Europa Reformata (English Edition) : Reformationsstädte Europas Und Ihre Reformatoren

This beautifully illustrated, compact volume traces the profile of 48 European cities in early Reformation times. It transports readers across Europe from Spain to Estonia, from Scotland to Romania, passing through many fascinating cities in the Reformation heartland of this continent. With finely drawn historical portraits and abundant pictorial material, the articles by different scholars also feature the most prominent Reformers who lived and worked in each city (including six dynamic women). Supplemented by an illustrated map of Europe, local websites and reading lists, Europa Reformata will serve as a guide for visitors and armchair travelers alike. By highlighting so many cities and pioneers of the Reformation, it makes a timely and unique contribution to the 500th anniversary of this groundbreaking movement. Der prächtige und doch handliche Band zeichnet die reformatorischen Profile von etwa vierzig europäischen Städten nach. Die Leser werden von Spanien über Zentraleuropa bis Estland und Finnland geführt, von Schottland und England bis nach Rumänien. Profilierte Texte und reiches Bildmaterial veranschaulichen das Wirken der berühmtesten Reformatoren – sowie der fünf Reformatorinnen – und stellen die Städte mit ihren Bauten und Zeugnissen aus der Reformationszeit vor Augen. Ergänzt durch eine bebilderte Europakarte und die Angabe von kirchlichen Adressen und Tourismusbüros, eignet sich der Band auch als Reiseführer auf den Spuren der Reformation in Europa. An diesem perfekten Geschenk zum 500. Reformationsjubiläum sollte niemand achtlos vorübergehen. Cover Imprint Contents Preface Introduction I. The spiritual heart of the Reformation: trust in God’s revelation II. The importance of the printing press and education for the Reformation III. Reformation advocacy of education and liberation IV. Reformation and the sharing of power: the involvement of city councils, guilds and kings V. Public theology: the importance of sermons and disputations VI. Catechisms — church ordinances — innovations in ordinary life VII. Princesses, female Reformers, and young theologians and jurists in leading roles VIII. European internationality IX. Thematic conflicts with the Church of Rome X. Intra-Protestant thematic conflicts Antwerp: Jacob Propst, William of Orange and Philip Marnix of St. Aldegonde A cosmopolitan metropolis Early support for Luther’s reform The rise of Anabaptism and Calvinism Protestant expansion during the annus mirabilis A last climax of Protestantism: the Calvinist Republic Further reading Visiting Antwerp Augsburg: Wolfgang Musculus Augsburg ca. 1520: Episcopal city and global business center Local parish reformations and the town council’s deferred Reformation The Council’s late Reformation after the Imperial Diet of 1530 and its theological advocate, Wolfgang Musculus (1497–1563) Augsburg as a town of two religions Further reading Visiting Augsburg Basel: Erasmus of Rotterdamand Johannes Oecolampadius Two scholars, young and old, become friends The Greek New Testament The appearance and condemnation of Luther Oecolampadius becomes a Reformer The Reformed city Further reading Visiting Basel Béarn: Marguerite de Navarre, Gérard Roussel, and Jeanne d’Albret The Protestant reforms of Gérard Roussel The Calvinist Reformation of Jeanne d’Albret Further reading Visiting Béarn Bern: Berchtold Haller and Niklaus Manuel Significance of the Bern Reformation Bern — a powerful city-state Bern’s rich tradition of religious devotion and piety How the Reformation began in Bern Supporters of Reformation ideas in Bern Introduction and establishment of the Reformation in Bern Consolidation and expansion of the Reformation Further reading Visiting Bern Breslau (Wrocław): Johannes Hess and Zacharias Ursinus Wroclaw’s historical context Humanism and the Reformation Johannes Hess and the adoption of the Reformation in Breslau Zacharias Ursinus and the international Reformation