Etiology and Morphogenesis of Congenital Heart Disease : From Gene Function and Cellular Interaction to Morphology

This volume focuses on the etiology and morphogenesis of congenital heart diseases. It reviews in detail the early development and differentiation of the heart, and later morphologic events of the cardiovascular system, covering a wide range of topics such as gene functions, growth factors, transcription factors and cellular interactions that are implicated in cardiac morphogenesis and congenital heart disease. This book also presents recent advances in stem cell and cell sheet tissue engineering technologies which have the potential to provide novel in vitro disease models and to generate regenerative paradigms for cardiac repair and regeneration. This is the ideal resource for physician scientists and investigators looking for updates on recent investigations on the origins of congenital heart disease and potential future therapies. Front Matter....Pages i-xii Front Matter....Pages 1-2 Reprogramming Approaches to Cardiovascular Disease: From Developmental Biology to Regenerative Medicine....Pages 3-10 The Arterial Epicardium: A Developmental Approach to Cardiac Disease and Repair....Pages 11-18 Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering for Heart Failure....Pages 19-24 Future Treatment of Heart Failure Using Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes....Pages 25-31 Congenital Heart Disease: In Search of Remedial Etiologies....Pages 33-45 Front Matter....Pages 47-48 Left-Right Asymmetry and Human Heterotaxy Syndrome....Pages 49-56 Roles of Motile and Immotile Cilia in Left-Right Symmetry Breaking....Pages 57-65 Role of Cilia and Left-Right Patterning in Congenital Heart Disease....Pages 67-79 Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Patients with Heterotaxy/Polysplenia Syndrome....Pages 81-82 Front Matter....Pages 83-84 Single-Cell Expression Analyses of Embryonic Cardiac Progenitor Cells....Pages 85-91 Meis1 Regulates Postnatal Cardiomyocyte Cell Cycle Arrest....Pages 93-101 Intercellular Signaling in Cardiac Development and Disease: The NOTCH pathway....Pages 103-114 The Epicardium in Ventricular Septation During Evolution and Development....Pages 115-123 S1P-S1p2 Signaling in Cardiac Precursor Cells Migration....Pages 125-126 Myogenic Progenitor Cell Differentiation Is Dependent on Modulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis through Autophagy....Pages 127-128 The Role of the Thyroid in the Developing Heart....Pages 129-130 Front Matter....Pages 131-133 Atrioventricular Valve Abnormalities: From Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Morphogenesis to Clinical Perspective....Pages 135-143 Molecular Mechanisms of Heart Valve Development and Disease....Pages 145-151 A Novel Role for Endocardium in Perinatal Valve Development: Lessons Learned from Tissue-Specific Gene Deletion of the Tie1 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase....Pages 153-160 The Role of the Epicardium in the Formation of the Cardiac Valves in the Mouse....Pages 161-167 Front Matter....Pages 131-133 TMEM100: A Novel Intracellular Transmembrane Protein Essential for Vascular Development and Cardiac Morphogenesis....Pages 169-170 The Role of Cell Autonomous Signaling by BMP in Endocardial Cushion Cells in AV Valvuloseptal Morphogenesis....Pages 171-173 Front Matter....Pages 175-176 Properties of Cardiac Progenitor Cells in the Second Heart Field....Pages 177-182 Nodal Signaling and Congenital Heart Defects....Pages 183-192 Utilizing Zebrafish to Understand Second Heart Field Development....Pages 193-199 A History and Interaction of Outflow Progenitor Cells Implicated in “Takao Syndrome”....Pages 201-209 The Loss of Foxc2 Expression in the Outflow Tract Links the Interrupted Arch in the Conditional Foxc2 Knockout Mouse....Pages 211-213 Modification of Cardiac Phenotype in Tbx1 Hypomorphic Mice....Pages 215-217 Front Matter....Pages 219-220 Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Vascular Development and Disease....Pages 221-226 The “Cardiac Neural Crest” Concept Revisited....Pages 227-232 Roles of Endothelial Hrt Genes for Vascular Development....Pages 233-235 Inositol