Evolution of Networks: From Biological Nets to the Internet and WWW (Physics)

Only recently did mankind realize that it resides on a world of networks. The Internet and the World Wide Web are changing our life. Our physical existence is based on various biological networks. We have recently learned that the term ""network"" turns out to be a central notion in our time, and the onsequent explosion of interest in networks is a social and cultural phenomenon. The principles of the complex organization and evolution of networks, natural and artificial are the topic of this book, which is written by physicists and is addressed to all involved researchers and students. The aim of the text is to understand networks and the basic principles of their structural organization and evolution. The ideas are presneted in a clear and pedegogical way, with minimal mathematics, so even students without a deep knowledge of mathematics and statistical physics will be able to rely on this as a reference. Special attention is given to real networks, both natural and artificial. Collected empirical data and numerous real applications of existing theories are discussed in detail, as well as the topical problems of communication networks. This Text Provides A Concise Introduction To The Principles Of The Organization And Evolution Of Both Natural And Artificial Networks. Modern Architecture Of Random Graphs -- Adjacency Matrix -- Degree Distribution -- Clustering -- Small Worlds -- Giant Components -- List Of Basic Constructions -- List Of Main Characteristics -- Popularity Is Attractive -- Attachment Of Edges Without Preference -- Preferential Linking -- Real Networks -- Networks Of Citations Of Scientific Papers -- Communication Networks: The Www And The Internet -- Structure Of The Www -- Search In The Www -- Structure Of The Internet -- Networks Of Collaborations -- Biological Networks -- Neural Networks -- Networks Of Metabolic Reactions -- Genome And Protein Networks -- Ecological And Food Webs -- Word Web Of Human Language -- Telephone Call Graph -- Mail Networks -- Power Grids And Industrial Networks -- Electronic Circuits -- Nets Of Software Components -- Energy Landscape Networks -- Equilibrium Networks -- Statistical Ensembles Of Random Networks -- Classical Random Graphs -- How To Build An Equilibrium Net -- Econophysics: Condensation Of Wealth -- Condensation Of Edges In Equilibrium Networks -- Correlations In Equilibrium Networks -- Small-world Networks -- The Watts-strogatz Model And Its Variations -- The Smallest-world Network -- Non-equilibrium Networks -- Growing Exponential Networks -- The Barabasi-albert Model -- Linear Preference -- How The Preferential Linking Emerges -- Scaling -- Generic Scale Of 'scale-free' Networks -- More Realistic Models -- Estimations For The Www -- Non-linear Preference -- Types Of Preference Providing Scale-free Networks. S.n. Dorogovtsev, J.f.f. Mendes. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 241-262) And Index. We live in a world of networks, where everything is amazingly close to everything else. The notion of'network'turns out to be central to our times: the Internet and WWW are changing our lives; our physical existence is based on various biological networks; we are involved in all-enveloping networks of economic and social relations. Only in the 1990s did physicists begin to explore real networks, both natural and artificial, as evolving systems with intriguingly complex and effective architectures. Progress has been so immediate and astounding that we actually face a new science based on a new set of concepts, and, one may even say, on a new philosophy: the natural philosophy of a small world. Old ideas from mathematics, statistical physics, biology, computer science, and so on take on quite new forms in applications to real evolving networks. - What is common to all networks? - What are the general principles of the organization and evolution of networks? - How do the laws of nature work in communication, biological, and social networks? - What are networks? This book, written by physicists, answers these questions and presents a general insight into the world of networks. We live in a world of networks, where everything is amazingly close to everything else. The notion of 'network' turns out to be central to our the Internet and WWW are changing our lives; our physical existence is based on various biological networks; we are involved in all-enveloping networks of economic and social relations. Only in the 1990s did physicists begin to explore real networks, both natural and artificial, as evolving systems with intriguingly complex and effective architectures. Progress has been so immediate and astounding that we actually face a new science based on a new set of concepts, and, one may even say, on a new the natural philosophy of a small world. Old ideas from mathematics, statistical physics, biology, computer science, and so on take on quite new forms in applications to real evolving networks. - What is common to all networks? - What are the general principles of the organization and evolution of networks? - How do the laws of nature work in communication, biological, and social networks? - What are networks? This book, written by physicists, answers these questions and presents a general insight into the world of networks. "Only in the 1990s did physicists begin to explore real networks, both natural and artificial, as evolving systems with intriguingly complex and effective architectures. Progress has been so immediate and astounding that we actually face a new science based on a new set of concepts, and, one may even say, on a new philosophy: the natural philosophy of a small world. Old ideas from mathematics, statistical physics, biology, computer science, and so on take on quite new forms in applications to real evolving networks."--Jacket