Essentials of WPPSI-IV Assessment (Essentials of Psychological Assessment)

"The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence is one of the most widely used assessments of intelligence for preschoolers and young children for evaluation of learning disability, developmental delay, language delay, intellectual disability, or gifted and talented classification. Essentials of WPPSI-IV provides comprehensive, step-by-step guidelines to administering, scoring, and interpreting the latest edition of this test. This indispensable resource introduces an expanded test structure with uniquely sensitive, age-appropriate additional subtests and composite scores to measure working memory and inhibitory control. Each chapter features numerous callout boxes highlighting key concepts, bulleted points, and extensive illustrative material. "-- Provided by publisher Essentials of WPPSITM-IV Assessment 1 Contents 11 Series Preface 13 Acknowledgments 15 One: Overview 17 HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD ASSESSMENT 18 HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE WPPSI-IV 24 DEVELOPMENT OF THE WPPSI-IV 28 Key Revisions 28 Subtests 29 Composite Scores 37 Test Structure 37 Subtest Composition of Published Composite Scores 40 Additional Index Scores in This Book and on the Accompanying CD 41 VALIDITY 42 Factor Analytic Studies 42 Relation to WPPSI-III 43 STANDARDIZATION AND PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES 47 Reliability 47 Loadings on the General Factor 47 Subtest Specificities 51 COMPREHENSIVE TEST REFERENCES 53 REFERENCES 56 Two: WPPSI-IV Administration 61 TEST MATERIALS 61 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 63 ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAINING RAPPORT WITH VERY YOUNG CHILDREN 64 STANDARD SUBTEST ADMINISTRATION ORDER 66 SELECTION OF SUBTESTS 67 SUITABILITY AND FAIRNESS 69 Assessing Children at the Extremes of the Age Range 69 Assessing Children With Special Needs 71 START POINTS, REVERSE RULES, AND DISCONTINUE RULES 73 Start Points 73 Reverse Rules 75 Discontinue Rules 75 TIMING 78 DEMONSTRATION, SAMPLE, AND TEACHING ITEMS 79 REPETITIONS, PROMPTS, AND QUERIES 80 Repetitions 80 Prompts 80 Queries 81 RECORDING RESPONSES 81 SUBTEST-BY-SUBTEST ADMINISTRATION 83 Verbal Comprehension Subtests 83 Visual Spatial Subtests 94 Fluid Reasoning Subtests 98 Working Memory Subtests 102 Processing Speed Subtests 106 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS: SUBTEST ADMINISTRATION 112 REFERENCES 119 Three: WPPSI-IV Scoring 121 SCORING SUBTESTS 121 Verbal Comprehension Subtests 122 Visual Spatial Subtests 130 Fluid Reasoning Subtests 132 Working Memory Subtests 133 Processing Speed Subtests 134 WPPSI-IV SCORES 137 Item Scores 137 Total Raw Scores 138 Standard Scores 138 STEP-BY-STEP: WPPSI-IV SUBTEST AND COMPOSITE SCORES 139 Obtain Total Raw Scores 139 Obtain Scaled Scores 139 Obtain Sums of Scaled Scores 142 Obtain Composite Scores 149 USING THE WPPSI-IV SCORING ASSISTANT 150 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS: SCORING 155 REFERENCES 162 Four: WPPSI-IV Score Analysis and Interpretation 163 UNDERSTANDING THE COMPOSITE SCORES 163 Global Composite Scores 164 Specific Composite Scores 167 Additional Index Scores in This Book 170 STEP-BY-STEP WPPSI-IV SCORE ANALYSIS TO INFORM INTERPRETATION 174 Step 1a. Select the Appropriate Global Composite Score to Describe Overall Intellectual Ability 175 Step 1b. Report and Describe the Global Composite Score 178 Step 2a. Report and Describe the Cognitive Proficiency Index for Ages 4:0 to 7:7 (Perform Step 2 Only If the General Ability Index Was Selected as the Global Score; Otherwise, Proceed to Step 3) 180 Step 2b. If the General Ability Index Was Selected as the Global Score, Evaluate Pairwise Discrepancy Comparisons With the Full Scale IQ (2:6 to 7:7) and the Cognitive Proficiency Index (4:0 to 7:7 Only) 180 Step 3a. Select the Index Scores (Specific Composite Scores) 181 Step 3b. Report and