European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring: Special Collection of 2020 Papers - Volume 2 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering Book 128)

This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM) and more broadly in the fields of smart materials and intelligent systems. The volume covers highly diverse topics, including signal processing, smart sensors, autonomous systems, remote sensing and support, UAV platforms for SHM, Internet of Things, Industry 4.0, and SHM for civil structures and infrastructures. The contributions, which are published after a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists. The contents of this volume reflect the outcomes of the activities of EWSHM (European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring) in 2020. Preface Organization Program Chairs Program Co-chairs Program Committee Contents New Opportunities for Structural Health Monitoring and Artificial Intelligence Structural Geometric Morphology Monitoring for Bridges Using Holographic Visual Sensor 1 Introduction 2 Experiment of Structural Geometric Morphology Monitoring 2.1 Holographic Visual Sensor 2.2 Experimental Setup and Procedure 2.3 The Spatial and Temporal Series Data 3 Test Results and Analysis 3.1 Analysis of Dense Full-Field Displacement Measurement Results 3.2 Analysis of Operational Modal Shapes Photogrammetry Results 4 Conclusion References Generative Adversarial Neural Networks for Guided Wave Signal Synthesis 1 Introduction 2 Model Preparation 2.1 Generative-Adversarial Networks 2.2 Style-Based GAN 2.3 GW-GAN 2.4 Data and Training 3 Results 3.1 Base Results 3.2 Style Space Exploration 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Concrete Surface Crack Segmentation Based on Deep Learning 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Concrete Crack Segmentation 2 Deep Learning-Based Method for Crack Segmentation 2.1 Overview 2.2 Model Implementation 2.3 Analysis of Geometric Properties 3 Training and Validation 3.1 Training and Validation Dataset 3.2 Experimental Setup 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Deep-Learning-Based Bridge Condition Assessment by Probability Density Distribution Reconstruction of Girder Vertical Deflection and Cable Tension Using Unsupervised Image Transformation Model 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Implementation Details 3.1 Sensor Locations 3.2 Data Pre-processing 3.3 Hyper-Parameter Setting 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 SHM System Upgrade 4.2 Cable Damage 4.3 Data Anomaly 4.4 Traffic Jam 5 Conclusions References Summary of Current Practice in Vibration Monitoring of Utility Tunnels and Shafts in the UK 1 Introduction 2 Vibration Measurement Caused by Piling and Other Construction 3 Phase 1 Assessment 4 Phase 2 Assessment 5 Phase 3 Assessment 6 Site Vibration Monitoring Results 7 Potential Opportunities for Structural Health Monitoring and Artificial Intelligence 8 Conclusions References Gaussian Process Based Grey-Box Modelling for SHM of Structures Under Fluctuating Environmental Conditions 1 Introduction 2 Gaussian Process Based Grey-Box Modelling 2.1 Gaussian Processes 2.2 The Effect of the GP Prior on Interpolation and Extrapolation 3 Case Study-Predicting Bridge Deflections 3.1 Grey-Box Modelling 3.2 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Applying Neural Networks for Multi-site Damage Detection in Fuselage Lap Joints of Cargo Aircraft 1 Introduction 2 Damage Detection Based on Stress-Strain State Kinetics Analysis 2.1 Promising Methods to Study the Stress-Strain State by the Optical Fiber-Based Measuring Systems 2.2 The Use of Approximations Based on Neural Networks for Interpretation of Sensor Readings 3 Detection of MSD Cracks in the Fuselage Joints Elements During Fatigue Tests 3.1 Assessment of Safe Damage Dimensions 3.2 Determination of the Threshold Value of Deformation Change 3.3 The Problem Parameters Discretization Effect on the Sensors Location Determination Accuracy 4 Results 5 Conclusions References Deep Learning Based Identification of Elastic Properties Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves 1 Introduction 2 Deep Learning Algorithms 