Exotic states of nuclear matter : proceedings of the International Symposium EXOCT07, Catania University, Italy, 11-15 June 2007

The International Symposium on 'Exotic States of Nuclear Matter' was a unique opportunity to review and discuss the many aspects of nuclear matter under extreme conditions and the corresponding possible exotic states like hyperonic matter, kaon condensates, and quark matter, which can appear both in astrophysical compact objects like neutron stars and in heavy ion collision experiments. In this proceedings volume, leading experts from astrophysics, nuclear physics, and elementary particle physics have delivered reviews and specialized seminars, which highlight the links among the different fields and the role of the underlying fundamental processes. Prospects in future astrophysical observations, with present and planned apparata, and heavy ion experiments are strongly emphasized. Thus, this book will definitely be a valuable reference for all researchers working in this wide research area. CONTENTS......Page 10 Preface......Page 6 Organizing Committees......Page 8 Part A Theory of Nuclear Matter EOS and Symmetry Energy......Page 18 1. Introduction......Page 20 2. The EoS from Ab Initio Calculations......Page 21 3. Constraints from Heavy Ion Reactions......Page 23 4. Constraints from Neutron Stars......Page 25 References......Page 27 1. Introduction......Page 28 2.2. Summary of EOS results and comparison with recent constraints......Page 29 3. Spin-Polarized Neutron Matter......Page 32 4. Work in Progress: Non-Nucleonic Degrees of Freedom......Page 34 References......Page 35 1. Introduction......Page 36 3.1. TBF effect and relativistic effect on the EOS of SNM......Page 37 3.2. Isospin dependence of the EOS of ANM......Page 38 3.4. TBF rearrangement effect on nucleon s.p. potential in SNM......Page 39 3.5. Isospin dependence of neutron and proton s.p. potentials......Page 40 3.6. Neutron-proton effective mass splitting in neutron-rich matter......Page 41 4. Summary......Page 42 References......Page 43 1. Introduction......Page 44 2. Single-Particle Properties......Page 45 3. Thermodynamical Properties of Nuclear Matter......Page 48 4. Liquid-Gas Phase Transition......Page 49 References......Page 51 1. Introduction......Page 52 3. Three-body Cluster Energy......Page 53 References......Page 55 1. Introduction......Page 56 3. Results......Page 57 References......Page 59 1. Introduction......Page 60 3. Equation of State of Symmetric Nuclear Matter......Page 62 References......Page 63 2. The Skin Thicknesses of Heavy Nuclei......Page 64 3. Intermediate-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions......Page 65 4. Neutron Star Radii......Page 67 5. The Direct Urca Process......Page 69 Acknowledgments......Page 70 References......Page 71 1. Introduction......Page 72 2.1. Surface symmetry energy......Page 73 2.3. Wigner energy......Page 74 3. Fitting to Masses......Page 75 3.2. Fit to separation energies......Page 76 5. Neutron Skin......Page 77 7. Asymmetric Nuclear Matter......Page 78 References......Page 79 1. Introduction......Page 80 3. Collective Flows......Page 81 4. Isospin E ects on Sub-Threshold Kaon Production at Intermediate Energies......Page 82 5. Testing Deconfinement at High Isospin Density......Page 84 References......Page 87 Investigation of Low-Density Symmetry Energy via Nucleon and Fragment Observables H. H. Wolter et al.......Page 88 References......Page 93 Instability against Cluster Formation in Nuclear and Compact-Star Matter C. Ducoin, Ph. Chomaz, F. Gulminelli & J. Margueron......Page 94 References......Page 97 1. Introduction......Page 98 2. Theoretical Framework and Nucleon-Nucleus Scattering......Page 99 3. Nucleon Effective Mass......Page 101 4. 