Ergonomics for Design and Innovation: Humanizing Work and Work Environment: Proceedings of HWWE 2021 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems Book 391)

Contents Designing Cannula Cover to Avoid Infections in Central Venous Catheter 1 Introduction 1.1 Function 2 Literature Survey 2.1 Types of Kidney Disorders 2.2 Treatments 2.3 Central Venous Catheter [CVC]: 3 Methodology 3.1 Human Factor Issues Related Doctors and Patients 3.2 Design Specification 3.3 Material Used 3.4 Ideations 3.5 Advantages of Cannula Cover Over Existing Equipment’s 4 Conclusion References Redesigning the Basket Support for the Tea Plantation Workers—Occupational Safety and Health Design 1 Introduction 2 Objective 3 Research Methodology 4 Context 4.1 Cultural Aspect 4.2 Working Conditions 5 Existing Practices and Why 6 Design Intervention 6.1 Design Aspects 6.2 Design 6.3 Design Dimension 7 Conclusion References Design of Personal Protective Wear for Disabled People: An Improvisation on Ergonomics 1 Introduction 1.1 Disability (Statistics) and Universal Design for Inclusivity 1.2 Disability 1.3 Universal Design and Inclusivity 2 Design Requirements and Approach 2.1 Constrains of Disabled People 3 Discussions 3.1 Evaluation of Personal Protective Wear—Standard Testing Methods 3.2 Advancements in Personal Protective Wear 4 Conclusion References Optimal Design of Customized Ankle Foot Orthosis for Drop Foot Patients 1 Introduction 1.1 Drop Foot and Normal Foot Physiology 1.2 Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) 2 Data Acquisition 3 Fabrication Process 4 Result and Discussion 5 Low Cost Host Materials 6 Conclusion References Ergo-Studio—A Case-Study on Teaching and Learning Ergonomics in a Studio Mode 1 Introduction 2 Context 3 Strategies 3.1 Engage with Real-World Contexts 3.2 Prepare Groundwork in Advance 3.3 Restructure Course Inputs and Schedule 3.4 Students as Active Stakeholders in Shaping Their Learning 3.5 Learning Through Prototyping and Testing 3.6 Teamwork and Peer Learning 3.7 Digital Storytelling as a Medium of Communication 3.8 Instructor as Facilitator 4 Conclusion References An Empirical Study on Cognitive Impartment of Knowledge in Children Through Augmented Reality 1 Introduction 1.1 Influence of Technology on Children 1.2 Augmented Reality and Its Influence on Children 1.3 Education for Children with Augmented Reality 2 Design Process and Method 2.1 Methodology 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Results of Phase-1 3.2 Results of Phase-2 4 Conclusion References Virtual Reality Reducing Cognitive Load in Travel Planning 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Digitized Visual Fatigue Detection for Humanizing Digital Work Environments 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Design of Digital Visual Fatigue Test 2.2 Participants 2.3 Workstation and Surroundings 2.4 Experiment Design 2.5 Statistical Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Descriptives of Recorded Visual Fatigue Scores 3.2 Correlation Between Visual Fatigue Scores Recorded Using Proposed and Existing Methods 4 Conclusion References Preliminary Survey in FMCG Shop-Floors to Understand Operational Activities for Identifying Ergonomic Stressors: A Case Study from North-East India 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Observations 3.1 Awkward Postures 3.2 Ill-Equipped Workstations/Inadequate Tools 3.3 Improper Kaizens Implemented 3.4 Non-standardized Work Practices 3.5 Unsafe Work Activities 3.6 Unplanned Facility Layout Planning 3.7 Workshift Duration 3.8 Environmental Aspects 4 Discussion 4.1 Anthropometric Mismatch 4.2 Ergonomic Principles and Design Strategies 4.3 Holistic Approach for Kaizens 4.4 Work Standardization 4.5 Innovative Tools and Strict Safety Policies 4.6 Workplace Design and Space Management 4.7 Organizational Ergonomics 4.8 Environment Monitoring 5 Scope for Improvement 5.1 Ergonomic Principles and Kaizen Implementation 5.2 Work Standardization as Per FMCG Work Parameters 5.3 Innovative Tools 6 Conclusion References Ergonomics Analysis of Working Posture in Household