Evolution in Computational Intelligence: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Frontiers of Intelligent Computing: Theory and ... Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 370)

The book presents the proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Frontiers of Intelligent Computing: Theory and Applications (FICTA 2023), held at Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, UK, during April 11–12, 2023. Researchers, scientists, engineers, and practitioners exchange new ideas and experiences in the domain of intelligent computing theories with prospective applications in various engineering disciplines in the book. This book is divided into two volumes. It covers broad areas of information and decision sciences, with papers exploring both the theoretical and practical aspects of data-intensive computing, data mining, evolutionary computation, knowledge management and networks, sensor networks, signal processing, wireless networks, protocols, and architectures. This book is a valuable resource for postgraduate students in various engineering disciplines. Organization Preface Contents About the Editors 1 Towards the Development of a Decision-Making Framework: A Contribution Inform of a Decision Support Aid for Complex Technical Organization 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Literature 1.3 Methodology (Interpretative Approach to Decision-Making) 1.3.1 Epistemological Basis of Interpretivism 1.3.2 Vickers’ Notion of an Appreciative System 1.4 Experimental Work—Contribution to Knowledge (Decision-Making as a Human Activity System—D’MHAS) 1.4.1 Perceive 1.4.2 Judge 1.4.3 Discern 1.4.4 Operational Factors of D’MHAS 1.4.5 Validation of the Model—D’MHAS 1.4.6 The Concept of Requisite Variety 1.4.7 D’MHAS as a Relationship Maintaining Model 1.5 Discussion 1.6 Conclusion Appendix References 2 Multi-attention TransUNet—A Transformer Approach for Image Description Generation 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Related Work 2.3 Proposed Model 2.3.1 Encoder Architecture 2.3.2 Pre-integration Module 2.3.3 Decoder Architecture 2.3.4 Model Optimization and Fine Tuning 2.4 Experiments and Evaluation 2.4.1 Experimental Setup 2.4.2 Analysis 2.4.3 Comparative Analysis with Similar Past Work Done 2.4.4 Sample Outputs Generated from Input Images 2.5 Conclusion and Future Scope References 3 Empirical Review of Oversampling Methods to Handle the Class Imbalance Problem 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Material and Methods 3.2.1 Oversampling Methods Used 3.2.2 Classification Models 3.2.3 Performance Measure 3.3 Dataset 3.4 Experiment and Results 3.5 Conclusion References 4 Automatic COVID Protocols-Based Human Entry Check System 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Literature Survey 4.3 Proposed System 4.3.1 Block Diagram 4.4 Hardware Components 4.4.1 Raspberry Pi4 4.4.2 Servomotor 4.4.3 Liquid Pump Motor 4.4.4 Temperature Sensor: Mlx90614 4.4.5 Raspberry Pi Cam 4.5 Working Procedure 4.5.1 Flow Chart 4.6 Result 4.6.1 Result Face Mask Detection and Temperature Sensing 4.6.2 Servomotor Result 4.7 Conclusion and Future Scope 4.7.1 Conclusion 4.7.2 Future Scope References 5 Effect of Machine Translation on Authorship Attribution 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Corpus and Used Dataset 5.3 Approach of Authorship Attribution and Experimental Protocol 5.4 Experiments and Results 5.5 Conclusion References 6 Smart Hospitality: Understanding the ‘Green’ Challenges of Hotels and How IoT-Based Sustainable Development Could be the Answer 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Insight into the