2.1 1D Convolutional Neural Networks 2.2 Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) 3 Guided Waves in Composites 3.1 Theoretical Background 3.2 Solution of the Forward Problem Using SFEM 4 Training Strategy 4.1 Training Results with 1DCNN 4.2 Training Results with LSTM Network 4.3 Comparison and Discussions 5 Conclusion References A Methodology for Diagnosis of Damage by Machine Learning Algorithm on Experimental Data 1 Introduction 2 Methodology Framework 3 Experimental Setup and Specimen Detail 3.1 Experimental Variability Reduction 4 Numerical Modeling and Modal Validation 4.1 Numerical Modelling of Specimen 4.2 Numerical Modal Validation of Undamaged Specimen 4.3 Model Verification and Defining Scaling Factor 4.4 Numerical Database Creation 5 Feature Extraction and Dimension Reduction 6 Diagnosis Algorithm and Performance 6.1 Diagnosis Algorithm 6.2 Performance Evaluation of Network Structure on Numerically Simulated Data 6.3 Performance of Diagnosis Algorithm on Experimental Data 7 Summary and Conclusion References Acoustic Emission for Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructure Joint Optimization of the Number of Clusters and Their Parameters in Acoustic Emission Clustering 1 Variationnal Bayesian Gaussian Mixture Model 1.1 Brief Presentation of the GMM 1.2 Parameters Estimation in VB-GMM 1.3 Estimation of the Number of Clusters 2 Application on a Real AE Data References Space-Borne Health Monitoring for Civil Infrastructure Remote Sensing and In-Situ Measurements for the Structural Monitoring of Historical Monuments: The Consoli Palace of Gubbio, Italy 1 Introduction 2 Satellite Remote Sensing Techniques 2.1 General Aspects 2.2 Persistent Scatterer Pair Technique 2.3 SAR Tomography Technique 3 In-Situ Static Monitoring of Consoli Palace 4 Results of Remote Sensing Techniques 4.1 Data Comparison on the North Façade in the Period 2011–2016 4.2 Data Comparison on the North Façade in the Period 2017–2018 5 Conclusions References Investigation on the Use of SAR Data at the Building Scale 1 Introduction 2 Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) 3 FEM Model 4 Results 4.1 Simplified Approach Comparison 4.2 FE Model Results 4.3 Results Discussion 5 Conclusion References Sentinel-1 Data for Monitoring a Pre-failure Event of Tailings Dam 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Dataset 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Ground Deformation Monitoring of a Strategic Building Affected by Slow-Moving Landslide in Cuenca (Ecuador) 1 Introduction 2 Area of Study 2.1 Geological Setting 3 Methods 3.1 DInSAR Method 3.2 Geophysical Survey 4 Data 4.1 Amenaza de PRECUPA 4.2 DInSAR Data 5 Results 5.1 DInSAR Results 5.2 Geophisical Results 6 Conclusion References Autonomous Machine Learning-Enhanced SHM for Aerostructures Imbalanced Classification of Fatigue Crack for Aluminum Plates Using Lamb Wave 1 Introduction 2 Methodology Development 2.1 Lamb Waves Propagation Theory 2.2 Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique with Iterative-Partitioning Filter 3 Experiment 4 Model Training and Cross Validation 5 Conclusions References Multiple Model Filtering for Failure Identification in Large Space Structures 1 Introduction 2 The Bayesian Multiple Model Approach 3 The Very Large Spacecraft Model 4 The Spacecraft Behavior 5 Application of the Proposed Technique 6 Limits of the Current Implementation and Further Work 7 Conclusions References Electromagnetic Surface and Subsurface Sensing Methods for SHM Guided Electromagnetic Waves for Damage Localization in a Structural Health Monitoring Framework 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Modelling 3 Image Processing 3.1 Tomographic Reconstruction 3.2 Delay and Sum Beamforming 4 Results 5 Conclusions References Ultrasonic NDTs for the SHM of Train Wheel-Axle and Rail Laser Ultrasonics Inspection of Train Wheel - Evaluation of Optimized Setup 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 3.1 Setup I (Pitch – Catch) 3.2 Setup II (Pitch – Catch) 3.3 Setup III (Transmission) 4 Conclusions References New Trends and Challenges of SHM in Civil Engineering A New Concept Regarding the Modeling of Steel Cantilever Beams with