Cleaning Using Technomatix Modeling 1 Introduction 1.1 Injuries and Physical Risk in Cleaning 2 Methodology 2.1 Subjects 2.2 Biomechanical Study 2.3 Postural Analysis 2.4 Coding of OWAS Working Position 3 Result and Discussion References Study of the Effect of Worker Characteristics on Maximum Acceptable Weight of Lift 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Experimental Procedure 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Postural Assessment of Indian Floor Tilers' Using OWAS, REBA, ERIN and WERA Methods 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Ovako Work Posture Analyzing System (OWAS) 2.2 Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) 2.3 Evaluation Del Riesgo Individual/Individual Risk Assessment (ERIN) 2.4 Workplace Ergonomic Risk Assessment (WERA) 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Determination of Effects of Instrumental Music on Brain Signal Using Electroencephalogram 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Experimental Protocol 2.2 Data Acquisition 2.3 Pre-processing 2.4 Analysis of EEG Signal 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Development of Mastectomy Bra for Breast Cancer Survivors 1 Introduction 2 Concerns and Complications 3 Need for the Research 4 Review of Literature 4.1 User-Centered Design 4.2 Prosthesis 4.3 Mastectomy Bra 5 Research Design 6 Product Development 7 Results and Discussion 8 Conclusion References Working Posture Evaluation of Bus Drivers—Using CMDQ and RULA Technique 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Subject 2.2 Study Design 2.3 Questionnaire Survey 2.4 Data Analysis 3 Result 3.1 Demographics and Work-Study 3.2 Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Discomfort 3.3 Psychological Factor 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Quantitative and Qualitative Study on Lifestyle of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome or Disease (PCOS/PCOD) Patients 1 Background 2 Method 3 Results 3.1 Relation of Hormones to Infertility 3.2 Insights from the Gynaecologists 3.3 Quantitative Analysis on PCOS Patients 3.4 Qualitative Analysis on PCOS Patients 3.5 Summary 4 Discussions 5 Conclusions References Visual Analysis of Narratives in Naamghars of Assam 1 Introduction 1.1 Methodology 1.2 Data Collection Method 1.3 Naamghar Walls Depicting Narratives 1.4 Presence of Narratives on Main Door and Main Gate of Naamghrs 2 Setting 2.1 Group Discussion 3 Summary and Conclusion 4 Conclusions References Eye Tracking to Evaluate the Usability of User Interfaces 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 3.1 Preference for Visual Attribute of Font Size for User Interface 3.2 Preference for Visual Attributes of Colour Combination/Contrast 3.3 Colour Contrast for User Interface Using Eye Tracking 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Interrelation of Multiple Intelligences—An Approach to Enhance Learning 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Research Design 2.2 Sample 2.3 Techniques of Data Collection 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Assessment of Types of Intelligence Among Children 3.2 Inter-correlation of Multiple Intelligences 4 Discussion 4.1 Assessment of Types of Intelligence Among Children 4.2 Inter-correlation of Multiple Intelligences 5 Conclusion References Understanding the Usability of School Stationery and the Scope for Innovation 1 Introduction 2 Approach 3 Research Methodology 4 Research Outcomes 4.1 Observations 4.2 Survey to Determine the Pattern of Usage of Geometric Tools 4.3 Focus Group (Interview) 5 Analysis 5.1 Insights 5.2 Design Direction 6 Addressing the Scope for Innovation 6.1 Ideation 6.2 Final Concept 6.3 Design Decisions (L Scale) 7 Conclusion and Future Direction 7.1 Conclusion 7.2 Future Direction References Engaging Design Projects: A PBL Framework for the New Normal Communication Design Education 1 Introduction 1.1 Project Based Learning (PBL) 1.2 Engagement Redefined for New Normal Design Projects, NID 1.3 Learning to Learn: The 4Ps in the Making 2 Blended Learning: Mixed Methods for