Ethics and the Conduct of Business -- Books a la Carte

Cover Title Page Copyright Page Brief Contents Contents Preface Acknowledgments About the Authors 1 Ethics in the World of Business Case: Merck and the Marketing of Vioxx 1.1: Business Decision Making 1.1.1: Nature of Business 1.1.2: Levels of Decision Making 1.2: Ethics, Economics, and Law 1.2.1: Ethics and Economics 1.2.2: Ethics and Law 1.3: Ethics and Management 1.3.1: Ethical Management and Management of Ethics 1.3.2: Ethics and the Manager’s Role 1.4: Ethics in Organizations 1.4.1: Individual Decision Making 1.4.2: Organizational Decision Making Conclusion: Ethics in the World of Business Case: A Sticky Situation Case: Beech-Nut’s Bogus Apple Juice Case: Ethical Uncertainty at Bath Iron Works Case: A Faked Résumé at Yahoo 2 Ethical Decision Making Case: HP and the Smart Chip 2.1: Market Ethics 2.1.1: The Market System 2.1.2: Ethics in Markets 2.1.3: Breaches and Fraud 2.1.4: Wrongful Harm 2.1.5: Market Failure 2.1.6: Summary of Market Ethics 2.2: Roles, Relationships, and Firms 2.2.1: Agents and Principals 2.2.2: Fiduciaries and Professionals 2.2.3: Firms 2.2.4: Summary of Roles, Relationships, and Firms 2.3: Ethical Reasoning 2.3.1: Philosophical Accounts 2.3.2: Psychological Accounts 2.3.3: Framework for Reasoning Conclusion: Ethical Decision Making Case: Lavish Pay at Harvard Case: Broken Trust at Bankers Trust Case: KPMG’s Tax Shelter Business 3 Ethical Theories Case: Big Brother at Procter & Gamble 3.1: Utilitarianism 3.1.1: Principle of Utility 3.1.2: Cost–Benefit Analysis 3.2: Kantian Ethics 3.2.1: Universalizability 3.2.2: Respect for Persons 3.3: Virtue Ethics 3.3.1: What Is Virtue? 3.3.2: Defending the Virtues 3.3.3: Virtue in Business 3.4: Rights 3.4.1: Meaning of Rights 3.4.2: Kinds of Rights 3.5: Justice 3.5.1: Nature and Value of Justice 3.5.2: Aristotle on Distributive Justice 3.5.3: Rawls’s Egalitarian Theory 3.5.4: Nozick’s Entitlement Theory Conclusion: Ethical Theories Case: Exporting Pollution Case: Clean Hands in a Dirty Business Case: Conflict of an Insurance Broker Case: An Auditor’s Dilemma 4 Whistle-Blowing Case: Time’s Persons of the Year 4.1: What Is Whistle-Blowing? 4.2: Justification of Whistle-Blowing 4.2.1: Loyal Agent Argument 4.2.2: Meaning of Loyalty 4.2.3: Conditions for Justification 4.3: Right to Blow the Whistle 4.3.1: Existing Legal Protection 4.3.2: Arguments against Protection 4.3.3: Arguments for Protection 4.4: Developing a Policy 4.4.1: Benefits and Dangers 4.4.2: Components of a Policy Conclusion: Whistle-Blowing Case: A Whistle-Blower Accepts a “Deal” Case: A Whistle-Blower’s Quandary Case: Who’s a Whistle-Blower? 5 Business Information and Conflict of Interest Case: Barbie vs. the Bratz Girls 5.1: Confidential Information 5.1.1: Duty of Confidentiality 5.1.2: Competitive Employment 5.1.3: Impact of Restrictions 5.2: Proprietary Information 5.2.1: Intellectual Property 5.2.2: Defining Trade Secrets 5.2.3: Property Rights Argument 5.2.4: Fair Competition Argument 5.2.5: Competitor Intelligence 5.3: Conflict of Interest 5.3.1: Defining Conflict of Interest 5.3.2: Some Relevant Distinctions 5.3.3: Kinds of Conflict of Interest 5.3.4: Managing Conflict of Interest Conclusion: Business Information and Conflict of Interest Case: The Aggressive Ad Agency Case: Procter & Gamble Goes Dumpster Diving Case: A Conflict-Laden Deal 6 Privacy Case: Psychological