Ergonomics for Improved Productivity: Proceedings of HWWE 2017 Volume 2 (Design Science and Innovation)

This highly informative and carefully presented book focuses on the fields of ergonomics/human factors and discusses the future of the community vis-à-vis health problems, productivity, aging, etc. Ergonomic intercession must be seen in light of its effect on productivity because ergonomic solutions will improve productivity as the reduction of environmental stressors, awkward postures and efforts lead to a reduction in task execution time. The book provides promising evidence that the field of ergonomics continues to thrive and develop deeper insights into how work environments, products and systems can be developed to meet needs, demands and limitations of humans and how they can support productivity improvements. Some of the themes covered are anthropometry and workplace design, biomechanics and modelling in ergonomics, cognitive and environmental ergonomics, ergonomic intervention and productivity, ergonomics in transport, mining, agriculture and forestry, health systems, work physiology and sports ergonomics, etc. This book is beneficial to academicians, policymakers and the industry alike. ^ Preface Contents Editors and Contributors 1 Assessment of Human Cost of Work of Tribal Women Farmers in Harvesting of Maize with the Use of Improved Sickles 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Assessment of Health Condition of Selected Samples 3.1 Body Mass Index 3.2 Blood Pressure 4 Assessment of Human Cost of Work in Maize Production System 4.1 Physiological Variables 4.2 Calculation of Energy Expenditure 4.2.1 Physiological Workload Index 5 Measurement of Heart Rate for Calculation of Physiological Cost of Work 5.1 Calculation of Physiological Cost of Work 5.2 Biomechanical Variables 5.2.1 Measuring the Angle of Deviation 5.2.2 Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) 5.2.3 REBA Decision 6 Information Regarding Improved Tools Used for Harvesting of Maize 7 Results and Discussion 7.1 Physical Characteristics of Subjects 7.2 Health Status of Subjects 7.3 Physiological Variables 7.4 Output 8 Biomechanical Variables 8.1 Angle of Deviation of Body 8.2 Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) 9 Summary and Conclusion References 2 Ergonomical Evaluation of Knapsack Sprayer 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 3.1 Ergonomical Evaluation of Hand Operated Knapsack Sprayer 3.1.1 Working Heart Rate and Oxygen Consumption 3.1.2 Energy Cost of Operation 3.1.3 Limit of Continuous Performance (LCP) 3.1.4 Overall Discomfort Rating (ODR) 3.1.5 Body Part Discomfort Score (BPDS) 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References 3 Product Design Interventions to Solve Issues Faced in the Use of a Hand-Held Blender in Domestic Use 1 Introduction 1.1 Need of Butter Churner/separator 2 Electrical Blenders Versus Manual Blenders 3 User Centered Design Approach 4 Ideation 4.1 Role Play 4.1.1 Role Play 1 4.1.2 Role Play 2 4.1.3 Role Play 3 4.1.4 Role Play4 5 Conclusion References 4 Total Ergonomics Model Applied to Thermal Power Plant for Workers Safety, Health and Happiness 1 Introduction 2 Total Ergonomics Model 2.1 This Questionnaire is Meant for Collecting the Information Regarding the Implementation of Concept of Total Ergonomics in a Thermal Power Plant at Harduaganj 3 Case Study 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions References 5 Effect of Drilling Speed and Task Duration on Workers’ Performance Using a Modified Feed Handle 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Modified Feed Handle 2.2 Independent Variables 2.3 Dependent Variables 3 Results 3.1 Material Removal Rate 3.2 Perceived Discomfort Score 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References 6 Thermodynamic Investigation of Transpiration Cooled Gas Turbine Blade 1 Introduction 2 Transpiration Cooled GT Cycle 2.1 Compressor 2.2 Combustion Chamber 2.3 Gas Turbine 2.4 Cooled GT Blade 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References 7 Hatchback Car Judder—An Investigative Analysis 1 Introduction 2 An Approach Toward the Problem 2.1 Problem Formulation 2.2 Fishbone Diagram 2.3 Identification of Subjective Rating 2.4 Vehicle Testing Procedure 