EDP Modules at NID 2.1 Online EDPs 3 4 Ps Framework of EDPs in Communication Design (2020) 3.1 4Ps Framework: The Whole is the Sum of It’s Parts 3.2 The Domain Axis: The Horizontal and the Vertical Axis in the Framework 3.3 The Innovation Aspect: 4 Ps Framework for Project-Based Learning 4 Future Scope: 4 Ps Framework for Inter-Disciplinary EDPs References Efficacy of Sex Differences on the Perceptual Experience of Virtual Building Images 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Participants 2.2 Stimuli 2.3 Procedure 3 Data Analysis 4 Results 4.1 Identification of Building Models 4.2 Level of Comfort 4.3 Perceived Sex Difference (i.e., Male-Centric) 5 Discussions 6 Limitations of the Study 7 Conclusion References Bucky—The Study of an Ergonomic Design Intervention for a Bucket Carrying Task 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 5 Limitations and Future Scope 6 Conclusion References Why Does an Indian Construction Worker Fail to Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at Workplace? 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Pilot Study 2.2 Onsite Observations and Problem Identification 2.3 Question Formation and Data Collection 3 Results 3.1 Respondents’ Characteristics 3.2 Awareness of Safety Helmet Among Worker 3.3 Reasons for Discomfort in Using an Existing Safety Helmet 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References To Explore an Innovative Process to Offer Personalized Learning by Providing Localized Accessibility for Both Teachers and Students with the Help of a Mobile Application 1 Introduction 2 Background and Need Identification 3 Literature Study 4 Aim and Objectives 5 Set up Methodology 5.1 The Need/Requirement 5.2 Proposed Solution 5.3 Brainstorming and Concept Generation 5.4 Design Concept for Application 5.5 UX Design—Wireframe and Navigation 5.6 UI Design—Screen Design and Interaction 5.7 Final Prototype 6 User Survey and Feedback 7 Conclusion References An Intensive Analysis of the Problems and Strategies Implemented During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Mitigate, Recover, Rehabilitation and Build Resilient Communities 1 Introduction 2 Community Resilience and Its Elements 2.1 Access to Accurate Information 2.2 Local Knowledge 2.3 Community Networks and Relationships 2.4 Adaptive Capacity 2.5 Governance and Leadership 2.6 Community Capital 3 Challenges Faced During the Pandemic 4 Strategies for Resilience 4.1 Testing and Surveillance 4.2 Population Based Approaches 4.3 Digital Delivery 4.4 Agile Workforce 4.5 Developing New Care Models 4.6 Operational Resilience 5 Product Solution 5.1 Need of the Market 5.2 Product Design and Specifications 5.3 Product Interaction Due to User-Centric Ergonomic Consideration 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion References Rotating Cylindrical PIN VR Display—An Ergonomic Approach for VR Scripts 1 Introduction 1.1 Parallel Interactive Narratives in Virtual Reality (PIN VR) 2 Literature Review 2.1 Visual Ergonomics 2.2 Script as a Blueprint for the Traditional Cinema Crew 2.3 Parallel Narratives in Cinema 2.4 Conceptualization and Scriptwriting for VR Experiences 2.5 Comparisons in Theatre, VR and Street Theatre 3 Methodology 4 PIN VR Conceptualization Process 5 Discussion 6 Future Scope 7 Conclusion References Braking: The Most Strenuous Task of Locomotive Driving 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Impact of Writing Tools in the Evolution of Telugu Script 1 Introduction 2 Telugu Script Transformation 2.1 Writing Medium and Tools 2.2 Historical Perspective 3 Palm Leaf and Telugu Script 3.1 Type of Palm Leaves Used for Writing Telugu Script 3.2 Cultural Significance of Palm Leaf Manuscripts 3.3 Social Impact of Palm Leaf Manuscripts 3.4 Impact of Palm Leaf on Manuscript Design 4 Human Factors and Ergonomics 4.1 The Ghantam Stylus and Writing Process 4.2 Variations in Stylus Usage 4.3 Biomechanics 5 Conclusions References Exploring Pedagogical Influence and Cognitive Learning on Children by Implementing Innovative Instructional Design Methodology for Learning English