Testing at Dayton Hudson 6.1: Challenges to Privacy 6.1.1: Privacy in the Workplace 6.1.2: Privacy in the Marketplace 6.2: Meaning and Value of Privacy 6.2.1: History of the Concept 6.2.2: Defining Privacy 6.2.3: Utilitarian Arguments 6.2.4: Kantian Arguments 6.3: Privacy Away from Work 6.3.1: Justifying Monitoring 6.3.2: Limits to Monitoring 6.4: Privacy of Employee Records 6.4.1: Ethical Issues with Records 6.4.2: Justifying a Purpose 6.4.3: Disclosure to Outsiders 6.4.4: Gathering Information 6.4.5: Accuracy, Completeness, and Access 6.5: Big Data Analytics 6.5.1: Data Collection 6.5.2: Ethical Issues with Big Data 6.6: Using the Internet 6.6.1: Information Collection 6.6.2: Ethical Issues with Internet Use 6.6.3: Protecting Privacy Conclusion: Privacy Case: Privacy of Text Messages Case: Plugging Leaks at HP Case: Information Handling at ChoicePoint 7 Discrimination and Affirmative Action Case: Race Discrimination at Texaco 7.1: What Is Discrimination? 7.1.1: Civil Rights Act of 1964 7.1.2: Disparate Treatment/Impact 7.1.3: Forms of Discrimination 7.2: Sexual Harassment 7.2.1: Defining Sexual Harassment 7.2.2: Forms of Sexual Harassment 7.2.3: Further Issues 7.3: Objections to Discrimination 7.4: Preventing Discrimination 7.4.1: Analysis, Recruitment, and Assessment 7.4.2: Objective Tests 7.4.3: Subjective Evaluations 7.4.4: Sexual Harassment Programs 7.5: Affirmative Action 7.5.1: Affirmative Action Plans 7.5.2: Court Actions on Plans 7.5.3: Compensation Argument 7.5.4: Equality Arguments 7.5.5: Utilitarian Arguments 7.5.6: Problems with Affirmative Action Conclusion: Discrimination and Affirmative Action Case: Jacksonville Shipyards Case: Sex Discrimination at Walmart 8 Employment Rights Case: The Firing of Robert Greeley 8.1: Employment at Will 8.1.1: Property Rights Argument 8.1.2: Freedom of Contract Argument 8.1.3: Efficiency Argument 8.1.4: Exceptions 8.2: Right to Due Process 8.2.1: Support for Due Process 8.2.2: Law of Due Process 8.3: Freedom of Expression 8.3.1: Defining Freedom of Expression 8.3.2: Legal Protection for Expression 8.3.3: Arguments over Expression 8.4: Workplace Democracy 8.4.1: Participation and Democracy 8.4.2: Arguments for Democracy 8.5: Worker Compensation 8.5.1: Setting Wages 8.5.2: Market Outcomes 8.5.3: Minimum Wage 8.6: Executive Compensation 8.6.1: Criticism of CEO Pay 8.6.2: Justifying CEO Pay 8.6.3: Problems with Justification Conclusion: Employment Rights Case: Fired for Blogging at Google Case: Worker Participation at Saturn Case: Health Benefits at Walmart 9 Health and Safety Case: The Ford–Firestone Brawl 9.1: Rights in the Workplace 9.1.1: Meaning of Health and Safety 9.1.2: Protecting Health and Safety 9.2: Hazardous Work 9.2.1: Justifying a Right to Refuse 9.2.2: Justifying a Right to Know 9.3: Reproductive Hazards 9.3.1: Scientific Background 9.3.2: Fetal Protection Policies 9.3.3: Charge of Discrimination 9.3.4: Defending against the Charge 9.3.5: Remaining Issues 9.4: Product Safety 9.4.1: Due Care Theory 9.4.2: Contractual Theory 9.4.3: Strict Liability Theory Conclusion: Health and Safety Case: Genetic Testing at Burlington Northern Case: Johnson Controls, Inc. Case: The Collapsing Crib 10 Marketing and Advertising Case: Selling Hope 10.1: Marketing Ethics Framework 10.2: Sales Practices and Labeling 10.2.1: Deception and Manipulation 10.2.2: Information Disclosure 10.2.3: Labeling 10.3: Pricing and