Exalted Aphorisms and Pearls of Speech: Ghurar Al-Hikam Wa Durar Al-Kalim - A Collection of Aphorisms of Imam ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (a)

Contents TRANSLATOR’S PREFACE 25 ABOUT THE COMPILER 27 INTRODUCTION 29 PARENTS 31 THE CAMEL 31 THE SON OF ADAM (THE HUMAN BEING) 31 GRANDEUR 31 SELF-SACRIFICE 31 THE APPOINTED TIME OF DEATH 33 THE HEREAFTER 39 THE BROTHER, THE FRIEND, THE ASSOCIATE AND THE COMPANION 51 GOOD ETIQUETTE 78 HARM AND PREVENTING HARM 82 HOPES AND ASPIRATIONS 94 THE LEADER 105 LEADERSHIP 105 GRANTING REFUGE TO THE FEARFUL 105 THE SECURE 105 SECURITY 105 FEELING SECURE FROM ALLAH’S SCHEME 107 THE TRUSTWORTHY 107 TRUSTWORTHINESS 107 FAITH 109 THE BELIEVER 117 THE HUMAN BEING 128 INTIMACY WITH ALLAH 128 INTIMACY 128 DELIBERATENESS AND ACTING UNHURRIEDLY 128 ONE WHO ACTS WITH DELIBERATENESS 130 STRENGTHENING ONESELF 130 MISERY 130 STINGINESS AND AVARICE 130 THE MISER AND THE AVARICIOUS 134 TAKING THE INITIATIVE 137 COLD WEATHER 140 RIGHTEOUSNESS AND THOSE WHO PREVENT IT 140 INSISTENCE 142 THE INNOCENT 142 BEING CHEERFUL AND SMILING 142 SIGHT, OBSERVATION AND INSIGHT 144 WANTONNESS 146 FALSEHOOD AND ASSISTING IT 146 THE FALSIFIER 148 THE STOMACH AND THE PRIVATE PARTS 149 EARLY RISING 149 WEEPING 150 COUNTRIES AND HOMELANDS 150 ELOQUENCE 150 ATTENTION 151 THE UMAYYADS 151 QUADRUPEDS AND PREDATORS 152 FABRICATING LIES 152 THE HOUSE OF ALLAH 152 THE TREASURY 152 TRADE AND BUSINESS WITH ALLAH 152 THE MERCHANT 152 EARTH 153 ABANDONING FOR THE SAKE OF ALLAH 153 REPENTANCE AND RETURNING [TO ALLAH] 153 RELYING ON ALLAH 155 REWARD 155 GARMENTS 155 COWARDICE 156 DILIGENCE AND STRIVING 156 EXPERIENCE 157 THE EXPERIENCED 158 ANXIETY 158 REQUITAL AND REWARD 160 THE BODY 161 ANTIPATHY 162 LOFTINESS 162 INTERCOURSE 162 BEAUTY 162 THE BEAUTIFUL 163 GROOMING 163 MODERATION 163 PARADISE AND THE PEOPLE OF PARADISE 163 GENEROSITY 167 THE GENEROUS 169 PROXIMITY TO ALLAH 170 NEIGHBOURS 170 HUNGER 171 HIGH RANK 172 STRUGGLE (JIHĀD) 172 STRUGGLING AGAINST THE SELF (JIHĀD AN-NAFS) 173 IGNORANCE 177 THE IGNORANT AND THE FOOLISH 181 HELLFIRE 187 LOVERS OF THE AHLUL-BAYT 188 THE BELOVED 189 EVIDENCE 189 THE PROOF [OF ALLAH] 189 THE DISPROVED 191 THE ONE WHO PRESENTS AN ARGUMENT 191 THE HAJJ 191 RAGE 191 THE CAUTIOUS 191 THE WARNER 191 WAR, SOLDIERS AND ARMIES 191 WAGING WAR 195 FREEDOM AND THE FREE 195 THE CAREFUL 196 GREED 197 THE GREEDY 201 VOCATION 202 THE PROHIBITED 203 DEPRIVATION AND FRUSTRATION 203 THE PARTY OF ALLAH 203 JUDICIOUSNESS 203 THE JUDICIOUS 206 GRIEF FOR WHAT HAS BEEN LOST 209 THE