Alphabet Writing from Drawing 1 Introduction 2 Background Study 2.1 Need Identification 3 Literature Review 3.1 Significance of the Semantic Typography and Its Cognitive Assessment 3.2 Difficulties in Learning and Teaching the English Language 4 Aim and Objective 5 Methodology 5.1 Exploring Research Area for Problem Identification 5.2 Reviewing Traditional Learning Mediums 5.3 Reviewing Contemporary Learning Mediums 5.4 Comparing the Traditional and Contemporary Mediums 5.5 Hypothesis Formulation 5.6 Designing Solutions 5.7 Final Survey 5.8 Three Stages of the Learning Curve 5.9 Reviews and Feedback 6 Discussions 7 Conclusion References Sound Design for Cinematic Virtual Reality: A State-of-the-Art Review 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Methodology 4 Literature Review 4.1 Immersive Storytelling 4.2 Immersive Sound Design 4.3 Immersive Experience for Viewer 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Traditional Cultivation Practices of Water Chestnut in Northeast India (Assam): A Field Survey 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Farmers Details 3 Findings from Field Survey 3.1 Various Steps/Phases of Water Chestnut Cultivation 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Development of an Effective Scale for Measuring Empathy of Indian Nurses 1 Introduction and Background References 2 Review of Literature 2.1 Tools to Measure Empathy 2.2 Factors Affecting Empathy Scores in Healthcare Professionals 2.3 Empathy in the Indian Context 2.4 The Indian Nursing Scenario 3 Aim 4 Methods 5 Results and Discussions 6 Reliability 7 Conclusion References The Impact of Service Quality on Customer Loyalty of Indian E-commerce Industry: The Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction 1 Introduction 2 Review of Literature 2.1 Electronic Service Quality 2.2 Customer Satisfaction 2.3 Customer Loyalty 2.4 Role of Human Factor in Delivering Service Quality 3 Conceptual Framework and Hypotheses Development 4 Research Methodology 5 Analytical Results 5.1 Statistical Results 5.2 Path Analysis 6 Discussion 7 Conclusions 8 Limitations and Future Work References Science Mapping to Visualize the Factors Influencing Workers’ Fall from Height in Construction Projects 1 Introduction 2 Research Method 3 Results 3.1 Publication Per year 3.2 Publications Per Document Source 3.3 Factors Influencing FFH Base on Authors Co-Occurring Keywords 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Assessment of Respiratory Health of Wood and Stone Occupation Workers: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Data Collection and Methodology 2.1 Search String 2.2 Screening of Articles and Inclusion/exclusion Criteria 3 Explanatory Results and Discussion 3.1 Research Amplification 3.2 Country-Wise Evaluation 3.3 Journal-Wise Analysis 3.4 Analysis of Assessment Tools and Techniques 3.5 Analysis of Respiratory Problems 4 Conclusion References Analysis of Risk Factors (Psychological and Musculoskeletal Disorders) Associated with Smart Phone Usage Among Indian Users 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Materials 2.1 Subject Summary 2.2 Methods 2.3 Psychological Assessment 2.4 Musculoskeletal Issues Associated with Smart Phone 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Psychological Assessment 3.2 Musculoskeletal Issues Associated with Smart Phone 4 Conclusion References Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among the Agricultural Workers: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Status of Political Cartoons in Indian Society: A Human Commination Perspective 1 Introduction 2 Political Cartoon 3 Methodology 4 Characteristics of Indian Political Cartoon 4.1 Symbolism 4.2 Exaggeration 4.3 Labeling 4.4 Analogy 4.5 Irony 4.6 Storytelling and Caricature 4.7 Satire 4.8 Controversial Political Cartoon 5 History of Indian Political Cartoons 6 Current Trends of Indian Political Cartoon Indian Political Cartoon 7 Human Factors Perspective of Political Cartoons 8 Conclusion References Gender Role Portrayal in Indian Advertisement: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Focus