European Higher Education at the Crossroads: Between the Bologna Process and National Reforms (2-Volume Set)

Romania hosts the 2012 Bologna / European Higher Education Area Ministerial Conference and the Third Bologna Policy Forum. In preparation for these meetings, The Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (UEFISCDI) organised the Future of Higher Education - Bologna Process Researchers ́ Conference (FOHE-BPRC) in Bucharest on℗ 17-19 October 2011, with the support of the European University Association (EUA) and the Romanian National Committee for UNESCO. The conference brought the voices of researchers into international-level policy making in higher education. The results of the conference are presented in this book. Until now, empirical evidence supporting policies and reforms in higher education has often been a matter of local or regional focus. The development of a pan-European process in higher education policy drives a need to explore wider research topics on which to base policies. This book offers an unprecedented opportunity for higher education researchers to interact and contribute to the political process shaping the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), and to national policy agendas in more than 100 participant countries for the 2012 ministerial events. The book collects more than 50 articles focusing on vital issues in European higher education. These are arranged in sections addressing the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) Principles; Teaching and Learning; Quality Assurance; Mobility; Higher Education Governance in the EHEA; Funding of Higher Education; Diversification of Higher Education Missions; Higher Education Futures and Foresight Front Matter....Pages i-xiii Going Beyond Bologna: Issues and Themes....Pages 1-14 Front Matter....Pages 15-15 Reconsidering the EHEA Principles: Is There a “Bologna Philosophy”?....Pages 17-38 Principles, Problems, Politics ... What Does the Historical Record of EU Cooperation in Higher Education Tell the EHEA Generation?....Pages 39-57 Institutional Autonomy and the Attractiveness of the European Higher Education Area – Facts or Tokenistic Discourse?....Pages 59-81 Tensions in the Policy Objectives of the European Higher Education Area? Public Good and Public Responsibility Versus Service Liberalisation: Equality Versus Institutional Diversity....Pages 83-99 Implications of the Bologna Process for Equity in Higher Education....Pages 101-118 Academic Values Against the Commodification of Higher Education....Pages 119-138 Front Matter....Pages 139-139 Education as Transformation – Transforming European Higher Education....Pages 141-152 Time for Student-Centred Learning?....Pages 153-172 Widening Access to Higher Education – What Can EUROSTUDENT Say About the New Challenges Emerging for Teaching and Learning?....Pages 173-189 The Embedding of the European Higher Education Reform at the Institutional Level: Development of Outcome-Based and Flexible Curricula?....Pages 191-207 Mobility, ECTS and Grades: Problems with the Comparability of Grades....Pages 209-222 On the Tracks of Students and Graduates: Methods and Uses of Tracking Procedures in the European Higher Education Area....Pages 223-243 Front Matter....Pages 245-245 Quality Assurance and the European Transformational Agenda....Pages 247-265 External Quality Assurance Between European Consensus and National Agendas....Pages 267-285 Many Voices, One Song: The Role of Discipline-Based Europe-Wide Evaluation Tools in Emphasising Enhancement and Promoting the Modernisation Agenda of the EHEA....Pages 287-301 A Snapshot on the Internal Quality Assurance in EHEA....Pages 303-316 Internalizing Quality Assurance in Higher Education: Challenges of Transition in Enhancing the Institutional Responsibility for Quality....Pages 317-337 European “Transparency Instruments”: Driving the Modernisation of European Higher Education....Pages 339-360 Consequences of the Student Participation in Quality Assurance....Pages 361-373 Front Matter....Pages 375-375 Mobility Key to the EHEA and ERA....Pages 377-386 Student Mobility in Europe: Recent Trends and Implications of Data Collection....Pages 387-411 The Offspring of a Mobile Generation: Students with an Immigrant Background in Higher Education....Pages 413-430 Student Mobility Between Europe and the Rest of the World: Trends, Issues and Challenges....Pages 431-439 Student Mobility in the EU – Recent Case Law, Reflections and Recommendations....Pages 441-459 The PhD in Europe: Developing a System of Doctoral Training That Will Increase the Internationalisation of Universities....Pages 461-484 Student Mobility in Europe: The Informational Value of Official Statistics and Graduate Surveys....Pages 485-509 