European Constitutional Courts towards Data Retention Laws (Law, Governance and Technology Series, 45)

La 4e de couverture indique : "The book analyses the impact the jurisprudence of the constitutional courts of EU Member States and the Court of Justice of the European Union has had on the perception of freedom of communications in the digital era with respect to these courts' judgments regarding regulating storage and access to telecommunications data (known as telecommunications data retention) from 2008 to 2017. To do so, it examines the jurisprudence of the constitutional courts of Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Ireland, Germany, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, and Slovakia, i.e. those courts that have already ruled on domestic provisions regulating telecommunications data retention. Further, it investigates the judgments of the Court of Justice of European Union regarding directive 2006/24/EC regulating telecommunications data retention along with relevant jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. As such, the book provides a comparative study of jurisprudence and national measures to implement the Data Retention Directive. Moreover, the book discusses whether our current understanding of protection of freedom of communications guaranteed by the constitutions of EU member states and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, which was developed in the era of analogue communications, remains accurate in the era of digital technologies and mass surveillance (simultaneously applied by states and private corporations). In this context, the book reconstructs constitutional standards that currently apply in the EU towards data retention. This book presents a unique comparative analysis of all judgments concerning Directive 2006/24/EC, which can be used in the legislative process on the EU forum aimed at introducing new principles of data retention and by constitutional courts in the context of comparative argumentation." About This Book......Page 6 Contents......Page 10 Part I: Data Retention in Europe......Page 12 1 Data Retention Directive: Scope, Aim, Consequences......Page 13 2 The Constitutional Road to Digital Rights Ireland......Page 15 3 National Legislation on Data Retention Under Scrutiny: Tele-2/Watson Develops the Digital Rights Ireland Findings......Page 18 4 Data Retention in the European Union: Where Are We Now?......Page 21 5 Conclusions......Page 24 References......Page 25 1 Freedom of Communication According to the ECtHR......Page 28 2 Klass and Others v. Germany: Landmark ECtHR Judgment for the Analogue Era......Page 29 3 Technology Perspective Pertaining to the Prison System......Page 32 4 Telephone Tapping......Page 33 5 Other Communication Means......Page 36 6 Technology Development as a Challenge to the ECtHR......Page 37 7 Freedom of Communication in the Digital Era......Page 39 References......Page 44 Part II: Data Retention in Judgments of National Constitutional Courts......Page 46 1 Implementation of Directive 2006/24/EC in Austria......Page 47 2 Proceedings Before the Constitutional Court......Page 53 3 Decision of the Constitutional Court......Page 56 References......Page 59 1 Introduction......Page 61 2 Implementation of Directive 2006/24/EC in Belgium......Page 63 3 Proceedings Before the Constitutional Court (2015)......Page 69 4 Decision of the Constitutional Court (2015)......Page 70 5 Consequences and Execution of Judicial Decision (2015)......Page 71 7 Decision of the Constitutional Court (2018)......Page 75 8 Conclusion......Page 80 References......Page 81 1 Implementation of Directive 2006/24/EC in Bulgaria......Page 83 2 Decision of the Supreme Administrative Court (2008)......Page 84 3 Consequences and Execution of the Judicial Decision (2008)......Page 85 4 Proceeding Before the Constitutional Court (2015)......Page 87 5 Decision of the Constitutional Court (2015)......Page 89 6 Consequences and Execution of the Judicial Decision (2015)......Page 90 Data Retention in Cyprus in the Light of EU Data Retention Law......Page 92 1 Implementation of Directive 2006/24/EC in Cyprus......Page 93 2 Decision of the Supreme Court (2011)......Page 95 3 Data Retention Legislation in Cyprus After the 2014 CJEU Ruling......Page 96 4 Decision of the Supreme Court (2018)......Page 101 5 Consequences of Judicial Decision (2018)......Page 103 6 Conclusion......Page 105 References......Page 106 1 Implementation of Directive 2006/24/EC in the Czech Republic......Page 107 2 Proceedings Before the Constitutional Court......Page 110 3 Decision of the Constitutional Court......Page 114 4 Consequences and Execution of Judicial Decision......Page 120 5 Conclusion......Page 121 References......Page 122 1 Introduction......Page 123 2 Implementation of Directive 2006/24/EC in Germany......Page 124 3 Proceedings Before the Federal Constitutional Court......Page 126 4 Decision of the Federal Constitutional Court......Page 127 5 Legislation and