of Gender Portrayal Research in India 4 Research Method Used in Gender Portrayal Studies in India 5 Conclusion References Proposed Improvisation in Gun Shooting Skills, Especially on Moving Targets to Enhance Efficacy of Shooting Training vis-à-vis Modern Day’s Security Preparedness 1 Introduction 2 Review of Existing Weapon Firing Training in Vogue 3 Threat Perception - External and Internal: An Overview 4 Security Preparedness in Modern Day’s Context 5 Result and Discussion 5.1 Need for Training Review vis-à-vis Modern Day’s Security Threats 5.2 Cost Factor - Feasibility to Impart Training to All 5.3 Identification/Analysis of Moving Target Training Requirements 6 Limitations and Future Scope 7 Conclusion References Sustaining Heritage Culture Through Visual Narrative Design 1 Introduction 2 Classification of Cultural Heritage and Importance of Preservation 2.1 Existing Techniques of Cultural Heritage Preservation 3 Research Gap 4 Aim and Objectives 5 Design Framework 6 Pragmatic Approach 6.1 Experimental Study 6.2 Data Collection from Visitors 6.3 Visual Narrative Design Development Process 6.4 Result and Discussion 6.5 Visual Narrative Design Output 7 Conclusion References Consciousness in Yoga for the Transformation of Human Potentiality 1 Introduction 1.1 Relation Between Consciousness, Mind, and Prana (Life Energy) 2 Rationale for Study 3 Literature Review 4 Methodology 5 Objectives 6 Concept of Consciousness in Yogic Texts 7 Transformation of Human Potentiality According to Yogic Texts 8 Summary 9 Conclusion References Empathy, Vulnerability and Learning Theories in Higher Education 1 Introduction 2 Theories in Instructional Design 3 Challenges Faced by Design Learners at Various Stages of Design Education 4 Problem Solving with Instructional Design 5 Conclusion References Role of Design Control Interventions in Ameliorating Hot Stressful Thermal Work Ambience: A Review 1 Introduction 1.1 Attributable Factors 1.2 Heat Stress Assessment 2 Negative Impacts 3 Role of Remedial Control Interventions 3.1 CFD Simulation Based Approach 3.2 Engineering Control Interventions 3.3 Sensor Based Intelligence 4 Conclusion References A Smart Compact Kitchen Layout to Optimize Space Utilization 1 Introduction 2 Objective 3 Methodology 3.1 Primary Data 3.2 Secondary Data 3.3 Concept Ideation 3.4 Components 4 Conclusion 5 Discussion References Driver Behaviour as an Influential Factor for Enhanced Long Distance Bus Travel Experience as Applied to Elders Doing Pilgrimages—A Survey Based Study 1 Introduction 2 Review of Literature 3 Methodology 4 Results 5 Conclusion 6 Future Scope References An Ergonomic Evaluation for Designing Workstation for Fish Vendors 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Worker Selection and Data Collection 2.2 Tools Used in the Research Process 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Questionnaire 3.2 Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) 3.3 Quick Exposure Checklist (QEC) 4 Concept 4.1 Workspace 4.2 Crates with Disposable Water System 4.3 Ergonomically Designed Tool for Accessibility 5 Limitations and Future Scope 6 Conclusion References Contributing Towards Blue Economy with Ergonomic Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD) Among Workers Involved in Harvesting Living Resources 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 3.1 Participants 3.2 Self-reported Musculoskeletal Symptoms 3.3 Symptoms Related to Different Working Tasks Involved in Stage 3 Process 3.4 Causes for Development of MSDs Based on Findings of DMQ 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Identifying Ergonomic Issues and Re-designing of Mango Plucking Tool 1 Introduction 2 Process 2.1 A day in Life of Farmer 2.2 Ethnography 2.3 Mango Agronomy 2.4 Design Considerations 3 Solution 3.1 Technical Requirements 3.2 User Interface 3.3 User Interaction 4 Conclusion References Learning Indian Classical Dance Forms with the Help of Augmented Reality (AR) Application 1 Introduction 1.1 Indian Classical Dance 1.2 Augmented Reality and Dance 2 Literature Review 2.1 Visualization in Immersive Media 2.2 Self-learning 2.3 Major Drawbacks of Offline Learning 2.4 Fun Based Dance Learning App 2.5 Public Interest Statement 2.6 Aims and Objectives 3 Method 3.1 User Requirement Analysis 3.2 AR Based Mobile Application Design 3.3 Cognitive Walkthrough 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 What User Says About the Requirements? 