Internationalisation and Competitiveness of Universities Through Different Types of Researchers’ Mobility – Facing the Future....Pages 511-524 Front Matter....Pages 525-525 Governance Within the EHEA: Dynamic Trends, Common Challenges, and National Particularities....Pages 527-551 A Cross-National Comparison of Higher Education Markets in Western Europe....Pages 553-571 Tools and Implementation for a New Governance of Universities: Understanding Variability Between and Within Countries....Pages 573-598 University Governance in Changing European Systems of Higher Education....Pages 599-611 The Decline of an Academic Oligarchy. The Bologna Process and ‘Humboldt’s Last Warriors’....Pages 613-630 The Changing Conceptions of Student Participation in HE Governance in the EHEA....Pages 631-653 Higher Education Reforms in Europe: A Comparative Perspective of New Legal Frameworks in Europe....Pages 655-673 Front Matter....Pages 675-675 A Policy Gap: Financing in the European Higher Education Area....Pages 677-690 Accountability and the Public Funding of Higher Education....Pages 691-707 European Universities Diversifying Income Streams....Pages 709-726 Who Is to Pay for Mobile Students?....Pages 727-748 Entrepreneurialism and Financing for Improved Academic Enterprise in Higher Education: Coaching for Leadership and Innovation Reflecting True Demand....Pages 749-789 Front Matter....Pages 675-675 Relating Quality and Funding: The Romanian Case....Pages 791-807 Front Matter....Pages 809-809 Refocusing the Debate on Diversity in Higher Education....Pages 811-835 “Everyone Wants to Be Like Harvard” – Or Do They? Cherishing All Missions Equally....Pages 837-862 Institutional Diversification and Homogeneity in Romanian Higher Education: The Larger Picture....Pages 863-885 U-Map, University Activity Profiles in Practice....Pages 887-903 How to Measure Institutional Profiles in the Norwegian HE Landscape....Pages 905-934 Diversity of Higher Education in Europe and the Findings of a Comparative Study of the Academic Profession....Pages 935-959 Front Matter....Pages 961-961 Transmodern Journeys: Futures Studies and Higher Education....Pages 963-968 Multiple Futures for Higher Education in a Multi-level Structure....Pages 969-993 Systemic Foresight for Romanian Higher Education....Pages 995-1017 Re-imagining the Role and Function of Higher Education for Alternative Futures Through Embracing Global Knowledge Futures....Pages 1019-1037 The Politics and Consequences of Eurocentrism in University Disciplines....Pages 1039-1055 Is Bologna Sustainable in the Future? Future Testing the Bologna Principles....Pages 1057-1072 Back Matter....Pages 1073-1103 SECTION 3: Quality Assurance.- 14. Introduction: Quality Assurance and the European Transformational Agenda; Andrée Sursock.- 15. External Quality Assurance between European Consensus and National Agendas; Achim Hopbach.- 16. Many Voices, One Song: The Role of Discipline-based Europe-wide Evaluation Tools in Emphasising Enhancement and Promoting the Modernisation Agenda of the EHEA; Jeremy Cox.- 17. A Snapshot on the Internal Quality Assurance in EHEA; Tia Loukkola.- 18. Internalizing Quality Assurance in Higher Education: Challenges of Transition in Enhancing the Institutional Responsibility for Quality; Mihai Paunescu, Bogdan Florian, Gabriel-Marian Hâncean.- 19. European "Transparency Instruments": Driving the Modernisation of European Higher Education; Ellen Hazelkorn.- 20. Consequences of the Student participation in Quality Assurance; Fernando Miguel Galán Palomares.- SECTION 4: Mobility.- 21. Introduction: Mobility Key to the EHEA and ERA;Peter van der Hijden.- 22. Student Mobility in Europe. Recent Trends and Implications of Data Collection; Irina Ferencz and Bernd Waechter.- 23. The Offspring of a Mobile Generation: Students with an Immigrant Background in Higher Education; Chripa Schneller.- 24. Student Mobility between Europe and the Rest of the World: Trends, Issues and Challenges; Hans de Wit.- 25. Student Mobility in the EU - Recent Case Law, Reflections and Recommendations; Sacha Garben.- 26. The PhD in Europe: Developing a System of Doctoral Training that Will Increase the Internationalisation of Universities; Conor O'Carroll, Lewis Purser, Sinead Lucey, Nina McGuinness.- 27. Student Mobility in Europe: The Informational Value of Official Statistics and Graduate Surveys; Ulrich Teichler.- 28. Internationalisation and Competitiveness of Universities through Different Types of Researchers' Mobility - Facing the Future; Snezana Krstic.- Volume 2: Governance, Financing, Mission Diversification and Futures of Higher Education.- Volume 1: Bologna Process Principles, Teaching and Learning, Quality Assurance, Mobility. - Preface.- 1. Introduction: Going Beyond Bologna: Issues and Themes; Peter Scott.