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Vehicle Without Change (As It Is Condition) 3.2 Vehicle with New Clutch Set 3.3 Test After Using the Vehicle for 500 km 3.4 Test After Throttle Cleaning 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 8 A Comparative Analysis of a Mouse and Touchpad Based on Throughput and Locations for a Laptop Computer 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Interface Design 2.2 Experimental Setup 2.3 Variables 2.4 Procedure 3 Result 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion and Future Scope References 9 Ergonomic Assessment of Log Bucking Operation Using a Chain Saw 1 Introduction 2 Experiment 2.1 Participants 2.2 Design of the Experiment 2.3 EMG Analysis 2.4 Vibration Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Hand Arm Vibration 3.2 Electromyography 3.3 POSTURAL Analysis Using HumanCAD 4 Conclusion and Future Scope References 10 Effects of Cartoon Network of School Going Children: An Empirical Study 1 Introduction 2 Aim and Objective 3 Methodology 3.1 Limitation of the Conventional Survey Methods 3.2 Propose a Solution to Eliminate the Above Limitations 3.3 Region and Sample Size of the Survey 3.4 The Proposed (Two-Fold) Survey Method 3.5 Details of Questionnaire 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References 11 Occupational Health, Safety, and Ergonomic Issues in Pulse Processing (Dal Mill) Units in North Karnataka 1 Introduction 1.1 The Pulse Milling Process 1.2 Objectives of Study on Dal Mills 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Physical Parameters 2.2 Manual Work in Dal Mills 2.3 Analysis of Working Posture 3 Results 3.1 Occupational Health Hazards 3.2 Use of Personnel Protective Devices 3.3 Environmental Pollution in Dal Mills 3.4 Postural Analysis 4 Discussion References 12 Foreign Animation and Indian Kids Behavior: An Innovative Survey 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Information Collected from School-Going Children 2.2 Information Collected from Guardians 2.3 Results and Discussion 3 Conclusion References 13 Humanizing Education in Higher Classes: An Overview of Thermal Comfort and Other Parameters Affecting Human Efficiency 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Discussion 3.1 Thermal Comfort 3.2 Furniture, Visual and Acoustic Comfort 4 Conclusion References 14 Occupational Whole Body Vibration Exposure Among Tractor Drivers During Harrowing 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Subjects 2.2 Experimental Details 2.3 Apparatus and Instrumentation 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References 15 Overview of Knowledge Management in Occupational Safety, Health, and Ergonomics 1 Introduction 2 Concepts of Knowledge Management 2.1 Knowledge 2.2 Knowledge Management 3 Knowledge Management in Occupational Safety, Health, and Ergonomics 4 Introduction to Set of Experience Knowledge Structure and Decisional DNA 4.1 Set of Experience Knowledge Structure (SOEKS) 4.2 Decisional DNA (DDNA) 5 Decisional DNA-Based Framework for Knowledge Management for OSHE 6 Conclusion References 16 The Effect of Spray Cooled and Air Cooled Condenser of a Window Air Conditioner on Human Thermal Comfort: Experimental Investigation 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup 3 Experimental Data 4 Instruments Used 5 Formulae Used 6 Result Table 7 Results and discussions 7.1 Effect of ambient temperature on refrigerating effect 7.2 Effect of ambient temperature on compressor work 7.3 Effect of ambient temperature on COP 8 Conclusions References 17 Effect of Welding Emissions on Health and Its Remedy by Friction Stir Welding 1 Introduction 2 Health Hazards Due To Welding 2.1 Effects of Welding Fumes 3 Description of the Illnesses 3.1 Metal Fume Fever 3.2 Pneumonia 3.3 Siderosis (Welder’s Lung) 3.4 Irritation of Throat and Lungs 3.5 Cataract 3.6 Perforated Tympanic Membrane 3.7 Parkinson’s Disease 3.8 Kidney Failure 3.9 Skin Cancer and Skin Ulceration 4 Friction Stir Welding Process 4.1 Benefits and Drawbacks of FSW 4.2 Welder Comfort Consideration in Friction Stir Welding 5 Conclusion References 18 Automatic Detection of Exudates in Colour Fundus Images 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 3.1 Pre-processing 3.2 Optic Disc Masking 3.3 Thresholding and