6He Scattering off 12C......Page 102 References......Page 105 Part B The Neutron Star Crust: Structure, Formation and Dynamics......Page 106 1. Introduction......Page 108 2. Band Theory of Solids......Page 109 3. Validity of the Wigner-Seitz Approximation......Page 111 4. Band Theory and Transport Properties......Page 112 Acknowledgments......Page 114 References......Page 115 1. Introduction......Page 116 2. The Drip Point......Page 118 3. Ground State Properties of the Inner Crust......Page 120 4. Conclusion......Page 122 References......Page 123 1. Introduction......Page 124 2. Superfluid Properties of Inner Crust Matter......Page 125 3. Thermal Properties of Inner Crust Matter......Page 126 3.1. Specific heat......Page 127 4. Cooling Time of Inner Crust Matter......Page 128 5. Summary and Conclusions......Page 129 References......Page 130 1. Introduction......Page 132 2. HFB and QRPA Approaches for WS Cells......Page 133 3. Supergiant Resonances in the WS Cells......Page 134 4. Conclusions......Page 137 References......Page 138 1. Formalism......Page 139 2. Results......Page 141 References......Page 142 1. Introduction......Page 143 3. Thermodynamical Stability Conditions......Page 144 4. Dynamical Instabilities......Page 146 References......Page 150 1. Introduction......Page 151 2. Correlations in Dense Fermion Systems......Page 152 4. -Condensate States in Self-Conjugate 4n-Nuclei......Page 154 5. Results for Finite Nuclei......Page 156 References......Page 159 Part C Neutron Star Structure and Dynamics......Page 162 1. Introduction......Page 164 2. Formalism......Page 165 3. Results......Page 166 References......Page 171 1. Introduction......Page 172 2. The Model......Page 173 3. Results......Page 174 References......Page 175 References......Page 176 1. Introduction......Page 177 3. Possible QCD Phase Transition and its Impact on the Waveforms......Page 178 4. Gravitational Wave Signals at Postbounce Phase......Page 179 References......Page 180 1. Introduction......Page 181 2. Non-Uniform Temperature Distribution Induced by Magnetic Field......Page 182 4. Conclusion: Towards a Coupled Magneto-Thermal Evolution......Page 183 References......Page 184 1. Introduction......Page 185 2. Topological Instability of the Landau State......Page 186 3. Landau Quasiparticle Interaction Function near the Point of Pion Condensation......Page 187 4. Numerical Evaluation of the Neutron Single-Particle Spectrum......Page 189 5. Topological Scenario of a Rearrangement of the Landau State......Page 190 6. Conclusion......Page 191 References......Page 192 1. Introduction......Page 193 2.1. Plasmon modes......Page 194 3. Results and Conclusion......Page 195 References......Page 196 1. Introduction......Page 197 2.1. Hadronic phase: the relativistic Hartree-Fock theory......Page 198 3.1. Neutron star properties in the DDRHF theory......Page 200 3.2. Hadron-quark phase transition in neutron star matter......Page 202 References......Page 204 4. Conclusions......Page 203 Part D Prospects of Present and Future Observations......Page 206 2. X-Ray Binaries......Page 208 3. Double Neutron Star Binaries......Page 209 4. Pulsar–White Dwarf Binaries......Page 211 6. Conclusions......Page 212 References......Page 213 1. Introduction......Page 216 3. Neutron Star Spin Periods......Page 217 4. Neutron Star Masses......Page 218 5. Radiation Radius......Page 221 6. Conclusions......Page 222 References......Page 223 1. Introduction......Page 224 2. The Nuclear EoS from Astrophysical and Heavy-Ion Data: a Soft or Hard EoS?......Page 225 3. The Different Density Regimes of Neutron Stars......Page 226 References......Page 232 Surface Emission from X-ray Dim Isolated Neutron Stars R. Turolla......Page 234 1. Introduction......Page 235 2. Detection Principle of Neutrino ˇC erencov Telescopes Under Water and Under Ice......Page 236 ANTARES......Page 237 NEMO......Page 238 References......Page 241 2. Gravitational Waves from Rotating Stars......Page 242 3. Stellar Pulsations......Page 246 References......Page 251 References......Page 252 1. Introduction......Page 253 2. Method......Page 254 3. Neutron Stars at 1122 Hz......Page 255 4. Submillisecond Pulsars......Page 256 5. Accretion......Page 258 References......Page 260 Part E Quark and Strange Matter in Neutron Stars......Page 262 References......Page 264 1. Introduction......Page 265 2. The Chiral-Dilaton Model......Page 266 3. The Mixed Hadron-Quark Phase......Page 268 4. Results and Conclusions......Page 270 References......Page 272 1. Introduction......Page 273 2. Color Superconducting Quark Matter: Masquerade Revisited......Page 275 3. Unmasking Compact Star Interiors......Page 277 4. Conclusions......Page 278 References......Page 279 1. Introduction......Page 281 2. Thermal Production Pattern......Page 282 3. Event Horizon and Hadronization......Page 284 4. Vacuum Pressure and Baryon Density......Page 286 References......Page 288 1. Introduction......Page 289 2. Magnetic Susceptibility within the Fermi Liquid Theory......Page 290 3. Static and Dynamic Screening