4.2 Expert Suggestions After Prototype Walkthrough (Previous Versus New Design) 5 Conclusion References Design, Development and Performance Evaluation of Foot Operated Elephant Apple Core Cutter 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Fabrication 2.2 Parts of the Foot Operated MCC 2.3 Operating Principle 2.4 Performance Metrics 2.5 Statistical Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Ergonomic Improvements in the Proposed Design 3.2 Force Required to Press the Foot Pedal 3.3 Performance Evaluation 3.4 Cost Analysis 4 Conclusion References Photography Is a Tool of Social Awareness 1 Introduction 2 Objective of Study 3 Methodology 4 Observations 5 Conclusion References Multipurpose, Low-Cost and Electricity-Free Cold Storage Cum Vending Cart for Vegetable and Fruit Vendors 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 User Study and Design Intervention 3.1 Problems and Issues Faced by Street Vendors 3.2 Innovative Design Intervention as Mitigating Solution 4 Discussion 5 Limitations and Future Scope 6 Conclusion References Re-design and Ergonomic Assessment of a Handcrafted Kalash Polishing Equipment 1 Introduction 2 Musculoskeletal Disorders 3 Ergonomic Assessment of Existing Polishing Equipment 4 Redesign and Evaluation of Existing Polishing Equipment 4.1 Market Survey on Existing Polishing Equipment 4.2 Design Requirements 4.3 Concept Generation and Screening 4.4 Final Concept 4.5 Evaluation 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Development of Scale for Assessing Occupational Health Hazards in Post Harvest Activities (OHHPA Scale) 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Selection of the District, Blocks and Villages and Sample for the Study 2.2 Standardization of the Scale 2.3 Validity of the Scale 2.4 Final Scale 2.5 Administration of the Scale 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Assessment of Different Types of Occupational Health Hazards of Farm Women in Post Harvest Activities (OHHPA) 3.2 Assessment of Occupational Health Hazards in Post Harvest Activities (OHHPA) of Farm Women 4 Conclusion References Ergonomic Analysis of Manual Activities Among Dairy Farm Workers: A Literature Review 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 3 Different Activities in Dairy Farm 4 Outcomes of Literature Review 5 Results 6 Conclusion References Digitizing the Street Vending Market 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Design Intervention: Features and Working Details 3.1 Component and Working Details 3.2 Capturing Image and Weight Information 4 Data Sorting and Analysis 5 Data Transfer 6 Data Storage 7 Data Retrieval 8 Discussion 9 Limitations and Future Scope 10 Conclusion References Thermal Performance of Green Roof and Conventional Roof in the Warm Humid Climate of India 1 Introduction 1.1 Background Study 2 Components of a Green Roof 2.1 Need for the Study 3 Literature Study 4 Methodology 4.1 Description of Experimental Setup 4.2 For Simulation 4.3 Warm Humid Cities Taken for Simulation 5 Results 5.1 Soil Thickness 5.2 Indoor Surface Temp—WWR 20 Open—For Different Orientation 5.3 Indoor Surface Temperature 5.4 Indoor Air Temperature 5.5 Validation 5.6 Comparative Study with Other Cities 6 Conclusion References Re-learning Puberty: Minimising Period Shaming in Urban Schools 1 Background 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Perceptions 1.3 Perspectives 2 Research Context 2.1 Objective 2.2 Stakeholders 2.3 Scope and Limitations 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Problem Context 3.2 Research Methods 4 Understanding for Design 4.1 Stakeholder-1: Teachers (Class Seventh to Tenth), School Counsellors, Medical Staff 4.2 Stakeholder-2: Parents