Describe the Index Scores 182 Step 4. Report and Describe the Subtest Scaled Scores 183 Step 5a. Select the Index-Level Strengths and Weaknesses Comparison Score 184 Step 5b. Evaluate Index-Level Strengths and Weaknesses Comparisons 187 Step 6a. Select the Subtest-Level Strengths and Weaknesses Comparison Score(s) 189 Step 6b. Evaluate Subtest-Level Strengths and Weaknesses 193 Step 7. Evaluate Index-Level Pairwise Comparisons 193 Step 8. Evaluate Subtest- and Process-Level Pairwise Comparisons 198 REFERENCES 202 Five: Strengths and Weaknesses of the WPPSI-IV 205 ASSETS OF THE WPPSI-IV 206 Fairly Easy Administration 206 Better Alignment With Current Wechsler Scales 206 Limitations to Subtest Substitution 207 Clearer Distinction Between the Perceptual Reasoning Subtests—Split Between Visual Spatial and Fluid Reasoning 208 Inclusion of Ancillary Index Scales 208 More Developmentally Appropriate Processing Speed Tests (Bug Search and Animal Coding) 209 New Working Memory Tasks (Picture Memory and Zoo Locations) 209 Efficient Testing Time 210 Something’s Lost and Something’s Gained 210 Generally Easy Scoring 211 Additional Interpretive Information 211 Normative Sample 212 Reliability 213 Evidence of Validity 213 Evidence of Validity With Special Groups 214 Start Points 214 Update of Materials, Artwork, and Record Form 215 Streamlining of Discontinue Rules, Start Points 216 WEAKNESSES 216 Sum of Scaled Scores for Determination of FSIQ 216 Lack of Full Cattell-Horn-Carroll Coverage 217 Core Versus Supplemental Subtests 218 Possible Interpretive Confusion Because of Index Name (Working Memory) 219 Inclusion of Ancillary Scales 220 More Cumbersome Administration With Inclusion of Zoo Locations and Object Assembly 220 Dauber and Template Issues 221 Issues With Subtest Administration and Instructions 222 Determining S andWBased on Only the Core Subtests 226 FINAL COMMENT 226 REFERENCES 228 Six: WPPSI-IV Score Differences Across Demographic Groups 231 INTRODUCTION 231 SCORES BY SEX 233 SCORES BY PARENT EDUCATION LEVEL 235 SCORES BY RACE/ETHNICITY 239 African American Children 241 Hispanic Children 244 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 246 CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF SCORE DIFFERENCES 246 REFERENCES 250 Seven: WPPSI-IV Clinical Applications 253 USE OF THE WPPSI-IV WITH COMMON EARLY CHILDHOOD REFERRAL QUESTIONS 253 Children With Intellectual Giftedness 256 Children With Intellectual Disability 258 Children With Developmental Delay—Cognitive and Developmental Risk Factors 261 Children With Preliteracy Concerns 263 Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Disruptive Behavior 265 Children With Expressive Language Disorder and Mixed Receptive–Expressive Language Disorder 267 Children Who Are English Language Learners 269 Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders 271 COMPARISONS OF THE GENERAL ABILITY INDEX TO THE FULL SCALE IQ AND THE COGNITIVE PROFICIENCY INDEX FOR THE SPECIAL GROUP SAMPLES 273 COMPARISON OF THE WORKING MEMORY INDEX TO THE PROCESSING SPEED INDEX FOR THE SPECIAL GROUP SAMPLES 275 CLINICAL SAMPLES WITH RELATIVELY HIGH OR LOW SCORES ON THE PROCESSING SPEED INDEX 277 ISSUES IN EARLY CHILDHOOD INTELLECTUAL ASSESSMENT 278 REFERENCES 282 Eight: Illustrative Case Reports 285 CASE REPORT: GEORGE R.—INTELLECTUAL GIFTEDNESS AND HIGH ACHIEVEMENT 286 Identifying and Demographic Information 286 Referral Questions 286 Evaluation Methods and Procedures 287 Background and History 288 Mental Status and Behavioral Observations 290 Test Results and Interpretation 292 Summary and Impressions 298 Recommendations 300 CASE REPORT: JANE B.—PRELITERACY CONCERNS 303 Identifying and Demographic Information 303 Referral Questions 303 Evaluation Methods and Procedures 303 Background and History 304 Mental Status and Behavioral Observations 305 Test Results and Interpretation 306 Summary and Impressions 314 Recommendations 316 REFERENCES 321 About the CD-ROM 323 Author Index 327 Subject Index 333

