Estonian Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science (Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science Book 219)

The development of geography also forms an interesting chapter in the history of the University ofTartu and in that of Estonian science in general. On the one hand, geography is a natural science in the broader sense ofthe word, on the other hand it is a study of human activity. This status of geography makes it particularly sensitive to the cultural and political circumstances under which scholarship and science have developed in Estonia. The article by Professor of Human Geography Ott Kurs (born 1939) and historian of science (PhD in geography) Erki Tamrniksaar (born 1969) "In Political Draughts Between Science and the Humanities: Geography at the University ofTartu Between the th th 17 -20 Centuries" is devoted to this topic. Among other things, the article states that regular instruction in geography started at the University of Tartu in 1826, when the second chair of geography in Europe was established here. Although the present book does not contain any studies on philosophy at th Tartu University in the 19 century, I would still like to mention two names. th In the early 19 century, I. Kant's philosophy was dominant at Tartu Uni­ versity. One of Kant's pupils, Gottlob Benjamin Jasche (1762-1839), who had worked under him as a Privatdozent in Konigsberg, served as a professor here from 1802-1839. In the history of philosophy he is primarily known as the publisher of Kant's Logic. Front Matter....Pages i-xiv Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Newton’s Principia in the Curricula of the University of Tartu (Dorpat) in the Early 1690s....Pages 3-18 A University Between two Cultures....Pages 19-34 The Emergence of Physical Chemistry....Pages 35-50 In Political Draughts Between Science and the Humanities....Pages 51-62 Formation of R&D Policy in a Small Country in a Changing World....Pages 63-76 Science and Society—Faculties Close or Apart?....Pages 77-88 Front Matter....Pages 89-89 Some Fundamental Criteria of the Scientific Method and the Internal Structure of Science....Pages 91-110 The Glory and Misery of Modern Science....Pages 111-122 Edmund Husserl pursuing the paths of descartes....Pages 123-138 Herman Boerhaave — Communis Europae Praeceptor ....Pages 139-150 The Problem of the Relationship Between Human and Physical Realities in Ilya Prigogine’s Paradigm of Self-Organisation....Pages 151-164 Science and Magic: Causality....Pages 165-178 Symmetry and Rationality....Pages 179-184 Chemistry as an Interesting Subject for the Philosophy of Science....Pages 185-200 Front Matter....Pages 201-201 Physical Reality, Theoretical Physics, and Mathematics....Pages 203-214 Outsolutions in Physical Theories. Physical Considerations....Pages 215-230 What is Time?....Pages 231-246 The Copenhagen Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics and Common Sense....Pages 247-262 Front Matter....Pages 263-263 Knowledge, Human Interests and Migration Studies....Pages 265-270 Value-Neutral Paternalism....Pages 271-282 Front Matter....Pages 263-263 Inter-Level Explanation and the Category-Mistake....Pages 283-294 On the Raising of a Hand....Pages 295-304 Back Matter....Pages 305-306 The present collection attempts to be an essential step in acquainting the international reader with the Estonian contribution to the philosophy and history of science, including the recent history and policy of science and philosophy in Estonia on its way back to the Western world after the break-up of the Soviet Union. The book comprises mainly new papers. The authors - philosophers and scientists - represent every generation from emeritus professors to young researchers who have already received their education according to international standards and acquired a contemporary way of analytic reasoning and technique of investigation. The primary audience for this volume is: students as well as professionals of philosophy, methodology and logic of science; history of science and science studies; philosophy of mind; medical ethics; history, philosophy and methodology of physics, mathematics, chemistry, geography, medicine, but also those interested in cultural history and recent developments in a small Baltic country