Hotel Hospitality Industry 6.2.1 The ‘Green’ Landscape in the Hospitality Industry 6.3 The Internet of Things (IoT) and Sustainable Development 6.4 Study 6.4.1 Introduction 6.4.2 Methods 6.4.3 Procedure 6.4.4 Participants 6.4.5 Results 6.4.6 Discussion and Conclusion 6.4.7 Reflection on the Benefits of IoT Technology for Green Hotel Practices 6.5 Conclusion 6.5.1 Future Work References 7 A Novel Knowledge Distillation Technique for Colonoscopy and Medical Image Segmentation 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Literature Review 7.3 Methodology 7.3.1 Dataset 7.3.2 Image Preprocessing 7.3.3 Base Neural Network Architectures 7.3.4 Knowledge Distillation with Pairs of Different Students and Teacher Networks 7.3.5 Experimental Setup 7.4 Results and Discussion 7.5 Conclusion 7.6 Future Work References 8 AI-Enabled Smart Monitoring Device for Image Capturing and Recognition 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Literature Review 8.3 AI-Based Smart Monitoring Engine 8.3.1 System Design 8.3.2 Training Architectures 8.4 Practical Implementation 8.4.1 Age and Gender Detection 8.4.2 Vehicle Number Plate Recognition 8.5 Conclusion References 9 A Compact Formulation for the mDmSOP: Theoretical and Computational Time Analysis 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Problem Definition 9.2.1 An Improved ILP Formulation 9.3 Comparative Results 9.3.1 Test Instances 9.3.2 Computational Results 9.3.3 Inferential Results 9.4 Conclusion References 10 Keywords on COVID-19 Vaccination: An Application of NLP into Macau Netizens’ Social Media Comments 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Methodology 10.3 Results 10.3.1 Keywords 10.3.2 Time Series Analysis 10.4 Discussion 10.5 Conclusion References 11 Ensemble Machine Learning-Based Network Intrusion Detection System 11.1 Introduction 11.1.1 Background 11.1.2 Objective 11.1.3 Solution Overview 11.2 Literature Survey 11.3 Problem Description 11.3.1 Technical Architecture 11.4 Proposed Work 11.4.1 Datasets 11.4.2 Dataset Preprocessing 11.4.3 Anomaly Classifier Engine 11.4.4 Evaluation Metrics 11.4.5 Report Generation 11.5 Results 11.6 Conclusion and Future Work References 12 Household Power Consumption Analysis and Prediction Using LSTM 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Literature Review 12.3 Data Description 12.4 General Framework 12.4.1 Handling Insignificant Data—Data Cleaning 12.4.2 Reframing the Dataset 12.4.3 Splitting the Dataset 12.4.4 Training and Validating the Dataset 12.5 Conclusion References 13 Indian Stock Price Prediction Using Long Short-Term Memory 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Literature Survey 13.3 Dataset 13.4 Methodology 13.5 Implementation 13.5.1 Hardware and Software 13.5.2 Evaluation Metrics 13.6 Results and Discussion 13.7 Conclusion References 14 On the Impact of Temperature for Precipitation Analysis 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Data Description 14.3 Precipitation Calculation 14.3.1 Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) 14.3.2 Estimating Precipitation Distribution Parameters for Stations with Short Data Series 14.4 Atmospheric Temperature in the Tropopause 14.5 Correlation Analysis Toward Identifying Interplay Between Temperature and Precipitation 14.6 Rainfall Prediction 14.6.1 Rainfall Prediction Using Multiple Linear Regression 14.6.2 Rainfall Prediction Using LSTM 14.7 Conclusion and Future Work References 15 Vision-Based Facial Detection and Recognition for Attendance System Using Reinforcement Learning 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Literature Study 15.3 Proposed Methodology 15.3.1 