Effects......Page 291 4. Spin Wave in the Polarized Quark Matter......Page 292 5. Coherent-State Path Integral......Page 294 6. Concluding Remarks......Page 296 References......Page 297 Asymmetric Neutrino Emission in Quark Matter and Pulsar Kicks I. Sagert & J. Scha ner-Bielich......Page 298 1. Introduction......Page 299 3. Scenarios......Page 300 4. Results and Discussions......Page 301 References......Page 302 1. Introduction......Page 303 2. Calculation of the Energy Release......Page 304 3. Conclusions and Open Questions......Page 305 References......Page 306 1. Introduction......Page 307 2. Numerical Calculation......Page 308 3. Hadron-Quark Mixed Phase......Page 309 4. Neutron Star Structure......Page 311 5. Summary......Page 313 References......Page 314 References......Page 315 References......Page 316 1. Introduction......Page 317 2. Results and Discussion......Page 318 3. Summary and Conclusions......Page 319 References......Page 320 P. Auger Observatory: Status and Preliminary Results A. Insolia......Page 321 Part F Nuclear Structure from Laboratory to Stars......Page 322 1. Introduction and Historical Perspective......Page 324 2. Chiral Perturbation Theory and the Hierarchy of Nuclear Forces......Page 326 3. Chiral NN Potentials......Page 328 4. Limitations of PT......Page 329 5. Conclusions......Page 330 References......Page 331 1. Introduction......Page 332 References......Page 339 1. Introduction......Page 340 2.1. Overview of the KCYN......Page 341 2.2. Volume part of the energy......Page 342 3.1. Ground state energy......Page 343 3.2. Effects of hyperon-mixing......Page 344 3.3. Decay of the KCYN......Page 345 Acknowledgements......Page 346 References......Page 347 1. Introduction......Page 348 2. Isoscalar and Isovector Nuclear Matter Properties......Page 349 3. Isospin Dependence of ISGMR and Isovector Nuclear Matter Properties......Page 350 4. Summary......Page 354 References......Page 355 1. Introduction......Page 356 2. Theoretical Framework......Page 357 3. Results for the Z=50 Isotopes and N=82 Isotones......Page 358 4. The Effect of Particle-Vibration Coupling......Page 359 5. Conclusions......Page 360 References......Page 361 1. Introduction......Page 362 2. The ICHOR Project......Page 363 4.1. IVSMR......Page 364 4.2. DGTR......Page 365 5.1. Ion-optical design......Page 366 References......Page 367 1. Introduction......Page 368 3. Results......Page 369 References......Page 370 Synthesis of Super-Heavy Nuclei in a Modi ed Di-Nuclear System Model E. G. Zhao et al.......Page 372 References......Page 375 Part G Nuclear Superuidity......Page 376 Mesoscopic Treatment of Superuid Neutron Current in Solid Star Crust B. Carter......Page 378 1. Introduction......Page 379 2. Equation of State in the Inner Crust......Page 380 3. Discussion of the Shell Effects......Page 382 4. Spurious Shell Effects......Page 383 6. Conclusions......Page 385 References......Page 386 1. Introduction......Page 387 2. Model of Dilute Nuclear Matter in the (T, n) Plane......Page 388 3. Two-Body States: Cooper Pairs, BCS-BEC Crossover, Dimers......Page 389 4. Three-Body States in the Medium......Page 392 5. Numerical Results and their Interpretation......Page 394 References......Page 396 1. Introduction......Page 397 2.1. One-bubble screening interaction......Page 398 2.2. Landau parameters from the BHF approximation......Page 399 3.1. Screening interaction......Page 400 3.2. Pairing gap......Page 401 4. Discussion and Conclusions......Page 403 References......Page 404 1. Pinning and Binding Energies......Page 405 2. Dilute Limit for the Lattice......Page 409 3. Comments on Recent Results......Page 410 References......Page 412 1. Introduction......Page 413 2. Vortices and Glitches......Page 414 3. Quantum Microscopic Description of the Inner Crust......Page 415 4. Results......Page 416 References......Page 420 1. Introduction......Page 421 2. Vortex Properties and the Pinned State......Page 422 3. Vortex Pinning Dynamics and Dissipation......Page 423 4. Superfluid Dynamics in a Spinning-Down Neutron Star......Page 426 5. Implications for Neutron Star Precession......Page 427 References......Page 428 Part H Poster Session......Page 430 1. Progress in Type II Supernovae Physics and Simulations......Page 432 References......Page 433 1. The Model......Page 434 References......Page 435 2. The DDQM Model: an Overview......Page 436 References......Page 437 