Branched Cracks: A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 The Model of the Beam Containing a Branched Crack 2.1 The Model of the Beam with Decreased Rigidity on the Damaged Segment 2.2 The Improved Model Considering the Effect on the Crack Margins 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References A State-of-the-Art Review of Nature-Inspired Systems for Smart Structures 1 Introduction 2 Smart Monitoring 3 Nature-Inspired Systems for Smart Structures 3.1 Categorization of Nature-Inspired Systems 3.2 Nature-Inspired Systems for Smart Monitoring 4 Results and Future Trends 5 Summary References Hardness vs Strength for Structural Steels: First Results from Experimental Tests 1 Introduction 2 Steel Hardness 3 Leeb Hardness Tests 4 Experimental Tests and Standard Comparisons 5 Conclusions References Performance-Based Design of Structural Health Monitoring Systems 1 Introduction 2 Performance-Based Monitoring System Design 2.1 Monitoring Capacity 2.2 Monitoring Demand 2.3 Monitoring Effectiveness Check 3 The Adige Bridge Case Study 3.1 The Adige Bridge 3.2 The Monitoring System 3.3 Estimation of Monitoring Capacity by Uncertainty Propagation 4 Conclusions References Vibration Testing and System Identification of a Monumental Building in Sabbioneta, Italy 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Monumental Building 3 AVT, FE Modeling and Model Tuning 3.1 AVT and OMA 3.2 Finite Element Model and Modal Analysis 3.3 FE Model Tuning 4 Conclusions References Structural Health Monitoring Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithm and Acoustic Emission Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Gutenberg–Richter Law 3 Machine Learning Techniques 4 Experimental Test 4.1 Training Results 4.2 Test Results 5 Conclusion References Guided Wave Based-Occupancy Grid Robotic Mapping 1 Introduction 2 Finite Element Analysis 2.1 Signal Processing 2.2 Mapping Algorithm 3 Experimental Analysis 4 Conclusions References SHM of Vibrating Stay-Cables by Microwave Remote Sensing 1 Introduction 2 The Curved Cable-Stayed Bridge in Porto Marghera (Venice, Italy) 3 Ambient Vibration Tests 4 Dynamic Measurements on Stay Cables 5 Radar Interferometer Results 6 Estimation of Cables Tension 7 Conclusions References Infrared Thermography for Structural Health Monitoring Prediction of Refractory Lining Thickness in an Electric Furnace Using Thermography as a Non-destructive Testing Technique 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Assesment of Thermography as a Non-destructive Testing Technique to Structural Health Monitoring of an Electric Furnace 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup 3 Results 3.1 Normal Operation Scenario 3.2 Transient Operation Scenario 4 Conclusions References Infrared Thermography to Study Damage During Static and Cyclic Loading of Composites 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Campaign 3 Data Processing 3.1 Temperature Data from Static Tests 3.2 Temperature Data Acquired During Cyclic Tests 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Study of Damage Behavior of T-Joint Components by Means of Different Non-destructive Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Theory 2.1 Thermoelastic Stress Analysis (TSA) 2.2 Lock-in Thermography (LT) 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Materials 3.2 Experimental Plan 3.3 Pull-off and TSA Tests Set-up 3.4 Lock-in Thermography Methods and Set-up (T-Joint Coupons) 3.5 Ultrasound Experimental Set-up (T-Joint Panel) 4 Results 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions References Fiber Optics Sensors Smart Composite Rebars Based on DFOS Technology as Nervous System of Hybrid Footbridge Deck: A Case Study 1 Introduction 1.1 Distributed Fibre Optics Sensing in Measurements of Engineering Structures 1.2 DFOS in Bridge Monitoring 2 Brief Description of the Analyzed Footbridge 3 DFOS Monitoring System 4 Exemplary Strain Results 5 Conclusions References Shape Sensing with Inverse Finite Element Method on a Composite Plate Under Compression Buckling 1 Introduction 2 Inverse Finite Element Method Overview 3 Case Study 3.1 The Specimen 3.2 The Experimental Setup 3.3 The Input Strain Definition