RLAS-Agent 15.3.2 RLAS-Environment 15.4 Results Discussion 15.5 Conclusion References 16 Cross-Modal Knowledge Distillation for Audiovisual Speech Recognition 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Literature Review 16.3 Proposed Methodology 16.3.1 Teacher Model 16.3.2 Student Model 16.4 Results 16.4.1 The Dataset 16.4.2 Evaluation Metrics 16.4.3 Transcriptional CTC Loss 16.4.4 Distillation Loss 16.4.5 Comparative Analysis 16.5 Conclusion References 17 Classification of Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on Brain Image Data Using Deep Neural Networks 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Related Work 17.3 Methodology 17.3.1 Convolution Neural Network (CNN) 17.3.2 Transfer Learning 17.4 Results 17.5 Conclusion and Future Directions References 18 Transformer-Based Attention Model for Email Spam Classification 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Related Works 18.3 Proposed Methodology 18.3.1 Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers 18.3.2 Hyper Parameters 18.4 Evaluation Metrics 18.5 Experimental Results 18.5.1 Dataset 18.5.2 Results and Discussion 18.6 Conclusion References 19 Agriculture Land Image Classification Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Deep Learning Techniques 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Literature Review 19.3 Proposed Method 19.3.1 Dataset Description 19.4 Experimental Results 19.5 Conclusion References 20 A Comprehensive Machine Learning Approach in Detecting Coronary Heart Disease 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Literature Review 20.3 Design Methodology 20.3.1 Description of Dataset 20.3.2 Experimental Work 20.3.3 Algorithms Used 20.3.4 Support Vector Machine 20.3.5 Decision Tree 20.3.6 Random Forest 20.4 Result Analysis 20.5 Conclusion References 21 Evaluation of Crime Against Women Through Modern Data Visualization Techniques for Better Understanding of Alarming Circumstances Across India 21.1 Introduction 21.1.1 Preface 21.1.2 Origin of the Problem 21.1.3 Problem Statement with Objectives 21.1.4 Literature Review 21.2 Preliminaries 21.2.1 Dataset Description 21.3 Architecture Diagram 21.3.1 Description of Architecture Diagram 21.4 Proposed Methodology 21.5 Conclusion and Conflicts of Interests 21.5.1 Conclusion 21.5.2 Conflicts of Interests References 22 Artificial Neural Network-Based Malware Detection Model Among Shopping Apps to Increase the App Security 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Related Works 22.3 Malware in Apps 22.4 Machine Learning 22.5 Proposed Architecture 22.6 Architecture Description: 22.7 Methodology 22.7.1 Dataset 22.7.2 Classification Models 22.8 Performance Evaluation 22.9 Result Analysis 22.9.1 Accuracy 22.10 Conclusion References 23 A Satellite-Based Rainfall Prediction Model Using Convolution Neural Networks 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Review of Literature 23.3 Proposed Work 23.3.1 Architecture Diagram 23.3.2 Description of Datasets and Tools 23.3.3 Design Methodology 23.4 Result Analysis 23.5 Conclusion References 24 A Smart Enhanced Plant Health Monitoring System Suitable for Hydroponics 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Review of Literature 24.3 Materials and Methods 24.3.1 Proposed Architecture 24.3.2 Materials 24.4 Experimentation 24.5 Conclusion References 25 A Survey: Classifying and Predicting Features Based on Facial Analysis 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Facial Analysis Methodology 25.2.1 Face expression 25.2.2 Age and Gender estimation 25.3 Conclusion References 26 Satellite Ortho Image Mosaic Process Quality Verification 