Jurisdiction in the Aftermath......Page 137 6 Final Remarks......Page 140 References......Page 141 Data Retention in Ireland......Page 143 2 Implementation of Directive 2006/24/EC in Ireland......Page 144 3 Proceedings Before the High Court: First Round......Page 146 4 Decision of the High Court (2010)......Page 147 5 Request for Preliminary Ruling (2012)......Page 149 6 Consequences of the Judgment in the DRI Case......Page 151 8 Decision of High Court (2017)......Page 154 9 Consequences and Execution of Judicial Decisions......Page 155 10 Conclusion......Page 159 References......Page 160 1 Implementation of Directive 2006/24/EC in Poland......Page 161 2 Proceedings Before the Constitutional Tribunal......Page 165 3 Decision of the Constitutional Tribunal......Page 169 4 Consequences and Execution of Judicial Decision......Page 176 References......Page 179 Data Retention in Portugal......Page 180 1 Introduction......Page 181 3 Decision 403/2015 of the Constitutional Tribunal (2015)......Page 183 4 Decision 420/2017 of the Constitutional Tribunal (2017)......Page 188 5 Consequences and Execution of Judicial Decisions......Page 189 Reference......Page 192 1 Introduction......Page 193 2 Implementation of Directive 2006/24/EC in Romania......Page 194 3 Decision of the Constitutional Court (2009)......Page 196 4 Decision of the Constitutional Court (2014)......Page 202 5 Consequences and Execution of Judicial Decision......Page 204 References......Page 205 1 Introduction......Page 207 2 Implementation of Directive 2006/24/EC in Slovakia......Page 208 3 Proceeding Before the Constitutional Court......Page 210 4 Decision of Constitutional Court......Page 213 4.1 Provisions of the Act on Electronic Communications......Page 215 4.2 Provisions of the Penal Code and the Police Force Act......Page 217 5 Consequences and Execution of Judicial Decision......Page 219 6 Conclusion......Page 220 References......Page 221 1 Implementation of Directive 2006/24/EC in Slovenia......Page 222 2 Proceedings Before the Constitutional Court......Page 224 3 Decision of the Constitutional Court......Page 225 4 Consequences and Execution of Judicial Decision......Page 227 References......Page 228 Part III: Common European Standard of Data Retention Law in Europe......Page 229 1 Introduction......Page 230 2 On the Road Towards a Harmonised European Data Retention Law......Page 232 3 Timeline of Judgments Regarding the Directive 2006/24/EC......Page 235 4 Privacy and Secrecy of Communication in the Digital Age......Page 237 5.1 Data Retention......Page 238 5.2 Access to the Retained Data......Page 242 6 Material and Institutional Basis for a Common European Standard......Page 245 7 Final Remarks......Page 248 References......Page 250 The Court of Justice of the European Union: Judgment of 8 April 2014, Ref. No C-293/12 and C-594/12......Page 251 Interference with the Rights Laid Down in Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter......Page 253 Justification of the Interference with the Rights Guaranteed by Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter......Page 254 The Scope of Directive 2002/58......Page 260 The Interpretation of Article 15(1) of Directive 2002/58, in the Light of Articles 7, 8, 11 and Article 52(1) of the Charter......Page 263 The Second Question in Case C-203/15 and the First Question in Case C-698/15......Page 269 The Second Question in Case C-698/15......Page 272 The Constitutional Court of Austria: Judgment of 27 June 2014, Ref. No G 47/2012 et al.......Page 273 The Constitutional Court of Belgium: Judgment of 11 June 2015, Ref. No 84/2015......Page 281 The Supreme Administrative Court of the Republic of Bulgaria: Judgment of 11 December 2008, Ref. No 13627......Page 283 The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Bulgaria: Judgment of 12 March 2015, Ref. No 8/2014......Page 285 The Supreme Court of Cyprus: Judgment of 1 February 2011, Ref. No 65/2009, 78/2009, 82/2009 and 15/2010-22/2010......Page 291 The Constitutional Court of Czech Republic: Judgment of 22 March 2011, Ref. No Pl. ÚS 24/10......Page 295 The Federal Constitutional Court of Germany: Judgment of 2 March 2010, Ref. No 1 BvR 256/08, 1 BvR 263/08, 1 BvR 586/08 (Excer.........Page 310 The High Court of Ireland: Judgment of 5 May 2010, Ref. No 2006 3785 P......Page 326 The Constitutional Tribunal of Poland: Judgment of 30 July 2014, Ref. No K 23/11......Page 329 The Constitutional Court of Portugal: Judgment of 27 August 2015, Ref. No 403/15......Page 339 The Constitutional Court of Portugal: Judgment of 13 July 2017, Ref. No 420/17......Page 346 The Constitutional Court of Romania: Judgment of 8 October 2009, Ref. No. 1258/2009......Page 350 The Constitutional Court of Romania: Judgment of 8 July 2014, Ref. No 440......Page 356 The Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic: Judgment of 29 April 2015, Ref. No PL. ÚS 10/2014......Page 370 The Constitutional Court of Slovenia: Judgment of 3 July 2014, Ref. No U-I-65/13......Page 377