Incremental Ring Core by Optical Methods: Preliminary Results 133 17.1 The Ring Core Method for Residual Stress Measurement 133 17.2 Incremental Ring Core 134 17.3 Experimental Validation 137 17.4 Conclusions 138 References 138 Chapter 18: Uncertainty Quantification in VFM Identification 139 18.1 Introduction 139 18.2 Modified Arcan Test 140 18.3 Identification Simulator 141 18.4 Experimental Results 141 18.5 Conclusion 143 References 143 Chapter 19: Modal Identification of Over-Damped Structural Systems Using Extended Ibrahim Time-Domain Method 145 19.1 Introduction 145 19.2 Original ITD Method 146 19.3 Extended ITD Method for Over-Damped Systems 146 19.4 Numerical Simulation 148 19.5 Conclusions 149 References 150 Chapter 20: Structural Health Monitoring by Laser Shearography: Experimental and Numerical Investigations 151 20.1 Introduction 151 20.2 Principles of Laser Shearography 152 20.3 Prediction of Shearographic Fringes by FEM and Analytical Solutions 152 20.3.1 Comparison of FEM and Analytical Solutions 153 20.3.2 Fringe Prediction 153 20.4 Representative Results 154 20.4.1 Fringe Prediction Results 154 20.4.2 Experimental Results for Validating Fringe Prediction Results 155 20.4.3 Projection of Shearographic Results on the Sample 155 20.5 Conclusion and Future Work 156 References 157 Chapter 21: On Improving Thermoelastic Stress Analysis Data Near Edges of Discontinuities 158 21.1 Introduction 158 21.1.1 Thermoelastic Stress Analysis 159 21.2 Predicting Stresses Near Edges 159 21.2.1 Airy Stress Function 160 21.2.2 Traction-Free Boundary Conditions 160 21.3 TSA Experiment 161 21.4 Analysis and Results 161 21.5 Conclusion 163 References 163 Chapter 22: Measurement of Stress Network in Granular Materials from Infrared Measurement 164 22.1 Introduction 164 22.2 Methodology 165 22.3 Experimental Results 166 22.4 Simulations 166 22.5 Conclusion 167 References 167 Chapter 23: Influence of Relative Humidity on the Thermomechanical Behavior of PA6.6 168 23.1 Introduction 168 23.2 Governing Equations 169 23.2.1 Energy Balance 169 23.2.2 Thermodynamic Foundations of the Heat Equation 170 23.3 Experimental Procedure 171 23.3.1 IRT Techniques 171 23.3.2 DIC Techniques 172 23.3.3 Synchronization System 172 23.4 Experimental Results 173 23.4.1 Thermal Response 173 23.4.2 Energy Rate Balance 174 23.4.2.1 Loading Frequency Effect 174 23.4.2.2 Relative Humidity Effect 175 23.5 Concluding Comments 176 References 177 Chapter 24: Temperature Field in FSW Process: Experimental Measurement and Numerical Simulation 178 24.1 Introduction 178 24.2 Material and Methods 179 24.2.1 Temperature Measurement 180 24.2.2 Numerical Model 180 24.3 Results 182 24.4 Conclusion 185 References 186 Chapter 25: Dynamics of Strain Localization Associated with Lüders Deformation: An Insight 188 25.1 Introduction 188 25.2 Material and Experimental Study 189 25.3 Results and Discussion 189 25.4 Summary and Conclusion 193 References 195 Chapter 26: Raman Spectroscopy-Enhanced IIT: In Situ Analysis of Mechanically Stressed Polycrystalline Si Thin Films 196 26.1 Introduction 196 26.2 Experimental Details 197 26.2.1 Experimental Setup 197 26.2.2 Test Specimen 197 26.2.3 Mapping Experiment 198 26.2.4 Analysis of Raman Spectra 198 26.2.5 Determination of the Contact Pressure and Indentation Strain 199 26.3 Results and Discussion 199 26.4 Conclusion 202 References 202 Front Matter....Pages i-viii Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Structural Health Monitoring....Pages 1-11 In situ Observation of NiTi Transformation Behaviour: A Micro–Macro Approach....Pages 13-20 Bio-Inspired Design of a Multi-scale Pass Band Frequency Sensor Using Local Resonance Phenomena....Pages 21-27 Dynamic Equations for an Isotropic Spherical Shell Using Power Series Method and Surface Differential Operators....Pages 29-36 Hydrogen Embrittlement and “Cold Fusion” Effects in Palladium During Electrolysis Experiments....Pages 37-47 Torque Arm Actuated Bi-Stable Buckled Energy Harvester Characterization....Pages 49-54 Validating FSI Simulations in LS-DYNA 971 R7....Pages 55-58 Fundamental Frequencies of Slender Beams Subject to Imposed Axial End Displacements....Pages 59-66 Characterization of a Heating and Quenching Apparatus for Microgravity Testing....Pages 67-73 Phase Unwrapping Work Done via Graphic Processing Unit....Pages 75-78 Classification of Low Velocity Impact Using Spiral Sensing Technique....Pages 79-87 Residual Stress Measurements in Finite-Thickness Materials by Hole-Drilling....Pages 89-97 Residual Stress Response to Peening in Metallic Glass....Pages 99-104 Residual Stress Modeling and Measurement in Aluminum Wrought Alloys....Pages 105-112 Notch Fatigue Behaviour of Shot Peened High-Strength Aluminium Alloys: Role of the Residual Stress Field Ahead of the Notch Root....Pages 113-121 Residual Stress of Individual Aluminum Grains from Three Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction....Pages 123-130 Incremental Ring Core by Optical Methods: Preliminary Results....Pages 131-136 Uncertainty Quantification in VFM Identification....Pages 137-142 Modal Identification of Over-Damped Structural Systems Using Extended Ibrahim Time-Domain Method....Pages 143-148 Structural Health Monitoring by Laser Shearography: Experimental and Numerical Investigations....Pages 149-155 On Improving Thermoelastic Stress Analysis Data Near Edges of Discontinuities....Pages 157-162 Measurement of Stress Network in Granular Materials from Infrared Measurement....Pages 163-166 Influence of Relative Humidity on the Thermomechanical Behavior of PA6.6....Pages 167-176 Temperature Field in FSW Process: Experimental Measurement and Numerical Simulation....Pages 177-186 Dynamics of Strain Localization Associated with Lüders Deformation: An Insight....Pages 187-194 Raman Spectroscopy-Enhanced IIT: In Situ Analysis of Mechanically Stressed Polycrystalline Si Thin Films....Pages 195-201