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Fusion Quality Index 26.2.1 Average Gradient (AG) 26.2.2 Correlation Coefficient (CC) 26.2.3 Entropy (E) 26.2.4 Relative Average Spectral Error (RASE) 26.2.5 Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) 26.2.6 Standard Deviation (SD) 26.2.7 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) 26.2.8 Universal Image Quality Index (UIQI) 26.3 Environment Setup 26.4 Results 26.5 Conclusion References 27 Early Prediction of Sepsis Utilizing Machine Learning Models 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Background Work 27.3 Methodology 27.4 Results and Discussions 27.5 Conclusion References 28 Detection of Malicious URLs Using Gradient Boosting Classifier 28.1 Introduction 28.2 Related Work 28.3 Proposed Methodology 28.3.1 Gradient Boosting Classifier 28.4 Experimentation and Results 28.5 Conclusions References 29 License Plate Recognition Using Neural Networks 29.1 Introduction 29.2 Methods 29.3 Literature Survey 29.4 Proposed Methodology 29.4.1 Recognition Process Based on CNN 29.4.2 Conv Layer 29.4.3 Pooling Layer 29.4.4 Fully Connected Layer 29.4.5 Activation Function 29.5 Conclusion 29.6 Results and Discussion References 30 Dehazing of Satellite Images with Low Wavelength and High Distortion: A Comparative Analysis 30.1 Introduction 30.2 Literature Survey 30.2.1 Image Enhancement 30.2.2 Physical Dehazing 30.2.3 Data Driven 30.3 Metrics for Comparative Analysis 30.3.1 Mean Squared Error 30.3.2 Mean Absolute Error 30.3.3 Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio 30.3.4 Structural Similarity Index Metric 30.4 Results and Comparative Analysis 30.4.1 Basic Definitions 30.5 Conclusion References 31 Automated Segmentation of Tracking Healthy Organs from Gastrointestinal Tumor Images 31.1 Introduction 31.1.1 Analysis of Gastrointestinal Cancers Worldwide 31.1.2 Projected GI Cancer New Cases and Deaths 31.1.3 Objectives 31.2 Literature Review 31.3 Materials and Methods 31.3.1 Dataset 31.3.2 Preprocessing 31.3.3 Data Augmentation 31.4 Proposed Methodology 31.5 Experiment and Results 31.5.1 Results 31.6 Conclusions 31.7 Future Work References 32 Collision Free Energy Efficient Multipath UAV-2-GV Communication in VANET Routing Protocol 32.1 Introduction 32.2 Related Works 32.3 UAVs-Based VANETs Environments 32.3.1 GV–GV Communication 32.3.2 UAVs–GV Communication 32.4 Collision Free Energy Efficient Multipath UAVs (CEM-UAVs) 32.4.1 Collision Free Path Selection 32.4.2 Energy Efficient Multipath Communication 32.5 Performance Analyses 32.5.1 End-to-End Delay 32.5.2 Packet Delivery Ratio 32.5.3 UAVs Count 32.5.4 Throughput 32.6 Conclusion References 33 Intelligent Data Transmission Through Stability-Oriented Multi-agent Clustering in VANETs 33.1 Introduction 33.2 Related Works 33.3 Proposed SOMAC Approach 33.3.1 Network Environment 33.3.2 Stability-Oriented Multi-agent Clustering (SOMAC) 33.4 Performance Analysis 33.4.1 Packet Delivery Ratio 33.4.2 End-to-End Delay 33.4.3 Energy Efficiency Calculation 33.4.4 Throughput Calculation 33.5 Conclusion References 34 Improved Chicken Swarm Optimization with Zone-Based Epidemic Routing for Vehicular Networks 34.1 Introduction 34.2 Related Works 34.3 ICSO-ZER Routing Protocol 34.3.1 Zone-Based Epidemic Routing Protocol 34.3.2 Background of CSO Algorithm 34.3.3 ICSO Algorithm 34.4 Performance Analysis 34.4.1 Energy Efficiency Calculation 34.4.2 Packet Delivery Ratio Calculation 34.4.3 Routing Overhead 34.4.4 End-to-End Delay 34.5 Conclusion References 35 Trust Management Scheme-Based Intelligent Communication for UAV-Assisted VANETs 35.1 Introduction 35.2 Related Works 35.3 