Trisphosphate Receptors in the Vascular Development....Pages 237-239 Tissue Remodeling in Vascular Wall in Kawasaki Disease-Related Vasculitis Model Mice....Pages 241-242 Front Matter....Pages 243-244 Progerin Expression during Normal Closure of the Human Ductus Arteriosus: A Case of Premature Ageing?....Pages 245-251 The Multiple Roles of Prostaglandin E2 in the Regulation of the Ductus Arteriosus....Pages 253-258 Developmental Differences in the Maturation of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and Contractile Proteins in Large Blood Vessels Influence Their Contractility....Pages 259-261 Fetal and Neonatal Ductus Arteriosus Is Regulated with ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel....Pages 263-265 Front Matter....Pages 267-268 Regulation of Vertebrate Conduction System Development....Pages 269-280 Cardiac Pacemaker Development from a Tertiary Heart Field....Pages 281-288 Endothelin Receptor Type A-Expressing Cell Population in the Inflow Tract Contributes to Chamber Formation....Pages 289-290 Front Matter....Pages 267-268 Specific Isolation of HCN4-Positive Cardiac Pacemaking Cells Derived from Embryonic Stem Cells....Pages 291-292 Front Matter....Pages 293-294 Combinatorial Functions of Transcription Factors and Epigenetic Factors in Heart Development and Disease....Pages 295-303 Pcgf5 Contributes to PRC1 (Polycomb Repressive Complex 1) in Developing Cardiac Cells....Pages 305-312 Noncoding RNAs in Cardiovascular Disease....Pages 313-317 Front Matter....Pages 319-320 Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Model Congenital Heart Disease....Pages 321-327 Engineered Cardiac Tissues Generated from Immature Cardiac and Stem Cell-Derived Cells: Multiple Approaches and Outcomes....Pages 329-336 Dissecting the Left Heart Hypoplasia by Pluripotent Stem Cells....Pages 337-339 Lentiviral Gene Transfer to iPS Cells: Toward the Cardiomyocyte Differentiation of Pompe Disease-Specific iPS Cells....Pages 341-343 Molecular Analysis of Long-Term Cultured Cardiac Stem Cells for Cardiac Regeneration....Pages 345-347 Minor Contribution of Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Neonatal Heart Regeneration....Pages 349-351 Front Matter....Pages 353-354 Genetic Discovery for Congenital Heart Defects....Pages 355-360 Evidence That Deletion of ETS-1, a Gene in the Jacobsen Syndrome (11q-) Cardiac Critical Region, Causes Congenital Heart Defects through Impaired Cardiac Neural Crest Cell Function....Pages 361-369 Notch Signaling in Aortic Valve Development and Disease....Pages 371-376 To Detect and Explore Mechanism of CITED2 Mutation and Methylation in Children with Congenital Heart Disease....Pages 377-378 Back Matter....Pages 379-383 This book takes a look at fully automated, autonomous vehicles and discusses many open questions: How can autonomous vehicles be integrated into the current transportation system with diverse users and human drivers? Where do automated vehicles fall under current legal frameworks? What risks are associated with automation and how will society respond to these risks? How will the marketplace react to automated vehicles and what changes may be necessary for companies? Experts from Germany and the United States define key societal, engineering, and mobility issues related to the automation of vehicles. They discuss the decisions programmers of automated vehicles must make to enable vehicles to perceive their environment, interact with other road users, and choose actions that may have ethical consequences. The authors further identify expectations and concerns that will form the basis for individual and societal acceptance of autonomous driving. While the safety benefits of such vehicles are tremendous, the authors demonstrate that these benefits will only be achieved if vehicles have an appropriate safety concept at the heart of their design. Realizing the potential of automated vehicles to reorganize traffic and transform mobility of people and goods requires similar care in the design of vehicles and networks. By covering all of these topics, the book aims to provide a current, comprehensive, and scientifically sound treatment of the emerging field of "autonomous driving."