Ethnic Journalism in the Global South (Palgrave Studies in Journalism and the Global South)

This book focuses on ethnic journalism in the Global South, approaching it from two angles: as a professional area and as a social mission. The book discusses journalistic practices and ethnic media in the Global South, managerial and editorial strategies of ethnic media outlets, their content specifics, target audience, distribution channels, main challenges and trends of development in the digital age. Anna Gladkova is Leading Researcher and Director of International Affairs Office at the Faculty of Journalism, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, where she conducts research on ethnic media and digital inequalities. She is co-vice chair of the Digital Divide Working Group (IAMCR). Sadia Jamil is a post-doctoral fellow at Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, Khalifa University, United Arab Emirates. She holds postgraduate degrees in Media Management and Mass Communication from the University of Stirling, Scotland, and University of Karachi, Pakistan Contents 6 Notes on Contributors 9 List of Figures 12 Chapter 1: Introduction 13 References 19 Chapter 2: Ethnic Journalism: Theoretical Context 21 Introduction 21 Concepts of Ethnic Journalism and Ethnic News Media 22 Comparing Ethnic Media with Other Types of Media 24 The Roles of Ethnic News Media 27 Ethnic News Media Contributes to Social Processes 28 Ethnic News Media as a Mobilizer 28 Ethnic News Media as the Facilitator of Social Change 28 Ethnic News Media as the Transformer of Media Ecologies and Market 29 Conclusion 29 References 30 Chapter 3: Journalism Education and Ethnic Journalism in Ghana: The Case Study of Ghana Institute of Journalism and University of Education, Winneba 34 Introduction 34 The History and Landscape of Ethnic Media in Ghana 37 Perspectives on Journalism Education and Ethnic Journalism in Ghana 39 Ethnic Journalism and Its Relevance in Ghana 42 Materials and Methods 44 Findings and Discussion 46 Relevance of Ethnic Journalism in Ghana 46 Teaching of Ethnic Journalism in Ghana 48 Modification of Existing Journalism Education 51 Conclusion and Future Research Directions 54 References 55 Chapter 4: Mapping Ethnic Media in Egypt: An Examination of Counter-Publics, Reality, and Challenges 59 Introduction 59 Counter-Public Sphere and Ethnic Media 61 Mapping Ethnic Media in Egypt 63 Challenges of Ethnic Media in Egypt 66 State Dominance and Centralization 66 Economy 67 Ethnic Journalists and Producers 68 Conclusion 71 References 73 Chapter 5: Ethnic Journalism in Russia: Between Profession and Social Mission 76 Ethnic Journalism and Its Social Mission 76 Ethnic Media and the State 80 Ethnic Media Systems in the National Republics of Russia 86 Ethnic Journalists and Their Work: Insights from a Series of Expert Interviews 90 Conclusion 93 References 94 Chapter 6: ‘Misafir Media’: Domopolitics and Securitization of Displaced Syrian Ethnic Groups 99 Introduction 100 Conceptual Background 101 Theoretical Framework: Securitization, Domopolitics and Ethnic Media 104 Method 109 Data Collection and Data Analysis 109 Findings 110 France—Le Figaro 110 United States—The USA Today 111 UK—The Metro 112 Turkey—Hurriyet 113 Conclusion 113 References 116 Chapter 7: “Aquí no hay negros”: Policies of Invisibilisation and the Impact on Afro-Descendent Media in Argentina 121 Where Ethnic Minority Media, Social Exclusion and Ethnic Erasure Meet 123 The Birth of Structural Invisibilisation and the Afro-Porteño Press 127 Consolidating Invisibility 132 Maintaining the Status Quo 137 The Argentinian Paradox 142 References 142 Chapter 8: Safeguarding Ethnic-cultural Identities through Ethnic Media: The Case of Radio Dhimsa