RECKONING 209 HIGH REGARD 209 JEALOUSY 209 THE JEALOUS 213 THE ENVIED 215 THE SWORD AND THE STEED 215 GOOD DEEDS 215 GOOD TURNS AND BENEVOLENT ACTIONS 215 THE GOOD DOER 242 PHYSICAL BEAUTY 244 DYSLOGIA (THE INABILITY TO EXPRESS ONESELF EFFECTIVELY) 244 FORTUNE 244 GAINING FAVOUR 244 DIGGING A PIT FOR A BROTHER 244 SPITE AND MALICE 244 THE SPITEFUL 246 BELITTLING OTHERS 246 VERIFICATION 246 THE TRUTH 246 ONE WHO IS ON THE RIGHT 254 THE RIGHTS OF ALLAH, THE MOST HIGH 254 RIGHTS OF THE PEOPLE 254 HOARDING AND HOARDERS 254 THE ORDINANCES OF ALLAH 256 WISDOM 256 THE WISE 260 GOVERNMENT AND SOVEREIGNTY 261 THE RULER AND GOVERNER 264 FALSE OATHS 265 THE LAWFUL 266 DREAMS 266 THE FORBEARING 266 FORBEARANCE 268 PRAISE 274 THE PRAISEWORTHY AND THE DISGRACEFUL 274 MUHAMMAD (S) AND HIS PROGENY 274 FOOLISHNESS 291 THE FOOL 293 TOLERANCE 295 VEHEMENCE 297 ABSTINENCE [FROM FOOD] 297 FULFILLING NEEDS 297 EXPRESSING YOUR NEEDS 299 HOW ARE YOU? 299 THE PERPLEXED 299 RECOURSE 299 LIFE AND BEING ALIVE 302 MODESTY AND SHAME 302 NARRATION AND TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION 304 GAUGING PEOPLE 306 DECEPTION AND THE DECEITFUL 306 THE SERVANT 306 THE ONE WHO IS FORSAKEN BY ALLAH 306 MUTENESS 307 INEPTNESS 309 THE LOSER 309 SUBMISSIVENESS AND HUMILITY IN FRONT OF ALLAH, THE MOST HIGH 309 THE FOE OF ALLAH 311 WRITING 311 IDEAS 311 THE DARING 311 MISTAKES 311 SINCERITY AND DEVOTION 311 SUCCESSION 315 THE CALIPHS [UTHMAN AND...] 315 DISAGREEMENT 315 GOOD CHARACTER 317 CREATION 328 SECLUSION 328 WINE 328 FIVE BAD QUALITIES 329 ANONYMITY 329 FEAR 329 FEARING OTHER THAN ALLAH 333 THE FEARFUL 334 FRIGHTENING OTHERS 335 THE FRUSTRATED 335 GOOD 335 GOOD OF THIS WORLD AND THE HEREAFTER 340 SEEKING WHAT IS BEST 340 THE VIRTUOUS 341 CHOICE 341 THE CHOICE OF ALLAH 342 TREACHERY AND DISLOYALTY 342 THE TREACHEROUS 343 THE DILIGENT AND THE HARDWORKING 344 FOLLOWING UP MATTERS 344 ONE WHO TURNS BACK AND THE ONE WHO MOVES FORWARD 344 PLANNING 344 DESERTION AND ABANDONMENT 346 TURNING BACKWARD 346 ENTRANCE 346 GRADUALLY DRAWING CLOSER TO DESTRUCTION 347 STUDY 347 RECTIFICATION AND MAKING AMENDS 347 AMICABLENESS 348 SUPPLICATION AND THE SUPPLICANT 349 THE CALL 352 THE GUIDE 352 SERIOUSLY ILL 352 THE DESPICABLE 352 LOATHSOME ACTIONS AND TRAITS 352 THIS WORLD 353 REMEDY AND AILMENT 404 ALTERNATION OF POWER AND SOVEREIGNTY 405 FLATTERY 406 DEBT 406 RELIGION AND SHARIA LAW 406 THE SAVINGS 416 REMEMBRANCE [OF ALLAH] AND THE REMINDER 417 VICES AND THOSE WHO COMMIT THEM 424 DIVULGENCE [OF SECRETS] 433 THE COMPASSIONATE 433 OPINIONS