Evidence-Based Policing and Community Crime Prevention (Advances in Preventing and Treating Violence and Aggression)

This book addresses and reviews progress in a major innovative development within police work known as evidence-based policing. It involves a significant extension and strengthening of links between research and practice and is directed to the task of increasing police effectiveness in the field of community crime prevention. This volume provides an international perspective that synthesizes recent research results from the United States and other countries – including systematic reviews of large bodies of evidence – to illuminate several of the most challenging issues currently confronting police departments. It examines recent advances in research-based models of policing and the expanding base in outcome evaluation. Key areas of coverage include: Managing the nighttime economy. Supervising sex offenders. Tackling domestic/intimate partner violence. Addressing school violence and the formation of gangs. Reducing victim and witness retraction and disengagement. Responding to mental disorders, safeguarding vulnerable adults, and providing victim support. Leveraging public awareness campaigns. In addition, each chapter presents an overview of key issues within a designated area, synthesizes existing reviews, and examines the most recent research. The book clearly and concisely presents major concepts, theories, and research findings, thereby providing both conceptual and analytic tools alongside an integrated presentation of principal findings and messages. The volume concludes with a discussion of current directions in research, key developments in policing strategies, and identification of effective operational structures for facilitating and sustaining research-practice links. Evidence-Based Policing and Community Crime Prevention is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians and other professionals, and graduate students in forensic psychology, criminology and criminal justice, public health, developmental psychology, psychotherapy and counseling, psychiatry, social work, educational policy and politics, health psychology, nursing, and behavioral therapy/rehabilitation. Preface References Acknowledgements Contents About the Authors Chapter 1: Introduction and Background: Policing in Transition 1.1 Introduction and Overview 1.2 Setting the Scene: Policing Ancient and Modern 1.3 Contemporary Policing 1.4 An Evidence Base for Policing 1.5 Evaluating Police Effectiveness 1.6 Advances and Reversals? 1.7 The Present Volume References Chapter 2: Policing the Night-Time Economy: A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Practice 2.1 Research Question and Review Objectives 2.2 Background 2.3 Method 2.3.1 Previous Reviews 2.3.2 Search Strategy 2.4 Results 2.4.1 Other Studies 2.5 Discussion 2.5.1 Limitations References Chapter 3: Managing Sex Offenders on Licence: Effectiveness of Registration and Notification Procedures 3.1 Question to Be Addressed and Overall Objectives 3.2 Background 3.3 Review Objectives 3.4 Previous Reviews 3.4.1 Treatment of Sex Offenders 3.4.2 Risk Assessment 3.5 Method 3.5.1 Search Strategy 3.5.2 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 3.6 Results 3.6.1 Registration and Notification 3.6.2 Probation/Parole Supervision 3.6.3 Residence Requirements 3.6.4 Electronic and Computer Monitoring 3.6.5 Reintegration 3.6.6 Polygraph Testing 3.7 Discussion References Chapter 4: Domestic Abuse and Intimate Partner Violence: A Review of Police-Led and Multi-agency Interventions 4.1 Question to Be Addressed and Overall Aim 4.2 Background 4.2.1 Prevalence 4.2.2 Explaining Domestic Abuse and Partner Violence 4.3 Specific Objectives 4.4 Method 4.4.1 Search Strategy 4.4.2 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 4.5 Previous Reviews 4.6 Results: Evidence Review on Policing and IPV 4.6.1 Arrest 4.6.2 Coordinated Community Response 4.6.3 Women’s Police Stations and Justice Centres 4.6.4 Intervention Programmes for DA/IPV 4.6.5 Other Developments 4.7 Discussion 4.7.1 Strengths of This Literature 4.7.2 Limitations of the Literature 4.7.3 Principal Conclusions References Chapter 5: What Works in School-Based Interventions? A Systematic Review of Evaluation Research 5.1 Question to Be Addressed and Overall Objective 5.2 Background 5.3 Specific Objectives 5.4 Method 5.4.1 Search Strategy 5.4.2 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 5.5 Previous Reviews 5.6 Results of the Present Review 5.7 Discussion 5.7.1 Strengths and Limitations of the Research 5.7.2 Limitations of This Review 5.8 Conclusions 5.8.1 Summary of the Best-Supported Interventions 5.8.2 Practical Implications References Chapter 6: Preventing Young People from Involvement in Violence, Gangs and Organized Crime 6.1 Overall Objective 6.2 Background 6.2.1 From Definitions to Policy Developments 6.3 Method 6.4 Previous Reviews 6.5 Findings 6.5.1 Risk and Protective Factors 6.5.2 Best-Supported Interventions 6.6 Implications of Review Findings 6.6.1 Strengths and Limitations of the Reviews 6.6.2 Primary and Tertiary Prevention 6.7 Review of Recent Evaluations 6.7.1 Possible Future Directions References Chapter 7: Multi-agency Safeguarding for Vulnerable and At-Risk Adults 7.1 Overall Objective 7.2 Background 7.2.1 Extent of Need for Safeguarding 7.2.1.1 Overview 7.2.1.2 Intellectual Disabilities 7.2.1.3 Severe and Enduring Mental Health