and Extrapolation 3.4 The IFEM Model 4 Results 5 Conclusions References Dynamic Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing for Environmental and Operational Aircraft Monitoring 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 SHM System Description 2.2 SHM Sensors Installation 2.3 SHM System Testing 3 Generation of the ANN–FEM Compensation Model 3.1 Data Sources 3.2 Data Pre-processing 3.3 FEM–ANN Compensation Model 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions References Strategies for Embedding Optical Fiber Sensors in Additive Manufacturing Structures 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 3D Printer Setup 2.2 Numerical Modelling 2.3 Experimental Setup 3 Results and Discussion References Simultaneous Measurement of Torque and Position of a Motor Operated Valve Actuator Using a Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Embedded into the Surface of the Worm Shaft 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Analysis of Torque and Position Measurement of an MOV Actuator Using FBGs 3 Experimental Procedures 3.1 Sensor Packaging 3.2 Tensile Testing 3.3 Torque Measuring 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Strain Characteristics of an FBG Sensor Embedded into the Surface of a Worm Shaft 4.2 Output Torque of the Actuator Measured by the FBG Sensor Embedded into the Surface of the Worm Shaft 4.3 Position of the Actuator Measured by the FBG Sensor Embedded into the Surface of the Worm Shaft 5 Conclusions References Impact Area Estimation in CFRP Panels by Cross-Correlation Driven Features and Distributed Sensing 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Impact Area Detection SW 2.2 Impact Area Monitoring HW 3 Experimental Test Execution 3.1 An Unstiffened Panel 3.2 A Stiffened Panel 4 Conclusion References Optical Fiber-Based Crack Monitoring on Engineered Barrier of Radioactive Waste Repository 1 Introduction 1.1 Radioactive Waste Disposal 1.2 Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor 2 Crack Identification Experiment 2.1 Full-Scale Mockup Facility 2.2 Experimental Setup 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Robust Statistical and Probabilistic Methods for Structural Health Monitoring Damage Detection on an Operating Wind Turbine Blade via a Single Vibration Sensor: A Feasibility Study 1 Introduction 2 The Wind Turbine, the Damage Scenarios, and the Field Measurements 3 The Damage Detection Methods 4 Damage Detection Performance Assessment 4.1 Vibration Signal Pre–processing 4.2 Preliminaries 4.3 The Damage Performance Assessment Procedure 4.4 Assessment Results 5 Concluding Remarks References New Modes of Inference for Probabilistic SHM 1 Probabilistic SHM 1.1 SHM, Uncertainty, and Risk 1.2 A Probabilistic Approach 2 Incomplete Data and Missing Information 3 New Modes of Probabilistic Inference 3.1 Partially-Supervised Learning 3.2 Dirichlet Process Mixture Models for Nonparametric Clustering 3.3 Transfer and Multi-task Learning 4 Conclusions References Early Damage Detection for Partially Observed Structures with an Autoregressive Spectrum and Distance-Based Methodology 1 Introduction 2 Parametric Spectral-Based Feature Extraction with AR Modeling 3 Log-Spectral Distance Method 4 Damage Detection Scheme 4.1 Experimental Verification on a Steel Structure 5 Conclusions References MCMC-Based Probabilistic Damage Characterization for Plate Structures Using Responses at Vibration Nodes 1 Introduction 2 Principles of NODIS Method for Plate Structure 3 MCMC-Based Bayesian Framework with NODIS 3.1 Bayesian Statistical Inference 3.2 The MCMC Sampling Technique 4 Numerical Validations 5 Conclusion References Seismic Performance Monitoring and Identification of Steel Storage Pallet Racks 1 Introduction 2 The Experimental Set-Up 3 The Case Study 4 The Experimental Programme and the Test Results 5 Numerical Simulations 6 Concluding Remarks References Active-Sensing Structural Health Monitoring via Statistical Learning: An Experimental Study Under Varying Damage and Loading States 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Gaussian Process Regression Models 2.2 Adaptive Time-Dependent AR Models 3 The Experimental Setup and the Signals 