Further reading Visiting Wrocław Bretten: Philipp Melanchthon Melanchthon’s place of birth Southwest German Humanism Bretten and the Reformation Further reading Visiting Bretten Cambridge: Thomas Cranmer In the White Horse Inn Thomas Cranmer in the reign of Henry VIII Thomas Cranmer in the reign of Edward VI Thomas Cranmer in the reign of Mary I Further reading Visiting Cambridge Constance: Ambrosius, Margarete and Thomas Blarer Ambrosius und Thomas Blarer The beginnings of the Reformation in Constance Margarete Blarer The Tetrapolitan Confession of 1530 Ambrosius Blarer in Württemberg, 1534–38 The end of the Reformation in Constance Further reading Visiting Constance Copenhagen: Johannes Bugenhagen King Christian III and Johannes Bugenhagen The royal coronation Adoption of a new church ordinance Consecration of the seven superintendents The reopening of the university Return to Wittenberg Further reading Visiting Copenhagen Debrecen: Márton Kálmáncsehi Sánta, Péter Melius Juhász The beginning of the Reformation in Debrecen Debrecen as “Hungarian Geneva” Memorial Garden and College Memorial site of the Reformation Further reading Visiting Debrecen Edinburgh: George Wishart and John Knox The beginning of the Scottish Reformation Edinburgh James Hamilton, Earl of Arran George Wishart (ca. 1513–46) and John Knox (ca. 1514–72) John Knox in exile “The Lords of the Congregation of Jesus Christ” Mary, Queen of Scots, and James VI Episcopal or Presbyterian? Further reading Visiting Edinburgh Emden: John a Lasco Confessional pluralism John a Lasco in East Frisia John a Lasco moves to England John a Lasco’s return to East Frisia The refugee churches Further reading Visiting Emden Ferrara: Renée de France and Olympia Morata Ferrara The court of Renée de France Olympia Morata The heretical community of Ferrara Repression Further reading Visiting Ferrara Geneva: John (Jean) Calvin and Théodore de Bèze Geneva around 1536 Calvin’s Career in Geneva The Genevan Consistoire Geneva — capital of the Reformation Geneva — holy city or devil’s den? Further reading Visiting Geneva Hamburg: Stephan Kempe, Johannes Bugenhagen and Johannes Aepinus Hamburg at the beginning of the sixteenth century Stephan Kempe (?–1540) and Johannes Bugenhagen (1485–1558) The ecclesiastical and political reorganization of Hamburg in 1528/29 Johannes Aepinus (1499–1553) Further reading Visiting Hamburg Heidelberg: Petrus Dathenus and Zacharias Ursinus A disputation that excited attention The halting beginnings of the Reformation The Reformation Church Order of 1556 under Ottheinrich Transition to Reformed Protestantism from 1559 to 1576 Further reading Visiting Heidelberg Herborn: Caspar Olevian Adoption of the Reformation in Nassau-Dillenburg Establishing the Hohe Schule and appointing Caspar Olevian The Hohe Schule Herborn as a Reformed educational institution of European fame Further reading Visiting Herborn Hermannstadt/Sibiu: Paul Wiener Origin Imprisonment in Vienna Hermannstadt Further reading Visiting Hermannstadt/Sibiu Kronstadt/Brașov: Johannes Honterus and Valentin Wagner A multiethnic region The “Turkish menace” Johannes Honterus Introduction of the Reformation Valentin Wagner Today Further reading Visiting Kronstadt/Brașov Leiden: Petrus Bloccius and Jan van Hout Influence of Luther — the Anabaptists Petrus Bloccius The Reformed Jan van Hout Conflicting Reformed views of church government Further reading Visiting Leiden Ljubljana/Laibach: Primož Truber Ljubljana — capital of the Duchy of Carniola Primož Truber — from Catholic canon to Lutheran pastor Counter-Reformation and places of remembrance Further reading Visiting Ljubljana Lyon: Waldes and Pierre Viret Waldes The Waldensians during the Middle Ages Joining the Reformation Pierre Viret in Lyon In conclusion Further reading Visiting Lyon Visiting the Waldensian Valleys Marburg: Philipp of Hesse and Adam Krafft Landgrave Philipp the Magnanimous (1504–67) The oldest Protestant university (1527) The Marburg Colloquy (1529) Further