Exploit the full potential of the WPPSI-IV with analysis from multiple perspectives

Essentials of WPPSI-IV Assessment is a comprehensive guide to administering, scoring, and interpreting the latest edition of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, which represents a major revision of the prior edition. Step-by-step guidelines walk readers through the process, and new Behind the Scenes boxes provide unprecedented insight into the new subtests and the test development process. The book highlights common errors and complex aspects so readers can avoid them, and includes illustrative case studies based on data collected during the scale's standardization to assist in proper administration and interpretation. The companion CD provides software that automates score interpretation, and supplies users with tools to enhance WPPSI-IV administration and report writing.

Used to evaluate for learning or intellectual disabilities, developmental or language delays, or gifted and talented classification, the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence is the most widely used assessment of intelligence for young children. Essentials of WPPSI-IV Assessment applies an interpretive approach that allows flexibility in response to the real constraints and challenges inherent in working with children, describing performance in both normative and interpersonal contexts to facilitate interpretive case formulations from multiple theoretical and clinical perspectives. Topics include:

• WPPSI-IV administration and clinical applications
• Scoring, score analysis, and interpretation
• Strengths and weaknesses of the WPPSI-IV
• Differences across demographic groups

The book and accompanying CD also provide alternatives for situations in which published comparison scores may not be available or applicable to a particular child, and supplies composite scores aimed at facilitating WPPSI-IV interpretation from a variety of theoretical approaches. Those who employ the WPPSI-IV must have a thorough grasp of the full potential of the tool, and Essentials of WPPSI-IV Assessment contains the insight and information that allow for deeper understanding.