Network Model 35.3.1 Vehicle-to-Vehicle Data Transmission (V2V) 35.3.2 Vehicle-to-UAV Data Transmission (V2U/U2V) 35.4 Trust Management Scheme (TMS) for UAVs 35.4.1 Trust Management During Communication Between Vehicles 35.4.2 Trust Management During Communication Between Vehicles to UAVs 35.5 Performance Analyses 35.5.1 Packet Delivery Ratio 35.5.2 End-to-End Delay 35.5.3 Average Number of Hops 35.5.4 Overhead 35.6 Conclusion References 36 Wideband and High Gain Antenna of Flowers Patches for Wireless Application 36.1 Introduction 36.2 Antenna Design 36.2.1 The Slot Antenna 36.2.2 Extraction of Metasurface Parameters 36.2.3 Metasurface Layer with Uniform Unit Cell Distribution 36.2.4 New Unit Cell-Shaped Metasurface Layer 36.3 Results and Discussion 36.4 Conclusion References 37 Certain Investigations on Solar Energy Conversion System in Smart Grid 37.1 Introduction 37.2 Literature Review 37.3 Proposed Method 37.3.1 Working of MPPT 37.3.2 P&O Algorithm 37.3.3 VSB Control 37.4 Performance of Power Quality Under Different Conditions 37.5 Conclusion References 38 Stationary Wavelet-Oriented Luminance Enhancement Approach for Brain Tumor Detection with Multi-modality Images 38.1 Introduction 38.2 Literature Survey 38.3 Proposed Method 38.3.1 2D-Stationary Wavelet Transform 38.3.2 Multi-scale Retinex 38.3.3 Gamma Correction 38.3.4 Multi-scale Gaussian Bilateral Filter 38.3.5 Tracking Algorithm 38.4 Results and Discussion 38.4.1 Performance Analysis 38.4.2 Comparative Analysis 38.5 Conclusion References 39 Multi Parameter Machine Learning-Based Maternal Healthiness Classification System 39.1 Introduction 39.2 Literature Survey 39.3 Proposed Method 39.3.1 MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Dataset 39.3.2 Pre-processing 39.3.3 Decomposition Techniques 39.3.4 Classification 39.4 Result and Discussion 39.4.1 Performance Analysis 39.4.2 Comparative Analysis 39.5 Conclusion References 40 Machine Learning-Based Brain Disease Classification Using EEG and MEG Signals 40.1 Introduction 40.2 Literature Survey 40.3 Proposed Method 40.3.1 CTC Conversion 40.3.2 Signal Pre-processing 40.3.3 Fast Fourier Transform 40.3.4 Multi-class SVM 40.4 Result and Discussion 40.4.1 Performance Analysis 40.4.2 Comparative Analysis 40.5 Conclusion References 41 Performance Comparison of On-Chain and Off-Chain Data Storage Model Using Blockchain Technology 41.1 Introduction 41.2 Review of Literature 41.2.1 Blockchain Technology 41.2.2 On-Chain Storage of Data 41.2.3 Off-Chain Storage of Data 41.3 Implementation and Comparison of On-Chain and Off-Chain Data Storage Model 41.4 Results and Analysis 41.5 Conclusion 41.6 Future Work References 42 Performance Analysis of Skin Cancer Diagnosis Model Using Deep Learning Algorithm with and Without Segmentation Techniques 42.1 Introduction 42.2 Literature Review 42.3 Various Methods for Skin Cancer Prediction 42.3.1 Skin Cancer Prediction with Segmentation 42.3.2 Skin Cancer Prediction Without Segmentation 42.4 Result and Discussion 42.5 Conclusion References 43 Security for Software Defined Vehicular Networks 43.1 Introduction 43.2 Related Works 43.3 Methodology 43.3.1 Incorporating SDN in VANET 43.3.2 Message Encryption 43.3.3 Detecting Attacks 43.4 Results and Discussion 43.4.1 Experimental Setup 43.4.2 Results 43.5 Conclusion References 44 Design of Multiband Antenna with Staircase Effect in Ground for Multiband Application 44.1 Introduction 44.2 Proposed Antenna Design 44.2.1 Development of Antenna Design Geometry 44.3 Results and Discussion 44.4 Conclusion and Future Scope References 45 Affine Non-local Means Image Denoising 45.1 Introduction 45.2 Proposed System 45.3 