4 DI-Trained GPRM Results 5 TAR-trained GPRM Results 6 Conclusions References Fast Computation of the Autogram for the Detection of Transient Faults 1 Introduction 2 The Autogram and the Fast-Autogram 2.1 The Autogram 2.2 The Fast-Autogram 3 Comparison Over Experimental Data from CWRU Bearing Data Center 3.1 Acquisition IR0142 (176FE) 3.2 Acquisition IR0141 (275) 3.3 Acquisition IR0143 (177) 3.4 Acquisition B0210 (222DE) – Fan End Bearing Featuring Ball Fault – Non Periodic Impulses 4 Conclusions References On the On–Board Random Vibration–Based Detection of Hollow Worn Wheels in Operating Railway Vehicles 1 Introduction 2 The Railway Vehicle, The Field Tests and The Vibration Signals 3 Effects of the Hollow Wheels and Vehicle's Speed on the Random Vibration Signals 4 The Hollow Worn Wheels Detection Methods 5 Hollow Worn Wheels Detection Performance Assessment 6 Concluding Remarks References Optical and Computer-Vision Techniques for SHM and NDT Experimental Investigation on the Bond Behavior of FRCM-Concrete Interface via Digital Image Correlation 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 DIC Principles 2.2 Notched Concrete Beams with EB FRCM Sheets 2.3 DIC Setup 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Visual Bridge Damage Measurement Using Drone-Captured Image Quality Optimization 1 Introduction 2 Bridge Inspection Preparation 2.1 Damage Quantification Procedure Using Drone Images 2.2 Selected Drone and Bridge 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Inspection Image Acquisition 3.2 Image Quality Improvement 3.3 Damage Identification and Quantification 4 Conclusions References Carbon Nanotube and Graphene-Based Sensors for SHM Applications Cast Method Effect of Carbon Nanofiber Aggregates on Structural Health Monitoring 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Materials and Mixtures 2.2 Testing Program 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Self-sensing of CNT-Doped GFRP Panels During Impact and Compression After Impact Tests 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup 2.1 Material and Specimen 2.2 The CNT Network 2.3 Experimental Setup and Procedure 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Low Velocity Impact Tests 3.2 Quasi-static Indentation 3.3 Compression After Impact/Indentation 4 Conclusion References Damage Identification Under Changing Environment and Operational Conditions A Scalable Temperature Compensation Method for Guided Wave Based Structural Health Monitoring of Anisotropic CFRP Structures 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Framework 2.1 Influence of Temperature on Signal Phase 2.2 Influence of Temperature on Signal Amplitude 3 Experimental Setup 4 Physical Based Temperature Baseline Reconstruction 4.1 Signal Feature Extraction 4.2 Compensation Factors 5 Experimental Implementation and Validation 6 Conclusion References Prognostic Health Monitoring for Downhole Drilling Tools 1 Introduction 2 Torsional Resonances in a BHA 3 Steering Unit Twist-off 4 Crack Model 5 Prognostic Health Monitoring 6 Conclusions References System Identification of Beam-Like Structures Using Residual Indicators Derived from Stochastic Subspace Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Subspace-Based Damage Indicators for Vibrating Structures 3 Setup Description 4 Numerical Test 5 Experimental Test 5.1 Parametric Identification Results 6 Conclusions References Rebar Local Corrosion Monitoring of RC Structures Based on Fractal Characteristics of Piezoelectric Guided Waves 1 Introduction 2 Guided Waves and Frequency Dispersion Curves 3 Experimental Validation 3.1 Selection of Actuators and Sensors 3.2 Accelerated Corrosion and Damage Detection Experiments 4 Algorithm of Rebar Corrosion Monitoring Based on UGWs 4.1 Signal Processing 4.2 Fractal Dimension Method 5 Conclusions References Electromechanical Impedance Data Fusion for Damage Detection 1 Introduction 2 Measurement Set-Up 3 Conductance Spectra 4 Principal component analysis. 