reading Visiting Marburg Memmingen: Christoph Schappeler Christoph Schappeler (1472–1551) Peasants’ Revolt Further reading Visiting Memmingen Mühlhausen in Thuringia: Thomas Müntzer Between marking time and setting off Municipal conflict and Reformation stirrings The servant of God from Allstedt and the church of the elect Further reading Visiting Allstedt and Mühlhausen Münster: Bernhard Rothmann, Jan Matthys and Jan van Leiden Münster — a large city devoted to the old faith in the Holy Roman Empire Münster’s swing toward Lutheranism Münster’s path from Anabaptism to Anabaptist kingdom The bishop recaptures Münster Further reading Visiting Münster Neuchâtel: William (Guillaume) Farel Fertile ground for the Reformation Adoption of the new faith William (Guillaume) Farel — torchbearer of the gospel A nerve center for reform Farel’s Return Legacy Further reading Visiting Neuchâtel Nuremberg: Lazarus Spengler and Andreas Osiander Nuremberg — a center of the Holy Roman Empire New media and humanism The beginnings of the Reformation: the reading and preaching movement The religious colloquy of 3–14 March 1525 Organizing the Reformation until 1533 Religious homogeneity Further reading Visiting Nuremberg Orlamünde: Andreas Karlstadt Karlstadt’s benefice in Orlamünde Orlamünde Karlstadt in Orlamünde in 1523/24 Expulsion from Orlamünde Further reading Visiting Orlamünde Oxford: John Wycliffe and William Tyndale The University of Oxford Tension between England and the Curia The theology of John Wycliffe Wycliffe’s influence William Tyndale Further reading Visiting Oxford Prague: Jan Hus The theology of Jan Hus Utraquists Bohemian Brethren The Reformation in Bohemia and Moravia Further reading Visiting Prague Reval/Tallinnand Dorpat/Tartu: Hermann Marsow Livonia at the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity The beginnings of the Reformation in Livonia Reformation in Dorpat Reformation in Reval Hermann Marsow in Dorpat Further reading Visiting Tallinn and Tartu Riga: Andreas Knopken Andreas Knopken Church of St. Peter Church of St. James Iconoclasm Burcard Waldis Final adoption of the Reformation Cathedral Church of St. Mary Further reading Visiting Riga Schwäbisch Hall: Johannes Brenz Hall and Heller — the town, salt and money Free and devout — Hall in the late Middle Ages Lutheran and Swabian — the Reformer Johannes Brenz in Hall Words and works — the theologian Johannes Brenz Mature years and advice — Johannes Brenz in Württemberg Further reading Visiting Schwäbisch Hall Seville: Dr. Egidio The Inquisition of 1559/1560 Dr. Egidio On the trail of Dr. Egidio Further reading Visiting Seville Speyer: Michael Diller Initial stirrings of the Reformation The Imperial Diets of 1526 and 1529 The adoption of the Reformation in 1540 Michael Diller Consolidation of the Reformation Church of the Holy Trinity (1717) Memorial Church of the Protestation (1904) Further reading Visiting Speyer Stockholm: Gustav I Wasa and Olaus Petri Stockholm Copenhagen The Stockholm bloodbath of 1520 Gustav I Wasa Olaus Petri Sites commemorating the Reformation Further reading Visiting Stockholm Strasbourg: Martin Bucer and Katharina Zell Martin Bucer, theologian of “living for others” and “fanatic of unity” The victory of the Protestant movement in Strasbourg Katharina Zell: a “Mother of the Church” during the Reformation Age Further reading Visiting Strasbourg Turku: Michael Agricola Student in Wittenberg Teacher in Turku As Bishop in Turku Visitations on behalf of the diocese As a peace mediator in Russia Conclusion Further reading Ulm: Sebastian Franck and Caspar von Schwenckfeld Ulm — city of commerce round about the cathedral Initial sounding boards of the Reformation: private homes and the Barfüsserkirche Reformation preaching resounds in the cathedral The public referendum of 1530 and diversity of opinion in the Ulm Reformation The spiritualistic spokespersons of the Ulm Reformation: Sebastian Franck and Caspar von Schwenckfeld Conclusion: cathedral echoes of the concert