European Foundation Design for Seasonlly Frosen Ground, US Army Corps of Engineers

European Foundation Design for Seasonlly Frosen Ground, US Army Corps of Engineers, march 1992 (Проектирование фундаментов в Скандинавских странах, в сезонно-промерзающих грунтах). Monograph 92-01, 126 pages. Prepared for office of cheefs of engineers, Omar T. Farouki, Introduction Foundations in cold regions need to be adequately designed against frost action. Otherwise damage may result from the heavy of freezing soil under and around foundations. In particular, the foundation depth should extend below the depth of frost penetration in frost-susceptible soil. This report draws from the design codes and practices in Europe, particularly Scandinavian countries, where problems are most intense and where considerable experience has evolved related to specific foundation designs agains frost action. personal visits and contacts with designers in Scandinavia provided additional information. Contents Preface Introduction Design Criteria Slab on grade foundations Foundations with crawl space or basements Frost protection of unheated buildings Designs with open foundations Frost protection during winter construction Retaining walls and bridge foundations Insulation propertice and use Conclusion Literature citied