Europe or Africa? : A Contemporary Study of the Spanish North African Enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla

Ceuta and Melilla are two "enclaves" on the northern coast of Africa that have been Spanish for centuries but that are claimed by the Kingdom of Morocco. As an integral part of Spain the towns have also been part of the territory of the European Union since 1986. Their unique situation has created considerable tension in the relationship (both political and economic) between Spain and Morocco. As well as looking at this relationship, the book explains how the anomalous situation of the enclaves impinges on issues such as immigration from North and sub-Saharan Africa into the EU, defense, trade and the Spanish political scene in general. Ceuta And Melilla Are Two 'enclaves' On The Northern Coast Of Africa Which Have Belonged To Spain For Centuries But Which Are Claimed By The Kingdom Of Morocco. As An Integral Part Of Spain The Towns Have Also Been Part Of The Territory Of The European Union Since 1986. Their Unique Situation Has Created Considerable Tension In The Relationship (both Political And Economic) Between Spain And Morocco. As Well As Looking At This Relationship, The Book Explores How The Anomalous Situation Of The Enclaves Impinges On Issues Such As Immigration From North And Sub-saharan Africa Into The Eu, Defence, Trade And The Spanish Political Scene In General. The Study Concludes By Considering The Future Of The Enclaves In The Context Not Only Of Spanish-moroccan Relations But Also Of The Eu's Euro-mediterranean Partnership.--book Jacket. 1. The Impact Of The Enclaves On Spanish-moroccan Relations -- 2. The Enclaves Within The Spanish State: The Autonomy Statutes -- 3. The Evolving Political Landscape In The Enclaves -- 4. The 1985 Immigration Law And Community Relations In The Enclaves -- 5. The Enclaves: A Migration Gateway To Europe -- 6. The Enclaves: Europe Or Africa? -- 7. Gibraltar And The Enclaves -- 8. Conclusion: Looking To The Future. Peter Gold. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [177]-183) And Index. Title Page......Page 4 Contents......Page 8 Acknowledgement......Page 9 List of figures and tables......Page 10 Introduction......Page 12 1: The impact of the enclaves on Spanish-Moroccan relations......Page 18 2: The enclaves within the Spanish state: the autonomy statutes......Page 53 3: The evolving political landscape in the enclaves......Page 73 4: The 1985 Immigration Law and community relations in the enclaves......Page 108 5: The enclaves: a migration gateway to Europe......Page 137 6: The enclaves: Europe or Africa?......Page 168 7: Gibraltar and the enclaves......Page 175 Conclusion: looking to the future......Page 183 References......Page 194 Index......Page 202 Ceuta and Melilla are two ‘enclaves'on the northern coast of Africa that have been Spanish for centuries but that are claimed by the Kingdom of Morocco. As an integral part of Spain the towns have also been part of the territory of the European Union since 1986. Their unique situation has created considerable tension in the relationship (both political and economic) between Spain and Morocco. As well as looking at this relationship, the book explains how the anomalous situation of the enclaves impinges on issues such as immigration from North and sub-Saharan Africa into the EU, defence, trade and the Spanish political scene in general.