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Volume II documents and analyses genocide and extermination throughout the early modern and modern eras. It tracks their global expansion as European and Asian imperialisms, and Euroamerican settler colonialism, spread across the globe before the Great War, forging new frontiers and impacting Indigenous communities in Europe, Asia, North America, Africa, and Australia. Twenty-five historians with expertise on specific regions explore examples on five continents, providing comparisons of nine cases of conventional imperialism with nineteen of settler colonialism, and offering a substantial basis for assessing the various factors leading to genocide. This volume also considers cases where genocide did not occur, permitting a global consideration of the role of imperialism and settler-Indigenous relations from the sixteenth to the early twentieth centuries. It ends with six pre-1918 cases from Australia, China, the Middle East, Africa, and Europe that can be seen as 'premonitions' of the major twentieth-century genocides in Europe and Asia. List of Illustrations List of Maps Contributors Introduction to Volume II Part I. Settler Colonialism: 1. 'The centrality of dispossession': Native American genocide and settler colonialism 2. A very British genocide: acknowledgement of Indigenous destruction in the founding of Australia and New Zealand 3. Settler genocides of San Peoples of Southern Africa, c.1700–c.1940 Part II. Empire-Building and State Domination: 4. A case lacking contemporaneous local sources: The 'sack of Novgorod' in 1570 5. Atrocity and genocide in Japan's invasion of Korea, 1592–1598 6. The English conquest of Ireland, c.1530–c.1650 7. Extirpation and annihilation in Cromwellian Ireland 8. Genocide in the Spice Islands: the Dutch East India Company and the destruction of the Banda Archipelago civilization in 1621 9. 'Too furious': the genocide of Connecticut's Pequot Indians, 1636–1640 10. The destruction of Wendake (Huronia), 1647–1652 11. A 'spreading fire': understanding genocide in Early Colonial North America, 1607–1790s 12. The Qing extermination of the Zünghars: an early-modern genocide? 13. A vicious civil war in the French Revolution: 'the Vendée,' 1793–1795 14. The Zulu Kingdom as a genocidal and post-genocidal society, c.1810 to the present Part III. Nineteenth-Century Frontier Genocides: 15. The genocidal French conquest of Algeria, 1830–1847 16. 'The bloody ground': nineteenth-century frontier genocides in the United States 17. 'A war of extermination': the California Indian genocide, 1846–1873 18. Lessons from Canada: the question of genocide in US boarding schools for Native Americans 19. Frontier massacres in Australia, 1788–1928 20. Genocide in Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania), 1803–1871 21. Genocide in Northern Australia, 1824–1928 Part IV. Premonitions: 22. Genocide and the forcible removal of Aboriginal children in Australia, 1800–1920 23. The killing fields of Jiangnan: genocide and China's Taiping rebellion, 1851–1864 24. The crime of the Congo: a question of genocide in the Congo Free State, 1885–1908 25. The Ottoman massacres of Armenians, 1894–1896 and 1909 26. 'Rivers of blood and money': the Herero and Nama genocides in German Southwest Africa, 1904–1908 27. Representations of the Poison Gas War on the Eastern Front, 1915–1917 Volume II covers the early modern and modern cases of genocide and their effects on Indigenous communities across the Americas, Africa and Australia, as well as premonitions of twentieth-century disasters. An essential reference text for those interested in the early modern period, as well humanitarianism and Indigenous Studies. This three-volume set uncovers the long-term and immediate causes of genocide from prehistory to the twenty-first century, highlighting how humans have demonstrated genocidal intent over time, and how it can be prevented. It will be of interest to historians, political scientists, human rights associations and students.