5 Machine Learning (ML) 6 Results 7 Summary References Multifunctional Materials and Composite Online Inspection System Based on Resin Flow Monitoring by Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors Immersed Inside Aeronautical RTM Process 1 Introduction 2 Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Technology 3 Impregnation Process 4 Experimental Set-Ups 5 Results 6 Discussion 7 Conclusions References Embedded Perovskite-Mechanoluminescent Sensor for Applications in Composite Materials 1 Introduction 2 Photodiode-Type Photodetector Device Architecture 3 Device Fabrication 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Device Mechanism 4.2 Encapsulation and Embedment Process 4.3 Sensor Response with Applied Pressure 5 Conclusion References In-Situ SEM Investigation of the Fatigue Behavior of Additive Manufactured Titanium Alloys 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Procedures 2.1 Material and Specimens 2.2 Experimental Setup 3 Fatigue Crack Growth of WAAM Deposited Ti-6Al-4V 3.1 Microstructure Properties 3.2 Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior 4 Conclusion References Enhanced Photoresponse of Inorganic Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite for Ultrasensitive Photodetector 1 Introduction 2 Device Fabrication 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Fatigue Reliability Assessment of Pipeline Weldments Subject to Minimal Detectable Flaws 1 Introduction 2 Experiment 2.1 Materials and Specimen Preparation 2.2 Fatigue Crack Growth Testing and Data 3 Fatigue Crack Growth Model 4 Reliability Assessment Subject to Minimal Detectable Size 5 Conclusion References Structural Health Monitoring of High-speed Rail and Maglev Systems Image Detection of Foreign Body Intrusion in Railway Perimeter Based on Dual Recognition Method 1 Research Background 2 Model Introduction 2.1 Primary Foreign Extraction 2.2 Secondary Recognition 2.3 Double Recognition Algorithm Detection 3 The Experimental Contrast 4 Conclusion References Defect Imaging Algorithms Based on Guided Waves for BVIDs Detection: a Round Robin test on a Large-Scale Aeronautical Composite Structures The Delay Multiply and Sum Algorithm for Lamb Waves Based Structural Health Monitoring 1 Introduction 2 Beamforming Algorithms 2.1 Delay and Sum 2.2 Delay Multiply and Sum 3 Experimental Validation 3.1 Setup 3.2 Processing 3.3 Results 4 Conclusion References General Session Monitoring Local Impedance Changes with Solitary Waves 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup 3 Numerical Modeling 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Influence of Temperature on Additive Manufacturing Polymer Structure with Embedded Fibre Bragg Grating Sensors 1 Introduction 2 Sample and Set-Up 3 Results 3.1 Spectra 3.2 Strain 4 Conclusion References Methods for Degradation Assessment of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Structure Exposed to the Simultaneous Influence of Temperature and Humidity 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Investigation – Sample and Set-Up 3 Results 3.1 Infrared Thermography Analyses 3.2 THz Spectroscopy Analyses 4 Conclusions References Analytical Modeling of Vibrations in a Damaged Beam Using Green-Volterra Formalism 1 Introduction and Problem Statement 2 Modelisation of the Damaged Beam 2.1 Assumptions 2.2 Constitutive Equations 3 Analytical Solution via Green-Volterra Series 3.1 Volterra and Green-Volterra Series 3.2 Problem Reformulation 3.3 Analytical Solution 4 Modal Decomposition 4.1 Determination of Modal Shapes 4.2 Modal Solution 5 Simulation and Comparison with State-of-the-Art 5.1 Simulation Parameters 5.2 Simulation Results 6 Conclusion References Damage Localisation by Residual Energy from Multiple-Input Finite Impulse Response Prognosis 1 Introduction 2 Theory 3 Results 3.1 Experimental Setup 3.2 Impulse Response Coefficients 3.3 Residual Energies and Localisation 4 Discussion and Outlook References Towards an Industrial Deployment of PZT Based SHM Processes: A Dedicated Metamodel for Lamb Wave Propagation 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Model 3 Metamodel 3.1 Sampling 3.2 Signal Compression 3.3 Radial Basis Function Interpolation 3.4 Metamodel Evaluation 4 Inverse Problem Resolution 5 Conclusion References Damage Detection in Tensegrity Using Interacting Particle-Ensemble Kalman Filter 1 Introduction 2 Geometric Non-linear Finite