in Odisha, India 148 Introduction 148 Community Radio and Ethnic Media in India: Background and Current Status 149 On the ‘What’ & ‘Why’ of Ethnic Media 150 Studying Radio Dhimsa as Ethnic Media: Methods and Motivations 153 Conclusion 159 References 160 Chapter 9: A “Place for Our Small Problems”: Online Ethnic Media of the Turks in/from Bulgaria 162 Introduction 162 Conceptual Contours: The Boundaries of Representation 164 Case Studies 167 Regional News and the Genius Loci 169 Negotiating Ethnic Minorities’ Portrayals 171 Building a Transnational Community 172 Concluding Remarks 173 References 174 Chapter 10: Ethnic Journalism as a Social Mission: An Exploration of Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation’s (ZBC) National FM Radio Station 178 Introduction 178 Locating Ethnic Journalism in a Global Context 179 A Brief Survey of Ethnic Minorities 181 Ethnic Media and Cementing of Ethnic Bonds 182 Social Identity and Social Responsibility Theories 185 Explaining the Research Process 187 Discussion 190 Understanding Ethnic Journalism in Zimbabwe 190 Traditional Functions of Media in the Context of Ethnic Journalism in Zimbabwe 192 National FM’s Role in Shaping Culture and Identity of Ethnic Groups in Zimbabwe 194 Ethnic Journalism for Community Development in Zimbabwe 196 Towards the Introduction of Community Radio Stations in Zimbabwe 197 Conclusion 198 References 199 Chapter 11: Māori-Language Journalism in Aotearoa New Zealand: Balancing Cultural Values, Journalistic Norms and the Constraints of the National-Language Revitalisation Agenda 204 Background 205 Ethnic Media in Aotearoa New Zealand 205 The Māori News-Media Funding Model and How This Influences Journalism Practice 206 The Influence of Cultural Values on Newswork 209 Blending the Oral Arts into News Language 213 Oratory and the News 215 Talking About the Dead 216 The Future of Māori-Language Journalism 217 Glossary 218 Further Information 219 References 219 Chapter 12: Ethnic Newsmaking Through Citizen Journalism: Collective Content Production of Syrian Refugees in Turkey 222 Introduction 222 Syrian Ethnic Media in Turkey 224 Interviewing Syrian Ethnic Journalists 227 Findings 229 Bias in Mainstream Representation of Refugees and the Need for Ethnic Media 229 Information-Seeking Practices Among Syrian Refugees 232 Role of Ethnic Media Against Discrimination 235 Role of Ethnic Media for Integration 236 The Role of ICTs in Ethnic Media 237 Conclusion 239 Appendix 1: Interview Guide 240 Age: 240 References 242 Chapter 13: Afro-Brazilian Journalism in Alternative Media: A Study of Alma Preta 245 Introduction 245 A Short Overview of Afro-Brazilian Press 248 Alma Preta and the Coverage of the Arrest of DJ Rennan da Penha 252 Racism and Counterhegemony in the Rhetorics of Journalism 255 Conclusion 258 References 259 Chapter 14: Understanding Ethnic Journalism in an Extinguishing Print News Media Landscape: Japanese-Language Newspapers in Brazil 261 A De-Westernized Perspective to Analyze Ethnic Journalism in the Global South 261 Ethnic Journalism and the Japanese Diaspora in Brazil 264 Birth and Death of Print Newspaper São Paulo Shimbun 268 Conclusion 274 References 276 Chapter 15: ‘Here’ and ‘Back Home’: Imagining Diasporic Connections Through Aotearoa New Zealand’s Pacific News Media 280 Introduction 280 The Aotearoa New Zealand Context 281 Theory 283 Methodology 284 Locating Place: ‘Homeland’, ‘Here’ and Further Afield 285 Community Connection, Rather Than ‘News from Home’ 289 Conclusion 291 References 292 Chapter 16: Ethnic Media and Racism in Brazil: The Case of Black Nation TV 295 Introduction 295 Public Sphere and Ethnic Media 299 TV Nação Preta (Black Nation TV) 305 Conclusion 313 References 314 Websites 316 Index 318