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Leszek Kolakowski’s masterpiece, one of the twentieth century’s most important books―for the first time in a one-volume paperback. Renowned philosopher Leszek Kolakowski was one of the first scholars to reveal both the shortcomings and the dangers posed by communist regimes. He now presents, for the first time in one paperback volume, his definitive Main Currents of Marxism : “A prophetic work,” according to the Library of Congress, that provides “the most lucid and comprehensive history of the origins, structure, and posthumous development of the system of thought that had the greatest impact on the 20th century.” III. MARX'S THOUGHT IN ITS EARLIEST PHASE 1. Early years and studies 2. Hellenistic philosophy as understood by the Hegelians 3. Marx's studies of Epicurus. Freedom and self-consciousness IV. HESS AND FEUERBACH rn8 1. Hess. The philosophy of action rn8 2. Hess. Revolution and freedom 3. Feuerbach and religious alienation 4. Feuerbach's second phase. Sources of the religious fallacy V. MARX'S EARLY POLITICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGS 1. The state and intellectual freedom 2. Criticism of Hegel. The state, society, individuality 3. The idea of social emancipation 4. The discovery of the proletariat VI. THE PARIS MANUSCRIPTS. THE THEORY OF ALIENATED LABOUR. THE YOUNG ENGELS 1. Critique of Hegel. Labour as the foundation of humanity 2. The social and practical character of knowledge 1 3. The alienation of labour. Dehumanized man 4. Critique of Feuerbach 5. Engels's early writings VII. THE HOLY FAMILY 1. Communism as a historical trend. The class-consciousness of the proletariat 2. Progress and the masses 3. The world of needs 4. The tradition of materialism VIII. THE GERMAN IDEOLOGY 1. The concept of ideology 2. Social being and consciousness 3. The division of labour, and its abolition 4. Individuality and freedom 5. Stimer and the philosophy of egocentrism XIII The Contradictions of Capital and Their Abolition. The Unity of Analysis and Action 6. Comments on Marx's theory of value and exploitation XIV. THE MOTIVE FORCES OF THE HISTORICAL PROCESS 1. Productive forces, relations of production, superstructure 2. Social being and consciousness 3. Historical progress and its contradictions 4. The monistic interpretation of social relationships 5. The concept of class 6. The origin of class 7. The functions of the state and its abolition 8. Commentary on historical materialism XV. THE DIALECTIC OF NATURE 1. The scientistic approach 2. Materialism and idealism. The twilight of philosophy 3. Space and time 4. The variability of nature 5. Multiple forms of change 6. Causality and chance 7. The dialectic in nature and in thought 8. Quantity and quality 9. Contradictions in the world 10. The negation of the negation 11. Critique of agnosticism Contents xm 12. Experience and theory 13. The relativity of knowledge 14. Practice as the criterion of truth 15. The sources of religion XVI. RECAPITULATION AND PHILOSOPHICAL COMMENTARY 1. Marx's philosophy and that of Engels 2. Three motifs in Marxism 3. Marxism as the source of Leninism SELECTIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX "Drawing on powerful historical and philosophical insight, Main Currents of Marxism traces the intellectual foundations of Marxist thought from Plotinus through Hegel to Lukacs, Sartre, and Mao. Leszek Kolakowski reveals Marxism to be "the greatest fantasy of our century ... an idea that began in Promethean humanism and culminated in the monstrous tyranny of Stalinism." Long before the overwhelming majority of historians, journalists, and intellectuals around the world came to see the devastation wrought by autocratic, state-sponsored socialism, Kolakowski pointed to the shortcomings of a system doomed to failure." "Recognized when it was first published for its profound historical insights and for its exposition of how the Communist hierarchy was quickly corroding from the inside, this forceful work has influenced several generations of scholars and historians. Despite decades of major political change, Main Currents of Marxism remains as accurate and incisive as ever. In a new preface and epilogue, Kolakowski reexamines the collapse of international Communism in light of the last tumultuous years."--Jacket

Renowned philosopher Leszek Kolakowski was one of the first scholars to reveal both the shortcomings and the dangers posed by communist regimes. He now presents, for the first time in one paperback volume, his definitive Main Currents of Marxism: “A prophetic work,” according to the Library of Congress, that provides “the most lucid and comprehensive history of the origins, structure, and posthumous development of the system of thought that had the greatest impact on the 20th century.”

Traces the intellectual foundations of Marxist thought from Plotinus through Hegel to Lukacs, Sartre, and Mao. Kołakowski provides a comprehensive history of the origins, structure, and posthumous development of the system of thought that had the greatest impact on the 20th century. --Adapted from publisher description The commanding study of Marxism, now in one masterful volume with a new preface and epilogue by the author.