Eurasian Business and Economics Perspectives: Proceedings of the 35th Eurasia Business and Economics Society Conference (Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics, 22)

EBES conferences have been intellectual hub for academic discussion in economics, finance, and business fields and provide network opportunities for participants to make long lasting academic cooperation. This is the 22nd volume of the Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics (EBES’s official proceeding series) which includes selected papers from the 35th EBES Conference – Rome 2021. Due to the COVID-19, the conference presentation mode has been switched to "online/virtual presentation only”. In the conference, 142 papers by 302 colleagues from 48 countries were presented. Both theoretical and empirical papers in this volume cover diverse areas of business, economics, and finance from many different regions. Therefore, it provides a great opportunity to colleagues, professionals, and students to catch up with the most recent studies in different fields and empirical findings on many countries and regions. Preface Eurasia Business and Economics Society (EBES) Contents Contributors Part I: Eurasian Business Perspectives: Entrepreneurship Why Immigrant Entrepreneurs are More Prone to Exit than Non-immigrant Entrepreneurs? 1 Introduction 2 Importance of This Study 2.1 Immigrant Entrepreneurs ́ Exit 2.2 Impact of COVID-19 on Immigrant Entrepreneurs 3 Theoretical Underpinnings for This Study 3.1 Theory of Planned Behaviour and Implications for This Study 3.2 Self-construal Theory and Implications for This Study 4 A Conceptual Framework and Proposition Development 4.1 Attitude and Intention to Exit 4.2 Self-construal, Attitude and Intention to Exit 4.3 Subjective Norms and Intention to Exit 4.4 Self-construal, Subjective Norms and Intention to Exit 4.5 Perceived Behavioural Control and Intention to Exit 4.6 Self-construal, Perceived Behavioural Control and Intention to Exit 4.7 Impact of COVID-19 on Intention to Exit 4.8 Intention to Exit and Exit Behaviour 5 Proposed Agenda for Future Research 6 Implications for Public Policies 7 Conclusions References Hawkers ́ Attitude on Environmentally Friendly Food Packaging Practices in Night Market 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review and Hypothesis Development 2.1 Perceived Benefits Confidence (PBC) 2.2 Perceived Risks (PR) 2.3 Environmental Knowledge (EK) 2.4 Intention to Use Environmentally Friendly Food Packaging (EFFP) 3 Research Methodology 4 Findings 4.1 Demographic Profile 4.2 Reliability 4.3 Pearson Correlation Analysis 4.4 Structural Model for Variables 5 Discussion and Implication 6 Conclusion References Part II: Eurasian Business Perspectives: Human Resources Management and Education Innovation and Creativity Among Individuals in Work Environments: The Effect of Personality, Motivation, Psychological, and Ta... 1 Introduction 2 Review of Literature 2.1 Big Five Personality Traits 2.2 Need for Cognition 2.3 Motivation and Reward-Performance Expectancy 2.4 Job Complexity 3 Methods 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Skills Shortages in Post-transition Economies 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Data and Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References How Hybrid Learning Can Enhance the Student Experience and Teaching Outcomes in the Wake of COVID-19: A Case Study of a Busine... 1 Introduction 2 The Community of Inquiry Framework 3 Hybrid Learning in the Context of Covid-19 4 Methods 5 Findings 5.1 Findings from a University-wide Survey 5.2 Findings from Other Sources 5.2.1 Overview: Building a Collaborative Learning Community 5.2.2 Detailed Analysis: Relationships and Enablers Cognitive Presence and Communication Social Presence and Empowerment Teaching Presence and Technology 5.2.3 Most Cited Challenges Engagement Well-being Technology-Related Issues 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion 7.1 Policy Implications 7.2 Contributions and Future Research Appendix 1: Top priorities for students when studying online Appendix 2: Online learning challenges Appendix 3: Source of help with online learning difficulties Appendix 4: Most negative aspect of online learning Appendix 5: Students ́ recommendation for improving quality of delivery References Part III: Eurasian Business Perspectives: Management Knowledge Management in a Political Context: A Case Study About the Members of the German Bundestag 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Theoretical Background 2.2 Economic Discipline 2.3 Public and Political Sector 3 Methods and Data 3.1 The Sample 3.2 Online Survey 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Knowledge Management by German MPs 4.2 Suggestions for Optimization and Further Need of Research 5 Conclusion References The Principlism Method Applied Utilitarianist in Mathematical Calculations for an Ethical Decision 1 Introduction 2 Problem Identification 3 Problem Adaptation 4 Mathematical Methodology Approach 5 Practical Example of Mathematical Approach 6 Conclusion References Part IV: Eurasian Business Perspectives: Marketing Neuromarketing: A Review Regarding Marketing Field 1 Introduction 2 Neuromarketing and Main Methods 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion and Limitations References Innovative Financial Indicators: Marketing