AND THE OPINIONATED 433 SHOWING OFF 437 PROFIT AND GAIN 438 HOPE IN [THE MERCY OF] ALLAH AND [IN] OTHERS 438 MERCY AND COMPASSION 441 NEAR RELATIVES AND KEEPING OR CUTTING OFF TIES WITH THEM 443 EASE 447 RESTRAINT 447 DEPRAVITIES 447 SUSTENANCE AND ONE WHO SEEKS IT 447 CONFIDING IN OTHERS 451 THE MESSENGER AND HIS MESSAGE 451 RECTITUDE AND RIGHT GUIDANCE 452 BEING PLEASED AND SATISFIED 453 DESIRE AND LONGING 459 LENIENCY AND GENTLENESS 459 SELF-SCRUTINY 463 MODE OF TRANSPORT 463 THE SOULS 463 PEACE OF MIND 463 THE INTENDED OBJECTIVE 463 DISCIPLINE 463 RESTRAINT 464 CHARITY 465 LAPSES 465 ADULTERY 465 THE WIFE 465 PROVISION 465 RENUNCIATION OF WORLDLY PLEASURES 467 VISITING 473 ADORNMENT 475 BEGGING AND ASKING PEOPLE 475 QUESTION AND ANSWER 477 CAUSES AND MEANS 479 COMPETITION 479 PROSTRATION AND BOWING 479 PRISON 481 DISPLEASURE 481 GENEROSITY 481 APTNESS 485 MIRAGE 485 DISMISSAL 485 INWARD THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS 485 SECRET AND CONFIDENTIAL DISCUSSIONS 486 HAPPINESS AND PUTTING JOY IN THE HEARTS 489 EXTRAVAGANCE 490 THEFT 492 AID 492 FELICITY 493 THE FELICITOUS 495 STRIVING AND SEEKING 495 TRAVEL 496 THE ENVOY 496 SPILLING BLOOD 497 THE SHIPS OF SALVATION 497 DIMWITTEDNESS 497 THE DIMWIT 498 MALADIES 498 CALMNESS AND SOLEMNITY 499 THE PRECEDING 500 SALĀMS AND GREETINGS 500 PEACE AND RECONCILIATION 500 ISLAM 501 THE MUSLIMS 502 SUBMISSION TO THE WILL OF ALLAH 503 SECURITY 504 THE ONE WHO SURRENDERS 505 FORGETFULNESS 505 CONDOLENCES AND CONGRATULATIONS 506 MIEN 506 HEARING AND SIGHT 506 LISTENING AND THE LISTENER 506 RIGHTEOUS PRACTICES 508 DOING WRONG TO OTHERS 508 PROCRASTINATION 508 EMINENCE AND THE EMINENT 510 MARKETS 510 NIGHT VIGIL 511 FACILITATION 512 MODE OF CONDUCT 512 ADMINISTRATIVE POLICIES 512 YOUTH 514 OVEREATING AND GLUTTONY 514 VILIFICATION 516 COURAGE AND THE COURAGEOUS 516 DIFFICULTIES 516 EVIL AND THE WICKED 517 HONOUR AND THE HONOURABLE 523 EAST AND WEST 524 POLYTHEISM 525 PARTNERSHIP 526 VORACIOUSNESS AND THE VORACIOUS 526 SATAN 528 BEING OCCUPIED 530 THE INTERCESSOR AND INTERCEDER 530 DISSENSION 530 WRETCHEDNESS 530 THE WRETCHED 532 GRATITUDE AND THE GRATEFUL 532 DOUBT AND MISGIVING 542 COMPLAINING OF DISTRESS 546 SCHADENFREUDE 546 CONSULTATION AND DELIBERATION 546 EAGERNESS AND LONGING 551 LUST 552 THE MARTYR 557 TESTIMONY 558 FAME AND RENOWN 558 GREY HAIR OF OLD AGE 558 THE FOLLOWERS (SHI‘A) 559 THE DISGRACE OF A MAN 559 PATIENCE AND THE PATIENT 560 YOUNG CHILDREN 573 GOOD HEALTH AND THE HEALTHY 573 THE CHEST 573 CHARITIES 574 TRUTHFULNESS 577 THE TRUTHFUL 