Essentials of WPPSITM-IV Assessment Quickly acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to expertly administer, score, and interpret the WPPSITM-IV Anyone who assesses young children is familiar with the challenges of obtaining accurate and adequate test data. In Essentials of WPPSITM-IV Assessment , the research directors who developed the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of IntelligenceTM-Fourth Edition offer an insider's perspective on its conceptualization, development, administration, and scoring. The authors' flexible interpretive approach describes performance in both normative and intrapersonal contexts and enables interpretive case formulations from multiple theoretical and clinical perspectives. Designed to help busy practitioners and school psychologists quickly acquire the expertise they need to make optimal use of the WPPSITM-IV, each concise chapter features end-of-chapter test questions and Rapid Reference, Caution, and Don't Forget boxes that are hallmark features of the Essentials series. The authors also include new "Behind the Scenes" boxes that provide unprecedented insight into the test development process. The website provides helpful tools to enhance WPPSITM-IV administration and report writing, interpretive tables, and normative data for a number of index scores not available within the published test. The website also includes the WPPSITM-IV Interpretive Assistant 1.0, a scoring software that calculates norms for the additional index scores and walks the practitioner through the authors' interpretive approach. Other titles in the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series: Essentials of School Neuropsychological Assessment, Second Edition Essentials of WIAT®-III and KTEA-II Assessment Essentials of Processing Assessment, Second Edition Essentials of ADHD Assessment for Children and Adolescents Essentials of Cross-Battery Assessment, Third Edition Visit us on the Web at: www.wiley.com/psychology Essentials of WPPSI-IV Assessment Quickly acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to expertly administer, score, and interpret the WPPSI -IV Anyone who assesses young children is familiar with the challenges of obtaining accurate and adequate test data. In Essentials of WPPSI -IV Assessment , the research directors who developed the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence -Fourth Edition offer an insiders perspective on its conceptualization, development, administration, and scoring. The authors flexible interpretive approach describes performance in both normative and intrapersonal contexts and enables interpretive case formulations from multiple theoretical and clinical perspectives. Designed to help busy practitioners and school psychologists quickly acquire the expertise they need to make optimal use of the WPPSI -IV, each concise chapter features end-of-chapter test questions and Rapid Reference, Caution, and Dont Forget boxes that are hallmark features of the Essentials series. The authors also include new Behind the Scenes boxes that provide unprecedented insight into the test development process. The website provides helpful tools to enhance WPPSI -IV administration and report writing, interpretive tables, and normative data for a number of index scores not available within the published test. The website also includes the WPPSI -IV Interpretive Assistant 1.0, a scoring software that calculates norms for the additional index scores and walks the practitioner through the authors interpretive approach. Other titles in the Essentials of Psychological Assessment Essentials of School Neuropsychological Assessment, Second Edition Essentials of WIAT -III and KTEA-II Assessment Essentials of Processing Assessment, Second Edition Essentials of ADHD Assessment for Children and Adolescents Essentials of Cross-Battery Assessment, Third Edition Visit us on the Web (http://www.wiley.com/psychology) www.wiley.com/psychology Essentials of WPPSI-IV provides comprehensive, step-by-step guidelines to administering, scoring, and interpreting the latest edition of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. This indispensible resource introduces an expanded test structure with additional subtests and composite scores including new uniquely sensitive, age-appropriate subtests to measure working memory and inhibitory control. Each chapter offers valuable advice on clinical applications and features numerous callout boxes highlighting key concepts, bulleted points, and extensive illustrative material, as well as test questions that help you gauge and reinforce your grasp of the information covered. In addition, the Appendix includes checklists, tables, and other supportive material. Ideal for beginning and seasoned clinicians this book Offers an overview of general administration procedures, with an emphasis on those aspects of administration that were identified as more problematic during the scales development. Includes a detailed discussion of administration for each subtest, including suggestions for noting important test behaviors during an assessment. Discusses modifications to item content, administration, and scoring procedures for retained subtests, as well as new subtests and substantial changes to the scales structure. Provides illustrative case studies based on data collected during the scales standardization. This type of information provides highly useful information for ensuring a valid test administration and clinically meaningful interpretation of results, especially for novice users. Includes information that does not appear in the test manual regarding aspects of the childs home environment (e.g., SES related variables) that may be related to test performance. Home environment questionnaire items most critical to interpretation are included in an appendix. "The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence is one of the most widely used assessments of intelligence for preschoolers and young children for evaluation of learning disability, developmental delay, language delay, intellectual disability, or gifted and talented classification. Essentials of WPPSI-IV provides comprehensive, step-by-step guidelines to administering, scoring, and interpreting the latest edition of this test. This indispensable resource introduces an expanded test structure with uniquely sensitive, age-appropriate additional subtests and composite scores to measure working memory and inhibitory control. Each chapter features numerous callout boxes highlighting key concepts, bulleted points, and extensive illustrative material."--Résumé de l'éditeur Series Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii One Overview 1 Two WPPSI-IV Administration 45 Susan Engi Raiford, Diane L. Coalson, and Erik Gallemore Three WPPSI-IV Scoring 105 Susan Engi Raiford, Diane L. Coalson, and Kathleen M. Rollins Four WPPSI-IV Score Analysis and Interpretation 147 Five Strengths and Weaknesses of the WPPSI-IV 189 Ron Dumont and John O. Willis Six WPPSI-IV Score Differences Across Demographic Groups 215 Susan Engi Raiford, Diane L. Coalson, and Mark D. Engi Seven WPPSI-IV Clinical Applications 237 Susan Engi Raiford, Diane L. Coalson, and Stephanie A. Tong Eight Illustrative Case Reports 269 About the CD-ROM 307 Author Index 311 Subject Index 317 Exploit the full potential of the WPPSI-IV with analysis from multiple perspectives Essentials of WPPSI-IV Assessment is a comprehensive guide to administering, scoring, and interpreting the latest edition of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, which represents a major revision of the prior edition. Step-by-step guidelines walk readers through the process, and new Behind the Scenes boxes provide unprecedented insight into the new subtests and the test development process. The book highlights common errors and complex aspects so readers can avoid them, and includes illust