ROI 1 Introduction 2 Classical ROI 3 ROI in Marketing 4 Conclusion References Part V: Eurasian Business Perspectives: Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) Analysis of the Relationship Between Strategic Networking and Performance Among Croatian Service Sector SMEs 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review and Hypotheses 2.1 Strategic Networking and Business Performance 2.2 Strategic Networking and Financial Performance 2.3 Strategic Networking and Non-financial Performance 2.4 Strategic Networking and External Environment 2.5 External Environment as a Moderator 3 Research Method 3.1 Sample 3.2 Variables, Measures, Model and Analysis 4 Results 5 Conclusion 5.1 Implications for Future Research and Management 5.2 Limitations References Assessing the Effects and Policy Interventions Amidst COVID-19 Crisis: Focus on Georgian SMES 1 Introduction 2 General Overview 3 Crisis Management and COVID-19 Impact on SMEs in Georgia 4 Research Goal and Research Hypothesis 5 Research Methods 6 Findings 7 Key Findings 8 Conclusion References Part VI: Eurasian Economic Perspectives: Finance The Technological Impact in Finance: A Bibliometric Study of Fintech Research 1 Introduction 2 Review of the Literature on Bibliometric Analysis 3 Method 3.1 Data Source and Procedure 4 Results 4.1 Total Research Studies by Year 4.2 Document and Source Type 4.3 Most Prominent Journals 4.4 Most-Cited Studies 4.5 Co-authors Network 4.6 Author Keywords 4.7 Subject Area 4.8 Prominent Countries in Fintech Research 4.9 Active Academic Institutions in Fintech Research 5 Conclusion References The Factors Determining the Specific Nature of Formation of the Capital Structure: Evidence from Maritime Sector 1 Introduction 2 The Conceptions of Formation of Capital Structure 3 The Factors Influencing the Formation of Capital Structure 4 The Analysis of the Factors Determining the Capital Structure of Maritime Sector Companies 5 Methodology 6 Findings 7 Conclusion References Measuring Corporate Social Responsibility by Constructing an Index: An Empirical Evidence from Oman 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Review of Existing Approaches to Measure CSR 3.2 Constructing the CSR Index 3.3 Sample Size 4 Results and Findings 5 Discussion 6 Limitation and Scope of Future Study 7 Conclusion References On the Relationship Between Macroeconomic Factors and SandP BSE Auto Index: An ARDL Approach 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Data and Methodology 3.1 Data 3.2 Measurements of Variables and Hypothesis Development 3.2.1 Dependent Variable (LBSEAUTO) 3.2.2 Independent Variables and Hypotheses Crude Oil Price (LCRUDE) Exchange Rate (LER) Index of Industrial Production (LIIP) Inflation (LCPI) Gold Price (LGoldPrice) Repo Rate (REPO) 3.3 Empirical Model 3.4 Model Specification for Co-integration with ARDL 3.5 ARDL Bounds Testing 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Descriptive Statistics 4.2 Graphical Analysis 4.2.1 Log Transformations 4.2.2 First Difference of Log Transformations 4.3 ADF Test 4.4 Multicollinearity Check 4.5 ARDL Co-integration Test 4.5.1 Research Model Lag Length Selection ARDL Bounds Test ARDL and ECM Results Diagnostic Test Results 5 Conclusion References Part VII: Eurasian Economic Perspectives: Growth and Development Economic Policies and Their Impacts on Growth 1 Introduction 2 Data 3 Regression Specification and Methodology 4 Estimation Results 5 Sensitivity Analysis 6 Conclusion Appendix References Three Decades on Renewable Climate Policy: A Bibliometric Analysis 1 Introduction 2 The Bibliometric Approach Method 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Research Question 1: What Is the Annual Trend of Publications and Which Are the Most Cited? 3.2 Research Question 2: What Are the Most Relevant Journals and Most Recognized Authors That Publish the Biggest Number of Pa... 3.3 Research Question 3: On Renewable Climate Policy Which Are the Most Involved Institutions of the Authors and Related Count... 4 Conclusion References The Potential Use of Blockchain Technology for Data Collection and Measurement of Trade in Services 1 Introduction 2 Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology 3 Main Benefits and Potential Applications of Blockchains and DLT 4 International Trade in Services 4.1 Measuring Trade in Services 4.2 Use of Blockchain for Data Collection and Measurement of Trade in Services 5 Conclusion References Part VIII: Eurasian Economic Perspectives: Regional Studies The Design of Fiscal Rules in the European Monetary Union 1 Introduction 2 Why Nations Accumulate Debt 3 Fiscal Design in the European Monetary Union (EMU) 3.1 Fiscal Stabilization through Market Mechanism 3.2 Fiscal Rules in the European Monetary Union 4 Conclusion References The Perspectives on Non-state Social Protection 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Non-state Social Protection 3.2 Perspectives and Forms of Non-state Social Protection 3.2.1 Non-state Social Protection Based on Devereux and Sabates-Wheeler ́s Typology 3.2.2 Forms and Providers of Non-state Social Protection Providers in Africa 3.2.3 Degree of Organizational Formalization of Non-state Social Protection 3.2.4 Non-state Social Protection Service and the Relative Capacity of the State 3.2.5 The Dimensions of Non-state Social Protection 4 Conclusion and Recommendation References