Evidentials: Turkic, Iranian and Neighbouring Languages (Empirical Approaches to Language Typology, Vol 24) (Empirical Approaches to Language Typology [Ealt]) (English and French Edition)

Research on language universals and research on linguistic typology are not antagonistic, but rather complementary approaches to the same fundamental the relationship between the amazing diversity of languages and the profound unity of language. Only if the true extent of typological divergence is recognized can universal laws be formulated. In recent years it has become more and more evident that a broad range of languages of radically different types must be carefully analyzed before general theories are possible. Typological comparison of this kind is now at the centre of linguistic research. The series empirical approaches to language typology presents a platform for contributions of all kinds to this rapidly developing field. The distinctive feature of the series is its markedly empirical orientation. All conclusions to be reached are the result of a deepened study of empirical data. General problems are focused on from the perspective of individual languages, language families, language groups, or language samples. Special emphasis is given to the analysis of phenomena from little known languages, which shed new light on long-standing problems in general linguistics. The series is open to contributions from different theoretical persuasions. It thus reflects the methodological pluralism that characterizes the present situation. Care is taken that all volumes be accessible to every linguist and, moreover, to every reader specializing in some domain related to human language. A deeper understanding of human language in general, based on a detailed analysis of typological diversity among individual languages, is fundamental for many sciences, not only for linguists. Therefore, this series has proven to be indispensable in every research library, be it public or private, which has a specialization in language and the language sciences. To discuss your book idea or submit a proposal, please contact Birgit Sievert. Preface Evidentials: semantics and history Turkic languages Some aspects of the acquisition of evidentials in Turkish Turkish MIŞ- and IMIŞ-items. Dimensions of a functional analysis Direct and indirect experience in Salar Turkic indirectives Reflections on -miš in Khalaj Indirectivity in Gagauz Between resultative, historical and inferential: non-finite -mIş forms in Turkish Iranian languages Indirectivity in Kurmanji Expressions of indirectivity in spoken Modern Persian Le médiatif: considérations théoriques et application à l’iranien Epistemic verb forms in Persian of Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan Traces of evidentiality in Classical New Persian Other language areas Evidentiality in Georgian Confirmative/nonconfirmative in Balkan Slavic, Balkan Romance, and Albanian with additional observations on Turkish, Romani, Georgian, and Lak Evidentiality and typology: grammatical functions of particles in Burmese and the early stages of Indo-European languages Expressions of evidentiality in two Semitic languages – Hebrew and Arabic Perfect forms as a means of expressing evidentiality in Modern Eastern Armenian Evidentiality in Komi Zyryan Perfect, evidentiality and related categories in Tungusic languages Evidentiality in Kinnauri Index of terms

The series is a platform for contributions of all kinds to this rapidly developing field. General problems are studied from the perspective of individual languages, language families, language groups, or language samples. Conclusions are the result of a deepened study of empirical data. Special emphasis is given to little-known languages, whose analysis may shed new light on long-standing problems in general linguistics.

This volume deals with the frequently misinterpreted evidential categories - grammaticalized expressions of subjective "experience" - found in the verbal systems of Turkic and Iranian languages, as well as in some of their Slavic, Finno-Ugric, Tungusic, Caucasian and Armenian contact languages. Edited By Lars Johanson, Bo Utas. Based On Papers Presented At A Colloquium Held At The Swedish Research Institute In Istanbul, April 1997. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. In English With One Article In French.