System Architecture 45.4 Results 45.5 Conclusion 45.6 Future Scope References 46 A Novel LRKS-WSQoS Model for Web Service Quality Estimation Using Machine Learning-Based Linear Regression and Kappa Methods 46.1 Introduction 46.2 Literature Review 46.3 Implementation and Methodology 46.3.1 Sensitivity and Specificity Calculation 46.4 Conclusion References 47 Deep Learning-Based Optimised CNN Model for Early Detection and Classification of Potato Leaf Disease 47.1 Introduction 47.2 Literature Survey 47.3 Dataset Collection 47.4 Data Preprocessing 47.5 Classification and Model Building 47.6 Evaluation and Results 47.7 Comparison of Results 47.8 Conclusion References 48 Detection of Parkinson’s Disease in Brain MRI Images Using Deep Learning Algorithms 48.1 Introduction 48.2 Related Work 48.3 Proposed Model 48.3.1 Data Collection 48.3.2 Data Preprocessing 48.3.3 Convolutional Neural Network 48.4 Performance Metrics 48.5 Results 48.6 Conclusion References 49 Malicious Bot Detection in Large Scale IoT Network Using Unsupervised Machine Learning Technique 49.1 Introduction 49.2 Related Work 49.2.1 Botnet Attack Detection Using Decision Tree 49.2.2 IoT Security Model-Based Fuzzy Theory 49.3 Proposed Model 49.3.1 Attack Characteristics of the Botnet 49.3.2 Feature Selection—Genetic Algorithm 49.4 Experimental Results 49.4.1 Dataset Description 49.5 Conclusion and Future Work References 50 LSTM with Attention Layer for Prediction of E-Waste and Metal Composition 50.1 Introduction 50.1.1 Dataset 50.1.2 Data Preprocessing 50.1.3 Training and Validation Data 50.2 Proposed Methodology 50.3 Results and Discussion 50.3.1 Performance Metrics 50.3.2 Quantitative Analysis 50.3.3 Comparative Analysis 50.4 Conclusion References 51 ADN-BERT: Attention-Based Deep Network Model Using BERT for Sarcasm Classification 51.1 Introduction 51.2 Related Work 51.3 Exploratory Dataset Analysis (EDA) 51.4 Proposed Methodology 51.4.1 Input Layer 51.4.2 Embedding Layer 51.4.3 Attention Layer 51.4.4 Dense Layer 51.4.5 Output Layer 51.5 Experimental Results and Analysis 51.6 Conclusion and Future Work References 52 Prediction of Personality Type with Myers–Briggs Type Indicator Using DistilBERT 52.1 Introduction 52.2 Related Work 52.3 Methodology 52.3.1 Architecture 52.3.2 Dataset 52.3.3 Preprocessing 52.3.4 Encodings 52.3.5 Training 52.4 Results 52.4.1 Comparative Study of Accuracies: 52.5 Conclusion References 53 A Novel Deep Learning Approach to Find Similar Stocks Using Vector Embeddings 53.1 Introduction 53.2 A Review of Existing Models 53.3 Proposed Approach 53.3.1 Creating a Denoising Autoencoder Model 53.3.2 Implementation Using Vector Embeddings 53.3.3 Similarity Metrics 53.4 Results and Discussions 53.4.1 Eigen Portfolio 53.4.2 Vector Embeddings and Model Output 53.5 Conclusion References 54 Investigating Vulnerabilities of Information Solicitation Process in RPL-Based IoT Networks 54.1 Introduction 54.2 RPL and Information Solicitation 54.2.1 Threat Model of Information Solicitation Attacks 54.3 Problem Statement 54.4 Experimental Setup 54.5 Results and Discussion 54.5.1 CPU Power and Transmit Power Consumed 54.5.2 Listen and LMP Power Consumed 54.5.3 Routing Metric and Beacon Interval 54.5.4 Network Overhead 54.5.5 Network Convergence Time and Packet Arrival 54.6 Comparison with Related Work 54.7 Conclusion and Future Scope of Work References 55 Computer-Based Numerical Analysis of Bioconvective Heat and Mass Transfer Across a Nonlinear Stretching Sheet with Hybrid Nanofluids 55.1 Introduction 55.2 Problem Formulation 55.3 Similarity Transformations 55.4 Results and Discussion 55.5 Concluding Remarks References Author Index