- SECTION 1: European Higher Education Area Principles.- 2. Introduction: Reconsidering the EHEA Principles: Is there a 'Bologna Philosophy'?; Pavel Zgaga.- 3. Principles, Problems, Politics ... What Does the Historical Record of EU Cooperation in Higher Education Tell the EHEA Generation?; Anne Corbett.- 4. Institutional Autonomy and the Attractiveness of the European Higher Education Area - Facts or Tokenistic Discourse?; Terhi Nokkala.- 5. Tensions in the Policy Objectives of the European Higher Education Area? Public Good and Public Responsibility versus Service Liberalisation Equality versus Institutional Diversity; Elsa Hackl.- 6. Implications of the Bologna Process for Equity in Higher Education; Marina Elias Andreu and John Brennan.- 7. Academic Values against the Commodification of Higher Education. An Episode in Constructing the Discursive Meaning of Higher Education in the Bologna Process; Klemen Miklavič.- SECTION 2: Teaching and Learning.- 8. Introduction: Education as Transformation - Transforming European Higher Education; Hanne Smidt.- 9. Time for Student-Centred Learning?; Angele Attard and Koen Geven.- 10. Widening Access to Higher Education - What Can EUROSTUDENT Say about the New Challenges Emerging for Teaching and Learning?; Dominic Orr.- 11. The Embedding of the European Higher Education Reform at the Institutional Level: Development of Outcome-based and Flexible Curricula?; Åsa Lindberg-Sand.- 12. Mobility, ECTS and Grades. Problems with the Comparability of Grades; Michael Huber.-13. On the Tracks of Students and Graduates: Methods and Uses of Tracking Procedures in the European Higher Education Area; Kai Muehleck.- SECTION 5: Higher Education Governance in the European Higher Education Area.- 29. Introduction: Governance within the EHEA: Dynamic Trends, Common Challenges, and National Particularities; Robin Middlehurst and Pedro Teixeira.- 30. A Cross-national Comparison of Higher Education Markets in Western Europe; Harry de Boer.- 31. Tools and Implementation for a New Governance of Universities. Understanding Variability between and within Countries; Catherine Paradeise.- 32. University Governance in Changing European Systems of Higher Education; Roberto Moscati.- 33. The Decline of an Academic Oligarchy. The Bologna Process and 'Humboldt's last warriors'; Hans Pechar.- 34. The Changing Conceptions of Student Participation in Higher Education Governance in the EHEA; Manja Klemenčič.- 35. Higher Education Reforms in Europe: a Comparative Perspective of New Legal Frameworks in Europe; Alberto Amaral, Orlanda Tavares, Cristina Santos.- SECTION 6: Funding of Higher Education.- 36. Introduction: A Policy Gap: Funding in the European Higher Education Area; Liviu Matei.- 37. Accountability and the Public Funding of Higher Education; Kata Orosz.- 38. European Universities Diversifying Income Streams; Enora Bennetot Pruvot and Thomas Estermann.- 39. Who Is to Pay for Mobile Students? Marcel Gérard.- 40. Entrepreneurialism and Financing for Improved Academic Enterprise in Higher Education: Coaching for Leadership and Innovation Reflecting True Demand; James Powell.- 41. Relating Performance and Funding. The Romanian Case; Lazăr Vlăsceanu, Adrian Miroiu.- SECTION 7: Diversification of Higher Education Institutions Missions as a Response to Global Competition.- 42. Introduction: Refocusing the Debate on Diversity in Higher Education ; Sybille Reichert.- 43. "Everyone Wants to Be Like Harvard"--Or Do They? Cherishing all Missions Equally; Ellen Hazelkorn.- 44. Institutional Diversification and Homogeneity in Romanian Higher Education: The Larger Picture; Liviu Andreescu, Radu Gheorghiu, Viorel Proteasa, Andrian Curaj.- 45. U-MAP, University Activity Profiles in Practice; Frans Kaiser, Marike Faber, Ben Jongbloed.- 46. How to Measure Institutional Profiles in the Norwegian Higher Education Landscape. The Norwegian "Institutional Profile Project"; Ole-Jacob Skodvin.- 47. Diversity of Higher Education in Europe and the Findings of a Comparative Study of the Academic Profession; Ulrich Teichler.- SECTION 8: Higher Education Futures and Foresight.- 48. Introduction: Transmodern Journeys: Future Studies and Higher Education; Ziauddin Sardar.- 49. Multiple Futures for Higher Education in a Multi-level Structure; Attila Havas.- 50. Systemic Foresight for Romanian Higher Education; Liviu Andreescu, Radu Gheorghiu, Marian Zulean, Adrian Curaj.- 51. Re-imagining The Role and Function of Higher Education for Alternative Futures through Embracing Global Knowledge Futures; Jennifer M. Gidley.- 52. The Politics & Consequences of Eurocentrism in University Disciplines; Vinay Lal.- 53. Is Bologna Sustainable in the Future? Future Testing the Bologna Principles; Eddie Blass.- Index