Ethical Dilemmas of Migration: Moral Challenges for Policymakers (Public Administration, Governance and Globalization, 5)

Annotation This book discusses the ethical dilemmas of migration in the era of globalization. Centered on the recent influx of large numbers of migrants and refugees to the United States and Europe and viewed through the lens of the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit and the United Nations Summit on Refugees and Migrants, this book focuses on the problems posed by globalized migration and analyzes proposed responses. Using prominent ethical theories and moral principles, such as Utilitarianism, duty, justice, and integrity, the book proposes a framework for analyzing decision-making by migrants and policymakers and formulating equitable policies to address the migration crisis. Drawing attention to the ethical dilemmas that migrants and policymakers experience, this book fills a gap in the literature and enriches it, adding to the economic, political, and human rights issues that are traditionally part of the migration discussion. Appropriate for students and scholars of ethics, policy, and political science, this book is also meant to be of use to practitioners and decision-makers faced with similar decisions Acknowledgments 7 Introduction 8 Abbreviations 9 Contents 11 About the Author 14 Chapter 1: History and Development of Migration Challenges 15 Voluntary and Forced Migration, Refugees and Migrants 15 Brief History of Global Migration 17 Current Patterns of International Migration 20 Development and Migration 25 Chapter 2: The Globalization of the Migration Problem 26 Globalization 27 The New Economics of Globalization 27 The Impacts of Globalization 28 Brain Drain and Its Consequences 29 Globalization and Migration 31 The Politicization of Migration 33 How and Why Countries Politicize Migration 33 The Impact of Immigration on Politics in the EU 35 The Impact of Immigration on Politics in the US 36 Global Governance 37 The Global Governance of Migration 37 The World Humanitarian Summit 2016 38 United Nations Summit on Refugees and Migrants 2016 39 Chapter 3: The European Migrant and Refugee Crisis 41 Migrants or Refugees? 43 The Refugees’ Invasion of Europe 45 Where Should the Refugees Go? 49 Positive Impacts of the Refugees in Europe 52 Negative Impacts of the Refugees in Europe 53 Chapter 4: Policy Initiatives in Europe to Address the Problem of Refugees and Migrants 57 Providing Funds to Be Used for Refugees’ Control 58 Building Fences 60 Improving the Conditions Existing in the Migrants and Refugees Camps 62 Looking at the MENA Area’s Role as Hosts and Transit Countries 63 Pressuring the Persian Gulf Countries to Play a Larger Role in Solving the Issue 65 Promoting Economic and Political Stability in Migrants’ Countries 67 Facilitating the Return of Migrants 68 Chapter 5: How the United States Cope with the Challenge of Immigration 71 History of Immigration Policy in the US 73 The Cuban Migrants 76 Can the US Borders Be Controlled? 78 Who Profit from Immigration? 81 Chapter 6: Policy Initiatives in the US to Address the Problem of Refugees and Migrants 84 Improving the Economic Conditions of Countries of Origin 85 Temporary Protected Status (TPS) 87 Deportation 90 Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) 93 At the Local Level: Sanctuary Cities 95 New Policies Proposed by President Donald J. Trump 96 Building a Wall in the US-Mexico Border 97 A Ban on Admitting Muslims to the US 99 Separating Families to Combat Illegal Immigration 102 The Battle in Congress and in the Courts Over Immigration Policies 103 Chapter 7: Ethical Theories and Moral Principles that Apply to the Migration Problem 106 Utilitarianism 107 The Theory 107 Utilitarianism and Migration 109 Refugees and Migrants 109 Limitations and Issues Within the Theory 110 Motives and Intentions in Utilitarianism 110 Utilitarianism and Moral Obligation 111 Virtue Ethics 111 The Theory 111 Virtue Ethics and Moral Obligation 113 Virtue Ethics and Migration 113 Deontology/Duty Ethics 114 The Theory 114 Duty Ethics and Migration 115 Limitations and Issues Within the Theory 117 Chapter 8: The Impact of Ethical Policy Reform and Moral Solutions for Solving the Problem 118 The Role of Ethics and Morality in Sustainable Immigration Reform 118 The Benefits of Ethical Immigration Policies for the US and the EU 122 Ethical Policy Recommendations for the US 122 Ethical Policy Recommendations for the EU 125 Summing Up 135 References 140 Front Matter ....Pages i-xvii History and Development of Migration Challenges (Jean-Claude Garcia-Zamor)....Pages 1-11 The Globalization of the Migration Problem (Jean-Claude Garcia-Zamor)....Pages 13-27 The European Migrant and Refugee Crisis (Jean-Claude Garcia-Zamor)....Pages 29-44 Policy Initiatives in Europe to Address the Problem of Refugees and Migrants (Jean-Claude Garcia-Zamor)....Pages 45-58 How the United States Cope with the Challenge of Immigration (Jean-Claude Garcia-Zamor)....Pages 59-71 Policy Initiatives in the US to Address the Problem of Refugees and Migrants (Jean-Claude Garcia-Zamor)....Pages 73-94 Ethical Theories and Moral Principles that Apply to the Migration Problem (Jean-Claude Garcia-Zamor)....Pages 95-106 The Impact of Ethical Policy Reform and Moral Solutions for Solving the Problem (Jean-Claude Garcia-Zamor)....Pages 107-123 Back Matter ....Pages 125-141