Problems 7.2.1.4 Older Adults 7.2.2 Formal Policies and Guidelines 7.3 Previous Reviews 7.4 Method 7.4.1 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 7.5 Findings 7.5.1 Police in a Multi-agency System 7.6 Discussion 7.6.1 Strengths and Limitations of the Research 7.7 Conclusions References Chapter 8: People with Mental Health Problems: A Systematic Review of Policing Interventions 8.1 Overall Aims 8.2 Background, Scene Setting: Key Issues, Major Developments and Landmark Studies 8.3 Specific Objectives of Review 8.4 Method 8.5 Results 8.5.1 Liaison and Diversion 8.5.2 Street Triage 8.5.3 Crisis Intervention Teams 8.5.4 Comparison of Approaches 8.6 Discussion 8.7 Implications for Practice 8.8 Implications for Policy 8.9 Future Developments/Prospects References Chapter 9: Victim and Witness Retraction and Disengagement: A Systematic Review of Contributing Factors 9.1 Questions and Objectives 9.2 Background 9.2.1 Attrition Early in the Justice Process 9.2.2 Factors Influencing Victims 9.3 Method 9.3.1 Search Strategy 9.3.2 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 9.4 Previous Reviews 9.5 Results 9.5.1 Analyses of Case File Information and/or Interviews 9.5.2 Perceptions of Professionals 9.5.3 Interventions to Reduce Retraction/Disengagement 9.5.4 Summary of Results 9.6 Discussion 9.6.1 Strengths and Limitations 9.6.2 Quality Appraisal 9.6.3 Future Prospects: Research and Practice Possibilities References Chapter 10: Victim Counselling and Support: A Review of Police, Community and Therapeutic Interventions 10.1 Questions and Overall Aim 10.2 Specific Objectives of the Review 10.3 Background 10.4 Method 10.4.1 Search Strategy 10.4.2 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 10.5 Previous Reviews 10.6 Research Designs and Quality Appraisal 10.7 Results 10.7.1 Police and Criminal Justice (19 studies) 10.7.2 Access to Community Resources (17 Studies) 10.7.3 Therapeutic Interventions (21 Studies) 10.7.4 Economic Evaluation: Cost-Effectiveness 10.8 Discussion 10.8.1 Strengths and Limitations 10.8.1.1 Literature Search 10.8.1.2 Inclusion/Exclusion Decisions 10.8.1.3 Methodological Quality 10.8.1.4 Assessment and Evaluation 10.9 Conclusions and Implications 10.9.1 Status of Victim Services References Chapter 11: What Works in Public Awareness Campaigns? A Scoping Review 11.1 Overall Objective 11.2 Background 11.3 Method 11.4 Previous Reviews 11.5 Results of the Present Review 11.5.1 General Public Awareness Initiatives 11.5.2 Public Awareness Linked to Forms of Crime Prevention 11.5.2.1 Neighbourhood Policing 11.5.2.2 Rail Network Safety 11.5.2.3 Gun Markets 11.5.3 Offence-Specific Awareness Campaigns 11.5.3.1 Wearing Bicycle Helmets 11.5.3.2 Shoplifting 11.5.3.3 Property Crime 11.5.3.4 Burglary 11.5.3.5 Car Theft 11.5.3.6 Alcohol Consumption 11.5.3.7 Drug Use 11.5.3.8 Drink-Driving 11.5.3.9 Violence 11.5.3.10 Violence Towards Women 11.5.3.11 Domestic or Intimate Partner Violence 11.5.3.12 Rape 11.5.3.13 Child Abuse 11.5.3.14 Hate Crimes 11.5.3.15 Human Trafficking 11.5.3.16 Terrorism 11.6 Discussion 11.6.1 Strengths and Limitations of the Research References Chapter 12: Lessons Learned: Ways Forward and Next Steps 12.1 Introduction 12.2 The Big Picture 12.3 Next Steps for Evidence-Based Policing 12.4 Predictive Policing 12.5 Conclusion References Index "This book addresses and reviews progress in a major innovative development within police work known as evidence-based policing. It involves a significant extension and strengthening of links between research and practice and is directed to the task of increasing police effectiveness in the field of community crime prevention. This volume provides an international perspective that synthesizes recent research results from the United States and other countries--including systematic reviews of large bodies of evidence--to illuminate several of the most challenging issues currently confronting police departments. It examines recent advances in research-based models of policing and the expanding base in outcome evaluation. Key areas of coverage include: Managing the nighttime economy. Supervising sex offenders. Tackling domestic/intimate partner violence. Addressing school violence and the formation of gangs. Reducing victim and witness retraction and disengagement. Responding to mental disorders, safeguarding vulnerable adults, and providing victim support. Leveraging public awareness campaigns. In addition, each chapter presents an overview of key issues within a designated area, synthesizes existing reviews, and examines the most recent research. The book clearly and concisely presents major concepts, theories, and research findings, thereby providing both conceptual and analytic tools alongside an integrated presentation of principal findings and messages. The volume concludes with a discussion of current directions in research, key developments in policing strategies, and identification of effective operational structures for facilitating and sustaining research-practice links. Evidence-Based Policing and Community Crime Prevention is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians and other professionals, and graduate students in forensic psychology, criminology and criminal justice, public health, developmental psychology, psychotherapy and counseling, psychiatry, social work, educational policy and politics, health psychology, nursing, and behavioral therapy/rehabilitation."--Back cover