Distribution 10.3.1: Anticompetitive Pricing 10.3.2: Unfair Pricing 10.3.3: Distribution 10.4: Development and Research 10.4.1: Product Development 10.4.2: Marketing Research 10.5: Deceptive Advertising 10.5.1: Defining Deceptive Advertising 10.5.2: Applying the Definition 10.6: Irrational Persuasion 10.6.1: Threats to Free Choice 10.6.2: Dependence Effect 10.7: Impact of Advertising 10.7.1: Impact on Persons 10.7.2: Impact on Society 10.8: Internet Advertising 10.8.1: Online Placement 10.8.2: Ethics of Placement 10.9: Social Advertising Conclusion: Marketing and Advertising Case: McCormick’s Pricing Strategy Case: Capital One’s Online Profiles Case: Herbalife: A Pyramid Scheme? 11 Ethics in Finance Case: Goldman Sachs and the Abacus Deal 11.1: Financial Services 11.1.1: Deception 11.1.2: Churning 11.1.3: Suitability 11.2: Financial Markets 11.2.1: Fairness in Markets 11.2.2: Derivatives and HFT 11.3: Insider Trading 11.3.1: Theories of Insider Trading 11.3.2: Evaluation of the Two Theories 11.3.3: Recent Insider Trading Cases 11.4: Hostile Takeovers 11.4.1: Market for Corporate Control 11.4.2: Takeover Tactics 11.4.3: Role of Directors Conclusion: Ethics in Finance Case: SCM Mutual Funds Case: Merrill Lynch and the Nigerian Barge Deal Case: Martha Stewart: Inside Trader? Case: Oracle’s Hostile Bid for PeopleSoft 12 Corporate Social Responsibility Case: Competing Visions at Malden Mills 12.1: The CSR Debate 12.1.1: Meaning of CSR 12.1.2: Examples of CSR 12.1.3: Related Concepts 12.2: Normative Case for CSR 12.2.1: Classical View 12.2.2: Friedman on CSR 12.3: Business Case for CSR 12.3.1: The Market for Virtue 12.3.2: Competitive Advantage 12.4: Implementing CSR 12.4.1: Program Selection and Design 12.4.2: Reporting and Accountability 12.5: Business with a Mission 12.5.1: Social Enterprise 12.5.2: Competing Successfully 12.5.3: Mission and Trust Conclusion: Corporate Social Responsibility Case: Starbucks and Fair Trade Coffee Case: Timberland and Community Service Case: Coca-Cola’s Water Use in India 13 Governance, Accountability, and Compliance Case: Fraud at WorldCom 13.1: Corporate Governance 13.1.1: Shareholder Control 13.1.2: The Shareholders’ Contract 13.1.3: Shareholders and Stakeholders 13.2: Corporate Accountability 13.2.1: Financial Reporting 13.2.2: Executives and Directors 13.2.3: Criminal Prosecution 13.3: Corporate Compliance 13.3.1: Program Components 13.3.2: Program Benefits 13.3.3: Federal Sentencing Guidelines 13.3.4: Codes of Ethics Conclusion: Governance, Accountability, and Compliance Case: Sears Auto Centers Case: Shareholder Rights at Cracker Barrel Case: The Sale of Trans Union 14 International Business Ethics Case: Mattel’s Toy Woes 14.1: Different Standards 14.1.1: Relevant Differences 14.1.2: Variety of Outlooks 14.1.3: Right to Decide 14.1.4: Business Necessity 14.2: Guidelines for Multinationals 14.2.1: Rights 14.2.2: Welfare 14.2.3: Justice 14.2.4: International Codes 14.3: Wages and Working Conditions 14.3.1: Setting Wages 14.3.2: Working Conditions 14.4: Foreign Bribery 14.4.1: What Is Bribery? 14.4.2: What’s Wrong with Bribery? 14.4.3: Combating Bribery 14.5: Human Rights Abuses 14.5.1: Constructive Engagement 14.5.2: Liability for Abuses Conclusion: International Business Ethics Case: H. B. Fuller in Honduras Case: Walmart in Mexico Case: Google in China References Credits Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z