of Class Seventh to Eleventh Students 4.3 Stakeholder-3: Students (Boys and Girls from Class Fifth to Class Ninth) 4.4 Study Insights 4.5 Derivation for Design Intervention 5 Design Intervention 5.1 Various Positions 5.2 Design Interventions 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion and Way Forward References Design for Cognitive Development of Kids: A Case Study of Developing Interactive Toy for Small Children 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Ergonomics Consideration 2.2 Study of Existing Solutions 2.3 Concept Generation, Screening and Detailing 2.4 Evaluation 3 Result 4 Conclusion References Cognitive Ability Improvement in Indian Classical Dancing: A Study in Bengalee Females 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Application of Immersive Media to Develop Model Making Skills of Industrial Design Learners 1 Pandemic and Design Education 1.1 Background 2 Design Education in India 3 Learning Methods in Education 4 Immersive Media in Education 5 Aim of the Paper 6 Methodology 7 Results and Discussions 7.1 Strategies for AR and VR Based Instructions 7.2 Strategy Concepts for VR 7.3 Strategy Concepts for AR 7.4 Heuristics for the Developing Instructional Strategies for AR/VR 7.5 Results of Heuristics Assessment 8 Conclusion References Innovative Ergonomic Product Development Process by Incorporating TRIZ into Human-Centered Design 1 Introduction 2 Research Background 2.1 Ergonomic Product Developments 2.2 Innovative Product Developments 2.3 Review Background Result 3 Development of IEPD Methodology 4 Case Study 4.1 Case Study Description 4.2 Implementation of IEPD Methodology for Industrial Container Redesign 5 Conclusions References Ergonomic Risk Factors Associated with Pineapple Harvesting Task in Northeast India 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Study Area and Data Collection 2.2 Postural Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Job Description 3.2 Musculoskeletal Symptoms (MSS) 3.3 Postural Analysis and Risk Factors 4 Conclusions References Drudgery Estimation in Walking Behind the Power Tiller During Field Operations 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Selection of Subject 2.2 Subject Calibration 2.3 HR Measurement During Field Operations 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Calibration 3.2 Field Data 4 Conclusions References Quantification of Neurosignals for Mathematical Model Development of Muscle Fatigue from Inexperienced Worker 1 Introduction 2 Muscles Fatigue 2.1 Measuring Muscle Fatigue 3 Signal Acquisitions 4 Experimental Procedure 5 Results 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion References Analysis and Improvement of Working Postures in Cargo Securing Process During Outbound Shipment by Using Different Ergonomics Tools and Software 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Problem Definition 4 Methodology 4.1 Pre-ergonomics Analysis 4.2 Solution 4.3 Post-ergonomics Analysis 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References An Improved User Interface for Enabling Smart Access Using Low-Cost QR Based Systems 1 Introduction 1.1 What Is QR Code? 2 Related Literature 3 Methodology 4 Proposed Solution 4.1 User Stories and Pain Points 4.2 About SecQr 5 Discussion 5.1 PROS 5.2 CONS 6 Conclusion References Ergonomic Study in Information System Design of Two Major Railway Platforms of India 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 3.1 Demographic Profile 3.2 Awareness Level of Passengers 3.3 Satisfaction Level of Passengers 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Perception and Continuous Intention of Wearable Fitness Trackers Among Different Age Groups: En Route Towards Health and Fitness 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Review on Health, Fitness and Older Adults 3.1 Review on Health Degradation with Age 3.2 Assistive Technology 3.3 Assistive Technology Acceptance by the Older Adults 3.4 Fitness Activity Intervention in Older Adults 4 Wearable Fitness Trackers 4.1 Wearable Fitness Trackers and Physical Activity 4.2 Perception, Acceptance