1. Introduction......Page 438 References......Page 439 2. Numerical Method and Results......Page 440 References......Page 441 2. Results and Conclusion......Page 442 References......Page 443 1. Introduction and Conclusions......Page 444 References......Page 445 2. Results......Page 446 References......Page 447 1. NJL at Large Density......Page 448 References......Page 449 A Study of Pairing Interaction in a Separable Form Y. Tian, Z. Ma & P. Ring......Page 450 References......Page 451 Isospin Dependence of Nuclear Matter E. N. E Van Dalen, C. Fuchs, P. G ogelein & H. M uther......Page 452 References......Page 453 2. Input Physics......Page 454 References......Page 455 2. Results......Page 456 Reference......Page 457 Tensor Correlations and Single-Particle States in Medium-Mass Nuclei W. Zou et al.......Page 458 References......Page 459 Participants......Page 460 Author Index......Page 470 Pt. A. Theory of nuclear matter EOS and symmetry energy. Constraining the nuclear equation of state from astrophysics and heavy ion reactions / C. Fuchs. In-medium hadronic interactions and the nuclear equation of state / F. Sammarruca. EOS and single-particle properties of isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter within the Brueckner theory / W. Zuo, U. Lombardo & H.-J. Schulze. Thermodynamics of correlated nuclear matter / A. Polls [und weitere]. The validity of the LOCV formalism and neutron star properties / H.R. Moshfegh [und weitere]. Ferromagnetic instabilities of neutron matter: microscopic versus phenomenological approaches / I. Vidaã. Sigma meson and nuclear matter saturation / A.B. Santra & U. Lombardo. Ramifications of the nuclear symmetry energy for neutron stars, nuclei and heavy-ion collisions / A.W. Steiner, B.-A. Li & M. Prakash. The symmetry energy in nuclei and nuclear matter / A.E.L. Dieperink. Probing the symmetry energy at supra-saturation densities / M. Di Toro et al. Investigation of low-density symmetry energy via nucleon and fragment observables / H.H. Wolter et al. Instability against cluster formation in nuclear and compact-star matter / C. Ducoin [und weitere]. Microscopic optical potentials of nucleon-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus scattering / Z.-Y. Ma, J. Rong & Y.-Q. Ma -- pt. B. The neutron star crust: structure, formation and dynamics. Neutron star crust beyond the Wigner-Seitz approximation / N. Chamel. The inner crust of a neutron star within the Wigner-Seitz method with pairing: from drip point to the bottom / E.E. Saperstein, M. Baldo & S.V. Tolokonnikov. Nuclear superfluidity and thermal properties of neutron stars / N. Sandulescu. Collective excitations: from exotic nuclei to the crust of neutron stars / E. Khan, M. Grasso & J. Margueron. Monte Carlo simulation of the nuclear medium: fermi gases, nuclei and the role of Pauli potentials / M.A. Pérez-García. Low-density instabilities in relativistic hadronic models / C. Providência et al. Quartetting in nuclear matter and [symbol] particle condensation in nuclear systems / G. Röpke & P. Schuck et al. -- pt. C. Neutron star structure and dynamics. Shear viscosity of neutron matter from realistic nuclear interactions / O. Benhar & M. Valli. Protoneutron star dynamo: theory and observations / A. Bonanno & V. Urpin. Magnetic field dissipation in neutron stars: from magnetars to isolated neutron stars / J.A. Pons. Gravitational radiation and equations of state in super-dense cores of core-collapse supernovae / K. Kotake. Joule heating in the cooling of magnetized neutron stars / D.N. Aguilera, J.A. Pons & J.A. Miralles. Exotic fermi surface of dense neutron matter / M.V. Zverev, V.A. Khodel & J.W. Clark. Coupling of nuclear and electron modes in relativistic stellar matter / A.M.S. Santos et al. Neutron stars in the relativistic Hartree-Fock theory and hadron-quark phase transition / B.Y. Sun [und weitere] -- pt. D. Prospects of present and future observations. Measurements of neutron star masses / D.G. Yakovlev. Dense nuclear matter: constraints from neutron stars / J.M. Lattimer. Neutron star versus heavy-ion data: is the nuclear equation of state hard or soft? / J. Schaffner-Bielich [und weitere]. Surface emission from x-ray dim isolated neutron stars / R. Turolla. High energy neutrino astronomy / E. Migneco. What gravitational waves say about the inner structure of neutron stars / V. Ferrari. Reconciling 2 M[symbol] pulsars and