of voices For further reading Visiting Ulm Venice: Bartolomeo Fonzio and Baldassarre Altieri The Republic around 1520 The reception of the Reformation in Venice Bartolomeo Fonzio and the early phase of Venetian “Lutheranism” Baldassarre Altieri and the crisis of the 1540s Bartolomeo Fonzio as a clandestine heterodox leader Inquisitorial repression Do any traces of “Lutheran” Venice survive nowadays? Contemporary “Protestant” Venice Further reading Visiting Venice Viborg: Hans Tausen Hans Tausen Tract against Jens Andersen Beldenak, 1529 Implementing the Reformation in Viborg 1529 Jørgen Jensen Sadolin Further reading Visiting Viborg Vienna: Paul Speratus Humanism and anticlericalism Paul Speratus (1484–1551) Anti-Reformation measures Spread of the Reformation Counter-Reformation Further reading Visiting Vienna Witmarsum: Menno Simons Catholic priest Anabaptist preacher Theology Further reading Visiting Witmarsum Visiting Bad Oldesloe Wittenberg: Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon The town of Wittenberg Martin Luther (1483–1546) Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560) Epilogue Further reading Visiting Wittenberg Worms: Martin Luther, Hans Denck and Ludwig Hätzer The Imperial Diet of 1521 Luther’s hearing The Edict of Worms The Prophets of Worms The confessionally divided town Further reading Visiting Worms Zurich: Huldrych Zwingli and Heinrich Bullinger Zurich Huldrych Zwingli (1484–1531) Intra-Protestant conflicts Zwingli’s death Heinrich Bullinger (1504–75) Further reading Visiting Zurich Photo credits Übersichtskarte This beautifully illustrated, compact volume traces the profile of 48 European cities in early Reformation times. It transports readers across Europe from Spain to Estonia, from Scotland to Romania, passing through many fascinating cities in the Reformation heartland of this continent. With finely drawn historical portraits and abundant pictorial material, the articles by different scholars also feature the most prominent Reformers who lived and worked in each city (including six dynamic women). Supplemented by an illustrated map of Europe, local websites and reading lists, Europa Reformata will serve as a guide for visitors and armchair travelers alike. By highlighting so many cities and pioneers of the Reformation, it makes a timely and unique contribution to the 500th anniversary of this groundbreaking movement -- Provided by publisher This beautifully illustrated, compact volume traces the profile of 48 European cities in early Reformation times. It transports readers across Europe from Spain to Estonia, from Scotland to Romania, passing through many fascinating cities in the Reformation heartland of this continent. -- With finely drawn historical portraits and abundant pictorial material, the articles by different scholars also feature the most prominent Reformers who lived and worked in each city (including six dynamic women). -- Supplemented by an illustrated map of Europe, local websites and reading lists, Europa Reformata will serve as a guide for visitors and armchair travelers alike. By highlighting so many cities and pioneers of the Reformation, it makes a timely and unique combination to the 500th anniversary of this groundbreaking movement Der prächtige und doch handliche Band zeichnet die reformatorischen Profile von etwa vierzig europäischen Städten nach. Die Leser werden von Spanien über Zentraleuropa bis Estland und Finnland geführt, von Schottland und England bis nach Rumänien. Profilierte Texte und reiches Bildmaterial veranschaulichen das Wirken der berühmtesten Reformatoren - sowie der fünf Reformatorinnen - und stellen die Städte mit ihren Bauten und Zeugnissen aus der Reformationszeit vor Augen. Ergänzt durch eine bebilderte Europakarte und die Angabe von kirchlichen Adressen und Tourismusbüros, eignet sich der Band auch als Reiseführer auf den Spuren der Reformation in Europa. An diesem fast perfekten Geschenk zum 500. Reformationsjubiläum sollte niemand achtlos vorübergehen