Pixel Area Calculation 4 Experimentation 5 Results 6 Conclusions References 19 Vibration Analysis of Custom Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) for Drop Foot Patient 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Materials of Manufacturing Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) 2.2 Manufacturing for Ankle Foot Orthosis 2.3 Vibration and Frequency of AFOs 2.4 Natural Frequency 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References 20 Design and Analysis of a Custom Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) with Foot Drop Patient 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 The Information of Case Study (Pathological) 2.2 Numerical Analysis 3 Experimental Work 4 Composite Material Specimens with Vacuum Method 5 Experimental Results and Discussion 6 The Results and Discussion for AFO’S Models 7 Conclusions References 21 Clutch Cum Accelerator Pedal 1 Introduction 2 Design 2.1 Components 2.2 Assembly 2.3 Working 2.4 Discussion and Future Scope References 22 A Study on Cardio-Respiratory Efficiency of Bullocks for Threshing Paddy and Groundnut by a Multi-crop Thresher Operated in Rotary Mode 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Evaluation of the Multi-Crop Thresher for Paddy and Groundnut 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References 23 The Possibility of Sustainable Development of Sualkuchi (The Biggest Silk Village of Assam) Handloom Sector Through Promotion of Rural Tourism 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Observation and Discussion 3.1 Demography of the Respondents 3.2 Views on Tourists 3.3 The Environment of the Village 3.4 Views on Silk Products 3.5 Views on Cottage Silk Handloom Sector 3.6 Views on Silk Product Variety 3.7 Views on Silk Product Design Motifs 3.8 Views on Silk Product Competition 3.9 Views on Tourist’s Infrastructure 4 Conclusion References 24 Evaluation of Smartphone as a Real-Time Tool for Hand Tremor Assessment 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methods 3.1 Experimental Setup 3.2 Measurement Analysis Parameters 3.3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion and Future Work References 25 Ergonomics and Its Contribution to Strategic Management 1 Introduction 1.1 Current Role of Ergonomics in Strategic Management 1.2 How Can We Make Ergonomics More Acceptable in Strategy Formulation? 2 Benefits of Making Ergonomics a Part of Strategy Formulation 2.1 Functional Business Strategies and Ergonomics 3 Incorporating Ergonomics into Strategy at Organizational Level 4 Conclusions and Implications References 26 Risk Factors Associated with Accident Severity in Urban Chennai 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Materials 2.1 Data 2.2 Risk Factors Associated with Accident Severity 2.3 Statistical Data Analysis 3 Results 3.1 Descriptive Statistics 3.2 Chi Square Test of Independence 4 Discussions and Conclusions References 27 Ergonomic Design and Static Analysis of Wheelchair Cum X-ray Table for Stress-Free Transfer of Patients 1 Introduction 2 Need 3 Proposed Design 3.1 Design Parameters 3.2 Material 3.3 Working 4 Analysis 5 Result 6 Conclusion References 28 Analysing the Academic Performance of Students Under Varying Climatic Conditions 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 3.1 Demographic Outline of Participants 3.2 Academic Performance in October, December, March, and May (ODMM) 3.3 Examination Experience in AC and Non-AC Rooms 3.4 Students Influenced During Summer 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion 6 Recommendation References 29 Adjustable Pedal Box Assembly: An Ergonomic Approach 1 Literature Review 2 Overview 2.1 Past Research Study, Constraints and Deductions 2.2 Work Methodology 2.3 Design Approach 3 Data Collection and Observations 4 Interpretation 5 Conclusion References 30 A Review on Human Factors and Ergonomics in School 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 HFE Issues in School 2.2 Methods to Study Classroom Interactions 2.3 HFE Interventions 3 Conclusion References 31 Design and Development of Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) Based Lightweight, Flexible and Low-Cost Artificial Finger 1 Introduction 1.1 Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMC) 