583 CHANGE OF CIRCUMSTANCES 583 THE RIGID 583 WELFARE OF THE BELIEVERS 583 BEING DUTIFUL WITH ALLAH 583 REFORMING THE PEOPLE 584 VAINGLORY 585 PRAYER AND ONE WHO STANDS FOR PRAYER 585 SILENCE 585 HARDSHIPS 591 THE ONE WHO HITS THE MARK AND THE ONE WHO ERRS 595 CORRECTNESS 595 COUNTENANCE 596 FASTING 597 GIVING EXAMPLES AND USING METAPHORS 597 LAUGHTER 597 SUFFERING 599 NECESSITIES 599 WEAKNESS 599 ERROR AND DEVIATION 599 INNER CONSCIENCES 600 HOSPITALITY 600 AGONY 600 JUBILATION 601 THE WAY AND THE COURSE 601 FOOD AND SUSTENANCE 602 FEEDING OTHERS 603 CRITICISM 603 OBEDIENCE AND COMPLIANCE 603 OBEYING COMMANDMENTS 613 THE TYRANT 613 THE SEEKER 613 MATTERS THAT ARE PURSUED 614 THE SOUGHT AFTER 614 COVETOUSNESS 614 HAUGHTINESS 620 INNERMOST THOUGHTS 620 FRIVOLITY 620 VICTORY 620 INJUSTICE AND OPPRESSION 621 THE UNJUST 630 THE OPPRESSED 632 USURPED RIGHTS 634 CONJECTURE 634 SUPPORT 638 PRECAUTION 638 THE EXTERIORS 638 LIGHTNESS OF ONE’S BURDEN 639 SERVITUDE 640 WORSHIP AND THE WORSHIPPER 640 SERVANTS 642 TAKING LESSONS AND EXAMPLES 644 REPRIMAND 650 EMANCIPATION 652 SLIP UP 652 CONCEIT 652 THE SELF-ADMIRING ONE 656 INABILITY 656 THE POWERLESS 656 THE DERRIERE 656 HASTE AND THE HASTY 656 THE DENUMERABLE 659 READINESS AND PREPARATION 660 JUSTICE AND THE JUST 660 THE MIDDLE COURSE 666 ENMITY AND THE ENEMY 666 APOLOGIZING AND OFFERING EXCUSES 672 DIGNITY AND REPUTATION 673 COGNIZANCE 675 THE COGNIZANT 677 GLORY AND THE HONOURED ONE 678 SECLUSION 679 RESOLVE 680 ADVERSITY 680 SOCIAL INTERACTION AND MINGLING 681 THE LOVER 687 SEEKING PROTECTION FROM ALLAH 687 PRESERVING ONESELF FROM SIN 687 DESTRUCTION AND DAMAGE 688 EMPATHY 688 RESPECT 688 CHASTITY 689 WELL-BEING 691 FORGIVENESS AND PARDON 692 OUTCOMES 699 FILIAL IMPIETY 701 THE INTELLECT 701 THE INTELLIGENT 717 THE CAUSE AND THE EFFECTS 731 THE CELESTIAL REALM 731 KNOWLEDGE 731 THE SCHOLAR 749 EDUCATION AND LEARNING 758 THE STUDENT 758 AGE AND LIFESPAN 760 DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPERITY 762 DELVING DEEP 762 ACTIONS AND DEEDS 762 DEALINGS 780 BLINDNESS AND THE BLIND 781 THE OBSTINATE 782 DESCENT AND LINEAGE 782 VIOLENCE 782 THAT WHICH IS OF NO CONCERN 782 THE CROOKED 784 HABIT 784 RESURRECTION AND THE HOUR 784 THE MASSES 786 ASSISTANCE 786 SEEKING ASSISTANCE 786 SUCCOR 787 KEEPING PROMISES AND FULFILLING PLEDGES 787 FLAWS AND FAULTS 793 TAUNTING 798 LIFESTYLE 798 LOWERING THE GAZE 800 SEEING 801 HELPER 801 INARTICULATENESS 802 OUTCOME 802 THE ENVIABLE 803 THE DECEIVED 803 IMBECILITY 803 TREACHERY 803 DELUSION 805 USURPATION 807 ANGER 