SN1987A: two branches of neutron stars / P. Haensel, M. Bejger & J.L. Zdunik. EOS of dense matter and fast rotation of neutron stars / J.L. Zdunik [und weitere] -- pt. E. Quark and strange matter in neutron stars. Bulk viscosity of color-superconducting quark matter / M. Alford. Chiral symmetry restoration and quark deconfinement at large densities and temperature / A. Drago, L. Bonanno & A. Lavagno. Color superconducting quark matter in compact stars / D.B. Blaschke, T. Klähn & F. Sandin. Thermal hadronization, Hawking-Unruh radiation and event horizon in QCD / P. Castorina. Ferromagnetism in the QCD phase diagram / T. Tatsumi. Asymmetric neutrino emission in quark matter and pulsar kicks / I. Sagert & J. Schaffner-Bielich. Effects of the transition of neutron stars to quark stars on the cooling / T. Noda [und weitere]. The energy release - stellar angular momentum independence in rotating compact stars undergoing first-order phase transitions / M. Bejger [und weitere]. Hyperon-quark mixed phase in dense matter / T. Maruyama [und weitere]. Nucleation of quark matter in neutron stars: role of color superconductivity / I. Bombaci, G. Lugones & I. Vidaña. The bulk viscosity and r-mode instability of strange quark matter / B.A. Sa'd. Neutrino trapping in neutron stars in the presence of Kaon condensation / A. Li [und weitere]. P. Auger Observatory: status and preliminary results / A. Insolia -- pt. F. Nuclear structure from laboratory to stars. Recent advances in the theory of nuclear forces and its impact on microscopic nuclear structure / R. Machleidt. Kohn-Sham density functional approach to nuclear binding / X. Viñas [und weitere]. Structure and decay of Kaon-condensed hypernuclei / T. Muto. Isoscalar and isovector nuclear matter properties and giant resonances / H. Sagawa & S. Yoshida. The Skyrme interaction and its tensor component / G. Col, ̀ P.F. Bortignon & H. Sagawa. Spin-isospin physics and ICHOR project / H. Sakai for the ICHOR collaboration. Neutron skin thickness of [symbol]Zr determined by (p, n) and (n, p) reactions / K. Yako, H. Sakai & H. Sagawa. Synthesis of super-heavy nuclei in a modified di-nuclear system model / E.G. Zhao et al. -- pt. G. Nuclear superfluidity. Mesoscopic treatment of superfluid neutron current in solid star crust / B. Carter. Equation of state in the inner crust of neutron stars: discussion of the unbound neutrons states / J. Margueron, N. Van Giai & N. Sandulescu. Pairing and bound states in nuclear matter / J.W. Clark & A. Sedrakian. Pairing in BCS theory and beyond / L.G. Cao, U. Lombardo & P. Schuck. Pinning and binding energies for vortices in neutron stars: comments on recent results / P.M. Pizzochero. Structure of a vortex in the inner crust of neutron stars / P. Avogadro [und weitere]. The dynamics of vortex pinning in the neutron star crust / B. Link -- pt. H. Poster session. Microscopic data and supernovae evolution / P. Blottiau, Ph. Mellor & J. Margueron. Parity doublet model applied to neutron star / V. Dexheimer, S. Schramm & H. Stoecker. Structure of hybrid stars / D. Jaccarino, U. Lombardo & G.X. Peng. Nuclear three-body force from the Nijmegen potential / Z.H. Li [und weitere]. Monopole excitations in QRPA on top of HFB / J. Li, G. Colò & J. Meng. The influence of the [symbol]-field on neutron stars / A.J. Mi, W. Zuo & A. Li. Magnetization of color-flavor locked matter / J. Noronha & I.A. Shovkovy. Ab initio pairing gap calculation for a slab of nuclear matter with Paris and Argonne V18 bare NN-potentials / S.S. Pankratov et al. Hybrid neutron stars within the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model and confinement / S. Plumari et al. A study of pairing interaction in a separable form / Y. Tian, Z. Ma & P. Ring. Isospin dependence of nuclear matter / E.N.E Van Dalen [und weitere]. Ejected elements from the envelope of compact stars by QCD phase transition / N. Yasutake et al. Microscopic three-body force effect on nucleon-nucleon cross sections / H.F. Zhang et al. Tensor correlations and single-particle states in medium-mass nuclei / W. Zou et al Features the proceedings on The International Symposium on 'Exotic States of Nuclear Matter'. This book features experts from astrophysics, nuclear physics, and elementary particle physics delivering reviews and specialized seminars, highlighting the links among the different fields and the role of the underlying fundamental processes.