Element Model 2.1 Non-linear Response from Newmark-Beta 3 State Space Formulation for System Dynamics 4 System Estimation Using IPEnKF Algorithm 4.1 Envelop Parameter Filter - PF 4.2 Nested State Filter - EnKF 4.3 Particle Approximation 5 Numerical Experiment 6 Conclusion References Monitoring of Lithium-Ion Cells with Elastic Guided Waves 1 Introduction 2 Vibrometer Measurements 2.1 Measurement Set-Up 2.2 Results of Laser Vibrometer Measurements 3 Battery Measurements 3.1 Measurement Set-Up for Pitch-Catch Measurements 3.2 State of Charge 3.3 State of Health 4 Conclusion References Does the Precision Value Influence the Fusion Performance? A Method-Based Experimental Study 1 Introduction 2 Concept of Fictional Classifier 3 Application to Benchmark Data 4 Application to Experimental Data 5 Summary and Conclusions References Automatic Fault Detection and Classification in Lift Door Systems Using Vibration Signal Features 1 Introduction 2 Door Mechanism 3 Defects Classification Using Vibration Measurements 4 ANN Training Process 5 Results 6 Conclusions References Numerical Modelling of Stochastic Fatigue Damage Accumulation in Thick Composites 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Definition of Stochastic Variables 4 Finite Element Model 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusions and Future Work References Optimal Finite Difference Schemes for Multiple Damage Identification in Beams 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Measurement of Modal Rotations with Shearography 2.2 Computation of Modal Curvatures with Finite Differences 3 Damage Identification 4 Conclusions References Path Identification of a Moving Load Based on Multiobjective Optimization 1 Introduction 2 Laboratory Test Stand 2.1 Plate 2.2 The Actual Path of the Moving Load 3 The Inverse Problem 3.1 Response Residuum 3.2 Path Regularity 3.3 The Optimization Procedure 4 Preliminary Identification Results 5 Conclusion and Future Research References Damage Study Using Series and Parallel Electrode in Electromechanical Impedance Method 1 Introduction 2 Theory and Methodology 3 Experimental Setup 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions References Damage Identification in Beams by Post-processing Modal Displacements and Rotations with Haar Wavelet 1 Introduction 2 Analyzed Structure, Post-processing Method and Damage Indicators 2.1 Finite Element Analysis 2.2 Continuous Wavelet Transform 2.3 Damage Indicators 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Identification with Modal Displacements and Modal Rotations 3.2 Identification of Small Damage 4 Conclusions References Nonlinear Frequency Mixing in GFRP Laminate with a Breathing Delamination 1 Introduction 2 Finite Element Simulation 2.1 Structural Modelling 2.2 Mesh Size and Time Step Calculation 2.3 Modelling of Contact Pair 2.4 Formulation of Nonlinearity Index (NLI) 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Dual Frequency Excitation Signal on Delamination 3.2 Effect of Ply Orientation on Group Velocity 3.3 Effect of Ply Orientation on Nonlinearity 4 Summary and Conclusions References Data-Driven Damage Detection Based on Moving-Loads Responses - The Luiz I Bridge 1 Introduction 2 The Luiz I Bridge 2.1 Brief Description of the Bridge 2.2 Monitoring System 3 Approach for Damage Detection Based on Moving-Loads 3.1 General Remarks 3.2 Moving Principal Component Analysis 4 Results 4.1 General Remarks 4.2 Numerically-Simulated Data 4.3 Field Data 5 Conclusions References Author Index "This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM) and more broadly in the fields of smart materials and intelligent systems. It covers highly diverse topics, including signal processing, smart sensors, energy saving and harvesting, SHM system design and cyber physical systems, autonomous systems, remote sensing and remote support, UAV platforms for SHM, advanced manufacturing, Internet of Things, Industry 4.0, and SHM for civil structures and infrastructures. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists. The contents reflect the outcomes of the activities of EWSHM (European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring) in 2020."-- Provided by publisher