807 SEEKING FORGIVENESS 811 NEGLIGENCE 813 THE NEGLIGENT 815 THE VICTOR AND THE VANQUISHED 815 FIGHTING 815 MISTAKE 815 BETRAYAL 815 RANCOR AND PERFIDY 815 GRIEF 817 BEING INDEPENDENT OF OTHERS 819 AFFLUENCE AND THE RICH 819 COMING TO THE AID OF THE AGGRIEVED 823 BACKBITING 823 THE UNSEEN 825 SENSE OF HONOUR AND POSSESSIVENESS 825 DEVIATION FROM THE RIGHT PATH 825 THE UTMOST 825 BEING OPTIMISTIC 825 UNREST 825 THE ONE WHO IS ENTHRALLED 827 CHIVALRY 827 WICKEDNESS AND IMMORALITY 827 OBSCENITY 828 PRIDE AND BOASTING 829 RELIEF AND WAITING FOR RELIEF 832 HAPPINESS AND JOY 832 FLEEING TO ALLAH 832 OPPORTUNITY AND ITS LOSS 832 THE OBLIGATORY AND RECOMMENDED ACTS 836 NEGLECT 838 IDLENESS 838 SEPARATION AND ISOLATION 838 FABRICATION OF LIES 838 CORRUPTION 840 INDOLENCE AND LASSITUDE 840 IGNOMINY 840 VIRTUES AND VICES 840 THE SUPERFLUOUS 843 ASTUTENESS 844 LOSS 844 POVERTY 844 THE PAUPER 846 THE LEARNED SCHOLARS 848 THINKING AND THE THINKER 848 SUCCESSFULNESS 854 LEAVING THE MATTER TO ALLAH 855 UNDERSTANDING 855 GRAVES 856 FACING ISSUES 856 TURNING TOWARDS ALLAH 856 MARTYRDOM IN THE WAY ALLAH 856 PLUNGING IN 857 POWER AND MIGHT 857 STATUS AND WORTH 858 UNDERTAKING 860 TO FOLLOW 860 THE QUR’AN 860 THE NEAR ONE 865 ATTAINING NEARNESS TO ALLAH 865 ADMISSION AND CONFESSION OF ONE’S SINS 865 LENDING TO ALLAH 867 KNOCKING THE DOOR 867 THE [ALLOTTED] SHARE 867 HARD-HEARTEDNESS 867 GOALS 867 MODERATION 867 ONE WHO IS NEGLECTFUL AND FALLS SHORT 869 RETALIATION 871 DIVINE DECREE AND DESTINY 871 JUDGES 873 BEING CUT OFF FROM ALLAH 874 SITTING BACK 876 EMULATION 876 THE HEART 876 LITTLE 880 THE LEAST 880 BEING LESS 880 QUNUT (RAISING HANDS IN SUPPLICATION) 881 DESPAIR 883 CONTENTMENT AND THE CONTENTED 883 ACQUISITIONS 889 SPEECH AND SPEAKING 890 STEADFASTNESS 903 ESTABLISHING THE COMMAND OF ALLAH 903 THE STRONG 903 ARROGANCE 904 THE ARROGANT ONE 907 THE BOOK AND WRITING 909 SECRECY 909 LOQUACIOUSNESS 909 AMASSING [WEALTH] 910 LYING 910 THE LIAR 913 NOBLENESS AND MUNIFICENCE 915 THE NOBLE -MINDED AND MUNIFICENT 918 HIGH ESTEEM 924 NOBLE TRAITS & DEEDS 924 THE DISLIKED 926 EARNINGS 926 LAZINESS AND THE LAZY 926 REVEALING & REMOVING DISTRESS 926 SUPPRESSING ANGER 926 INGRATITUDE 928 THE DISBELIEVER 929 DISBELIEF 930 RESTRAINT 930 SUFFICIENCY 930 RECOMPENSE 931 COMPETENCE 932 DUTY 932 THE SPEAKER 932 THE IDEAL ONE 933 PERFECTION 933 PLOTS 934 THE SAGACIOUS 934 THERE IS NO GOD BUT ALLAH 936 VILENESS 936 THE VILE 938 CONFUSION 942 MILK 942 THE STUBBORN 942 STUBBORNNESS 942 IMPORTUNITY 944 IMPORTANT EVENTS 944 INSULTS 956 PLEASURE AND