and Continuous Intention of Wearable Fitness Tracker 5 Results 6 Discussion References Participatory Design of a Computer Mouse 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Preliminary Study 4 Participatory Design of a Computer Mouse 4.1 User-Preferred Grip Using Clay Mockup 4.2 The Iterative Process of Refinement 4.3 Study on Perceived Comfort and Pressure 5 Limitations and Future Scope 6 Conclusion References Ergonomic Risk Factors Among Eye Care specialists- A Study of Community Outreach Health Camps of Assam 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Study Setting and Participants 2.2 Data Collection 3 Results 3.1 Sample Description 3.2 WMSDs According to Routine Procedures Performed in Eye Health Camps 3.3 RULA Analysis of the Postures Adopted by the Eye Physicians While Performing Routine Eye Procedures 3.4 Frequency and Perceived Rate of Discomfort in Different Segments of the Body 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion 6 Limitations References OSH Risk Perception of Safety Managers and Scope for Ergonomics Design Interventions in Floating Solar Photovoltaic Projects 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results/Observations 3.1 OSH Risks in FSPV Projects 3.2 Perception of the Degree of OSH Risks 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Analyzing the Hand Grip Strength of Carpenters 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Subject 2.2 Data Collection 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Ergonomic Study on Farmers Involved with Cotton Harvesting in Haryana 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 3.1 Demographic Characteristics 3.2 WRMSD and Allergies Reported by the Cotton Pickers 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Assistive Devices Applicable for Inclusive Design in Higher Educational Institutes in India: A Systematic Review 1 Introduction 2 Review Methodology 3 Assistive Devices (ADs) 3.1 Activities in Higher Education Institute 3.2 Based on the Type of Disabilities 3.3 Exploration of ADs from the Patent Database 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Musculoskeletal Pain Experienced by the Marble Cutting Workers in Marble Industries at Kishangarh District, Rajasthan 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Findings 3.1 Background Information 3.2 Perceived Musculoskeletal Pain 4 Conclusion 5 Implications References User and Market Research with Proposed Concepts for Ceiling-Fan Dust Cleaning 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Online Survey 2.2 Be the Customer 2.3 Market Research 2.4 Concept Generation Using SCAMPER 3 Result 3.1 Online Survey 3.2 Be the Customer 3.3 Market Research 3.4 Concept Generation Using SCAMPER 3. This book presents the proceedings of the 19th International Conference of the Indian Society of Ergonomics (ISE) titled Humanizing Work and Work Environment (HWWE-2021), held at the Center for Ergonomics: User-centered Design and Occupational Wellbeing, Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Assam, India on December 1-3, 2021. By highlighting the latest theories and models, as well as cutting-edge technologies and applications, and by combining findings from a range of disciplines, including engineering, design, healthcare, management, computer science, and behavioral science, it provides researchers and practitioners alike with a comprehensive, timely guide on user-centered design for quality life, human factors and ergonomics, design applications, cognitive processing, and response. It also offers an excellent source of innovative ideas to stimulate future discussions and developments aimed at applying knowledge and techniques to optimize system performance while at the same time promoting the health, safety, and wellbeing of individuals. The proceedings include papers from researchers and practitioners, scientists and physicians, institutional leaders, managers, and policymakers that contribute to constructing the Human Factors and Ergonomics approach across a variety of methodologies, domains, and productive sectors