تمرین‌هایی در سنتز ارگانیک مبتنی بر داروهای سنتزی

Exercises in Organic Synthesis Based on Synthetic Drugs presents information on topics about the synthesis of biologically active compounds which are used against a range of diseases in both humans and animals. Topics are supplemented by notes and exercises for students to stimulate inquiry and learning in the academic environment. Readers will be equipped with basic knowledge of synthetic techniques used in organic chemistry and pharmaceutical research and development. Key Features: - Presents information about different techniques and strategies for the synthesis of organic compounds- Covers a broad range of biologically active compounds- Easy to read topical presentation- Exercises, with answers, designed for improving concepts in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry- Wide range of bibliographic references for further reading and exercises presented, Exercises in Organic Synthesis Based on Synthetic Drugs is an essential textbook for students in beginner level courses in organic chemistry, organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Cover 1 Title 2 Copyright 3 End User License Agreement 4 Contents 6 Preface 9 CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION 9 CONFLICT OF INTEREST 10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 10 How to Build a Drug: Exercises Based on the Concept of Retrosynthetic Analysis 11 INTRODUCTION 11 PROTECTIVE GROUPS 14 EXERCISES 1 TO 4 - RETROSYNTHETIC ANALYSIS 16 EXERCISE 1 - TWO SYNTHONS = DRUG 16 Example 17 Answer 17 EXERCISES 17 Answers 20 EXERCISE 2 – EPOXIDES 26 Example 26 Answer 27 EXERCISES 27 Answers 30 EXERCISE 3 – PIPERAZINE AND RELATED SUBSTANCES 31 Examples 32 Answers 33 EXERCISES 34 Answers 38 EXERCISE 4 – ALDEHYDES 41 Examples 42 Answers 42 EXERCISES 44 Answers 50 CONCLUSION OF THE EXERCISES 1 TO 4 (RETROSYNTHETIC ANALYSIS) 55 Organizing Synthetic Routes and Identifying Reagents 57 EXERCISES 5 TO 8 57 INTRODUCTION 57 EXERCISE 5 - ORGANIZING SYNTHETIC ROUTES 58 Example 58 Answer 58 EXERCISES 59 RUTHENIUM AND ITS COMPLEXES AS OXIDANTS 67 MECHANISM OF WITTIG-HORNER REACTION 70 EXERCISE 6 - IDENTIFYING REAGENTS 71 Example 71 Answer 71 EXERCISES 72 Answers 77 CONCLUSION OF THE EXERCISES 5 AND 6 (ORGANIZING SYNTHETIC ROUTES AND IDENTIFYING REAGENTS) 79 Identifying Drug Structure and Completing the Gaps 80 EXERCISE 7 - IDENTIFYING DRUG STRUCTURE 80 Examples 80 Answers 81 EXERCISES 82 Answers 91 EXERCISE 8 - COMPLETING THE GAPS 101 Example 102 Answer 102 EXERCISES 104 Answers 114 CONCLUSION OF EXERCISES 7 AND 8 (IDENTIFYING DRUG STRUCTURE AND COMPLETING THE GAPS) 122 BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA OF EXERCISES 1 TO 9 122 Heteroaromatic Substances 124 FIVE-MEMBERED RINGS 124 SIX-MEMBERED RINGS 125 FUSED SYSTEMS 125 Example 126 Answer 126 MECHANISM OF REACTION 126 EXERCISES 127 Answers 133 CONCLUSION 142 Hydrazine and its Derivatives 143 INTRODUCTION 143 Example 144 Answer 144 EXERCISES 145 Answers 151 CONCLUSION 159 Nitriles 160 INTRODUCTION 160 Example 162 Answer 162 EXERCISES 162 Answers 167 CONCLUSION 174 Combinatorial Chemistry 175 INTRODUCTION 175 Example 177 Answer 177 MECHANISM OF REACTION 178 EXERCISES 179 Answers 182 CONCLUSION 185 REFERENCE 185 Multicomponent Reaction (MCR) 186 INTRODUCTION 186 Example 190 Answer 191 Important Note 191 EXERCISES 192 Answers 199 CONCLUSION 206 Click Chemistry 207 INTRODUCTION 207 Example 209 Answer 210 EXERCISES 210 Answers 214 CONCLUSION 218 SUGGESTIONS FOR READING 218 Fluorine in Drug Discovery 219 INTRODUCTION 219 FLUORINATION REAGENTS 221 Nucleophilic Fluorination for the Introduction of Fluorine Atom NaF, KF, HF, and Bu4NF 221 Diethylaminosulfur Trifluoride (DAST) 222 Nucleophilic Fluorination for the Introduction of the Trifluoromethyl Group 223 Eletrophilic Fluorination for the Introduction of Fluorine Atoms 223 Electrophilic Fluorination for the Introduction of the Trifluoromethyl Group 224 Radical Fluorination 225 CLASSICAL EXAMPLES OF THE IMPORTANCE OF FLUORINE IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT 226 Fluoroquinolone 226 Sitagliptin 227 Odanacatib 228 Celecoxib 229 Example 229 Answer 230 EXERCISES 230 Answers 233 CONCLUSION 236 REFERENCES 236 List of Journals 238 List of Abbreviations 240 ABBREVIATIONS 240 Subject Index 245 Back Cover 250