DELIGHT 956 THE TONGUE 957 COURTEOUSNESS 962 VAIN TALK 962 MEETING 963 MEETING ALLAH 963 HINTING 963 REPROACH, REPRIMAND AND CENSURE 963 AMUSEMENT 964 NIGHT AND DAY 967 GENTLENESS AND SOFTNESS 967 DISTINCTION 967 TRIBULATIONS 969 PRAISE AND EXTOLMENT 969 THE HUMAN BEING 971 MAGNANIMITY 974 SICKNESS 980 DISPUTATION AND ARGUMENT 981 JOKING 981 WALKING 983 DELAY 983 SCHEMING 983 THE DEVISING OF ALLAH 984 THE SCHEMER AND PLOTTER 986 FLATTERY 986 KINGS AND RULERS 986 MĀLIK AL-ASHTAR 994 ANGELS 994 THE SLAVE 994 DISPOSITION 994 ONE WHO IS FED-UP 996 IRRITATION 996 THE INACCESSIBLE 996 TO PUT [OTHERS] UNDER OBLIGATION 996 DEATH 998 THE DEAD 1010 WEALTH AND RICHES 1010 INCLINATION 1020 NOBILITY AND THE NOBLE 1020 ATTENTIVENESS 1021 PROPHETS, MESSENGERS AND IMAMS 1021 SUCCESS, PROSPERITY AND SALVATION 1022 HELPING AND SEEKING HELP 1023 SECRET CONVERSATION 1023 REMORSE AND REGRET 1023 THE REMORSEFUL 1024 WARNING 1024 DISPUTE 1024 THE HOME 1024 REMAINING PURE AND FREE FROM SIN 1025 OUTING 1025 THE DEVOTEE 1026 WOMEN 1026 FORGETTING ALLAH 1029 SINCERE ADVICE 1029 SUPPORTING THE TRUTH 1036 SUPPORTING FALSEHOOD 1036 SEEKING SUPPORT 1036 ONE WHOSE SUPPORTER IS ALLAH 1036 SEEKING JUSTICE 1036 EQUITY 1036 THE EQUITABLE 1038 THE VIEWED 1040 BEING SYSTEMATIC IN WORK 1040 BLESSING 1040 TROUBLE 1046 AVERSION 1046 THE SOUL AND HOLDING IT TO ACCOUNT 1046 GIVING AND WITHHOLDING CHARITY 1077 HYPOCRISY 1080 THE HYPOCRITE 1080 DEFICIENCY 1082 THE DEFICIENT 1082 REVENGE 1082 DIVINE WRATH 1084 THE DEFAULTERS, THE INIQUITOUS AND THE TRANSGRESSORS 1084 MARRIAGES 1084 TALEBEARING 1084 PEOPLE 1086 SLEEP 1095 DEPUTYSHIP 1096 OBTAINMENT 1096 INTENTION 1096 RELIANCE ON ALLAH 1098 ATTAINMENT 1099 PAIN 1099 AFFECTION AND FRIENDSHIP 1101 PIETY 1106 FINANCIAL SUPPORT 1113 TATTLETALE 1114 GETTING CONNECTED TO ALLAH 1114 ESTABLISHING TIES AND RELATIONS 1115 HUMILITY 1115 HOMELAND 1120 ADMONITION 1120 GOD-GIVEN SUCCESS 1126 AGREEMENT 1128 SHAMELESSNESS AND THE SHAMELESS 1128 IMPUDENCE 1131 REVERENCE 1131 PRECAUTIONARY DISSIMULATION 1131 GOD-WARINESS 1131 THE GOD-WARY AND GODFEARING PEOPLE 1141 PUTTING TRUST IN ALLAH 1145 THE CHILD 1148 THE CLOSE FRIENDS AND LOVERS OF ALLAH 1148 LETHARGY 1149 THE GRANT 1150 DELUSION 1150 SUSPICION 1150 TRUE GUIDANCE FROM ALLAH 1150 GIFTS 1152 IDLE TALK 1152 JOKING 1153 THE CAUSES OF DOWNFALL AND RUIN 1153 THE SCANDAL-MONGER 1154 ENDEAVOURS 1154 IRRESPONSIBILITY 1156 THE FRIGHTFUL 1156 DISDAIN 1156 VAIN DESIRE 1156 DREAD AND AWE 1164 LOSS OF HOPE 1164 ORPHANS 1166 ALERTNESS AND VIGILANCE 1168 CERTITUDE 1168 NOTES 1201