1.2 Water Uptake Capacity 1.3 Previous Research Related to IPMC and Artificial Muscles 2 Design and Development of Artificial Finger 2.1 Casting 2.2 Electroless Plating 2.3 Electroplating 3 Result and Discussion References 32 Exergy and Energy Analysis of Shower Cooling Tower Used for Air Cooling Application for Human Comfort with Variation in Inlet Air Dry Bulb Temperature 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Facility for Spray Characterization 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Model Testing 3.2 Parametric Study 3.3 Effect of Variation of DBT of Inlet Air 4 Conclusion References 33 Smelly Shoes—An Opportunity for Shoe Rack Re-Design 1 Introduction 2 Ergonomics of Shoe-Rack Design—A Literature Review 3 Prevalence of the Problem—A Pilot Survey 3.1 Results and Inferences 4 Existing Solutions—Market Survey 5 Shoe-Rack for Smelly Shoes 6 Conclusion References 34 Occupational Health Problems Among Handicraft Workers in Arunachal Pradesh 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Study Design 2.2 Postural Study 3 Results 3.1 Demographic Characteristics of Participants 3.2 Posture Analysis 3.3 Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Disorders 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References 35 Ergonomic Design Assessment of Garment Retail Stores in Malls 1 Introduction 1.1 Objectives of the Study 2 Literature Review 2.1 Scope of the Study 3 Methodology 4 Findings of the Study 5 Discussions 6 Conclusion References 36 A Study on Comfort in Smart Classroom 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Survey 3 Mismatch 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References 37 Study of Human Factors Responsible for Change in Design 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Model 3 Investigation on Case Studies and Major Challenges 4 Discussion and Conclusion References 38 Ergonomic Design of Angle of Abduction in Arc Welding Environment 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Procedure 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References 39 Effect of Indoor Environmental Quality on Human Comfort and Performance: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Thermal Comfort 4 Acoustic Comfort 5 Visual Comfort 6 Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) 7 Health Effects of Poor IEQ 8 Conclusions References 40 Work-Related MSDs Risk Assessment of Small-Scale Casting Industry Using Computer Added Posture Assessment (CAPA) 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 CAPA Software 2.1.1 The REBA Method 2.1.2 The RULA Method 2.1.3 Data Retrieval 2.1.4 Functionalities 2.2 Observations 2.2.1 Equipment and Configurations 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 41 Qualitative Investigation of Occupational Health and Safety Practices in Sports Industries 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion Bibliography 42 A Study on Laptop Ergonomics 1 Introduction 2 Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) 3 Laptop Specific Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (LS-CMDQ) (Heidari et al. 2019) 4 Suggestions for Alleviating Discomfort 5 Conclusion References This highly informative and carefully presented book focuses on the fields of ergonomics/human factors and discusses the future of the community vis-a-vis health problems, productivity, aging, etc. Ergonomic intercession must be seen in light of its effect on productivity because ergonomic solutions will improve productivity as the reduction of environmental stressors, awkward postures and efforts lead to a reduction in task execution time. The book provides promising evidence that the field of ergonomics continues to thrive and develop deeper insights into how work environments, products and systems can be developed to meet needs, demands and limitations of humans and how they can support productivity improvements. Some of the themes covered are anthropometry and workplace design, biomechanics and modelling in ergonomics, cognitive and environmental ergonomics, ergonomic intervention and productivity, ergonomics in transport, mining, agriculture and forestry, health systems, work physiology and sports ergonomics, etc. This book is beneficial to academicians, policymakers and the industry alike